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sex, violence, and anxiety in contemporary japan DAVID LEHENY THINK GLOBAL, FEAR LOCAL THINK liLDBRL., FERR LOCAL SEX, VIOLENCE, ANXIETY IN CONTEMPORARY JAPAN AND DAVID LEHENY CORNELL UNIVERSITY PRESS ITHRCR RN□ LONDON Copyright© 2006 by Cornell University All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or parts thereof, must not be reproduced in any form without permission in writing from the publisher. For information, address Cornell University Press, Sage House, 512 East State Street, Ithaca, New York 14850. First published 2006 by Cornell University Press Printed in the United States of America Design by Scott Levine Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Leheny, David Richard, 1967- Think global, fear local : sex, violence, and anxiety in contemporary Japan / David Leheny. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN-13: 978-0-8014-7534-4 I. Fear-Social aspects-Japan. 2. Violence-Social aspects-Japan. 3. Sex-Social aspects-Japan. 4. Japan-Social conditions-1945- I. Title. HN723.5.L45 2006 306.0952'09051 l-dc22 2005028794 Cornell University Press strives to use environmentally responsible suppliers and materials to the fullest extent possible in the publishing of its books. Such materials include vegetable-based, low-VOC inks and acid-free papers that are recycled, totally chlorine-free, or partly composed of nonwood fibers. For further information, visit our website at www.cornellpress.cornell.edu. Cloth printing I0 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 FDR MY PRRENTS, JOSEPH RND SRNDRR LEHENY CONTENTS Acknowledgments ix Japanese Terms and Conventions xm List of Abbreviations xv Chapter One. Fear, Norms, and Politics in Contemporary Japan 1 Chapter Two. A "Vague Anxiety" in 1990sJapan 27 Chapter Three. "Whatever It Is, It's Bad, So Stop It" 49 Chapter Four. Guidance, Protection, and Punishment in Japan's Child Sex Laws 85 Chapter Five. Trust in Japan, Not in Counterterrorism 115 Chapter Six. The Self-Fulfilling Afterthought 14 7 Chapter Seven. Local Scapegoats and Other Unintended Consequences 183 Notes 193 Index 221 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS This book would not have been possible without the tolerance, encour agement, and support of a great number of friends and colleagues. First among these are those in Japan who gave generously of their time and wisdom. Itabashi Isao and Kawamoto Shiro of the Council for Public Pol icy have been friends and advisers since I began to work on terrorism, and although our views on counterterrorism often diverge, I hope they know how grateful I am for their unfailingly shrewd advice. I also greatly appreciate the help of þÿ(cid:0)G(cid:0)o(cid:0)Ht(cid:4)>i(cid:3)(cid:4)r(cid:0) oko of Chiba University, who saved me from countless errors in my research on juvenile crime and also intro duced me to other experts working on the problem. Ishida Hiroshi and þÿ(cid:0)S(cid:0)a(cid:0)Kt(cid:4)>a(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:0) oru have been most generous hosts at the University of Tokyo's Institute of Social Science, and the late þÿ(cid:0)S(cid:0)a(cid:0)St(cid:4)>e(cid:3)(cid:4)(cid:0)i zaburo of the National Graduate Institute for Policy Studies kindly helped me on this project during my affiliation there in 1999. This book would not have been pos sible without their help. Each of the cases reported in the book was a struggle for me, and the reader has been spared at least some of my errors due to the sharp eyes of several colleagues who kindly took the time to provide their reactions. Leonard Schoppa, Peter Katzenstein, Derek Hall, and an anonymous referee for Cornell read the entire manuscript and gave crucial com ments on the book's structure and logic. Thomas Berger, Andrew DeW it, Sharon Kinsella,Jonathan Lewis, Manuel Metzler, Laura Miller, Howard Schweber, Ethan Scheiner,Joe Soss, Kay Warren, andJ ulia Yonetani (who