Things Chinese (中国风物 / Zhongguo feng wu )

288 Pages·1994·99.972 MB·Chinese, English

by  Du Feibao & Feibao Du & Bai Du

r
杜
飞
豹
杜
白
编
著
李
念
培
凌
原
译
China Travel & Tourism Press
责任编辑：谭 燕
译 审：叶新如
设 计：吴 涛 庞卓娜
摄 影：杜飞豹 蒙紫 等
（部分图片由中国图片网提供）
图书在版编目(GIP)数据
中国风物 =Things Chinese/杜飞豹， 杜臼编著；李念培凌原译．－北京：
中国旅游出版社， 2002.3
ISBN 7-5032-1856-8
I . 中.. ]I. 叩杜．．＠杜．．＠李．．＠凌.. ill. 文化－概况－中国－英文N. K203
中国版本图书馆CIP数据核字(2002)第012578号
书 名：中国风物
编 著：杜飞豹杜白
翻 译：李念培凌 原
出版发行：中国旅游出版社
（北京建国门内大街甲9号 邮编： 100005)
印 刷：北京文高印刷有限公司
版 次： 2002年4月第1版
2002年10月 第2次印刷
开 本： 889毫米 1194毫米1/32
X
印 张： 8.875
印 数： 4001-9000册
字 数： 230千
定 价： 60.00元
版权所有 翻印心究
、
蚝
户
耳场
Introduction
，
(前言）
There must be a reason behind the writing_of a boo�:
各
'(.,,, f
勾
In this case, the idea for writing Things chj ese w'as
� 铲｀立
嚼
inspired by a French friend visiting China.J
Our job enabled us to take many foreign frie�ds bn
tours in China. During such tours they asked a lot of
壤
questions, such as why the Chinese eat dumplings,p、ost
、
毋 句 4 志
portraits of the Gate Guardian God on their doors and let
"'"'一
/
off firecrackers on New Year's Day. Why should the�iles
江
3
that cover roofs in Beijing come in yello\v, green o�black},
What do the animal figurines that perch on roof ridge�
symbolize? Why the stone turtles are burdened with stone
I
�
．
气
tablets? What's the purpose of the ceremonial columns . · 午心
泛
in front of Tian'anmen Gate? Twenty years ago, a French
＼
, \.
friend told us that during his travel in China he was keenly
to
on traditional Chinese culture but found it difficu!t
understand. He suggested that we write a book on Ghi-�
nese culture.
In 1994, the English edition of Things Chinese were
published. It soon became a hit with our readers, and
＾ 护 ；
that was why the book was reprinted twice. However
,
occupied by work, we did not have time to come u�with , 患
1
％

1
、皿
a revised edition of the book.
Entering the new century the China Travel & Tourism
心
P.ress decided to do a revised edition with more illustra­
tions to give the book an entirely new look. Taking this
opportunity we introduced 70 more Chinese cultural things
in this book. So abundant is the Chinese culture and folk-
lore that a single book like this can hardly cover both the
wi�!h and depth of it. Given more opportunities, we will
continue wntlng about it so as to do our humble bit for the
dissemination of the Chinese culture.
We would like you to give us your valuable
suggestions, so that we can make changes in the future.
Du Feibao and Du Bai
杜飞豹 杜白
June 2001 Beijing
2
、
c;�·•纷
•蝠 加�'-s. � ,,
日录
Contents
这如芯:;;;岱窃蜘汝拢立.. 过户于叶十峓社心土"正五，花屯杜二号＇究归总芯
Introduction (前言）
1. Ancient Relics (古代遗物）
(算筹） .............................................................. : ... 2
Counters 气'." 扩
'
总
The Bronze Tripod or Cauldron (鼎） ........................................· ;,.,_3
(钟与婴） .................................... 4
Musical Bells and Chime Stones
The Bronze Mirror (钜镜） ......................................................... 7
��·
(铜鼓） .................................................. :·...... g
The Bronze Drum
秽
"As You Wish" (如逾）......................................................· ,: ... ·9_ _
Sedans (轿子）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．西--�-:·10气为
Ancient Figurines (古捅）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．·12
......................................
The Chinese Grandfather Chair (太师椅） ·16
The Sacred Way and Stone Statues (神道与石像）·· ·· · ·.. ·.. ·.. ·· · ·.. · · · ·.. ·17
(石龟驮碑）.. ·.. ·· · ·.. ·..· .. ·· · ·· · ·..· .. ·19
Stele on the Back of Stone Tortoise
(墓碑与墓定）......................· ......· .. ·21
Tombstone and Buried Tablet
(太极八卦图）············ 24
Picture of the Ulti1nate and the Eight Diagrams
Sealing Clay (封夫）·······························································25
··· ...· ....
Bi and Cong -Ancient Jade Carvings (璧与踪） ···················26
Tally (符）···········································································27
Jade Clothes Sewn with Gold Thread (金缕玉衣）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．·2孚 旦
(青钥器）····························································29"
Bronze Ware
Ancient Coins (古币）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．芍30
Hitching Post (拴马桩） ····························································32
2. Folk Arts (民间工艺） `x扁义”
l
(和绣）·······························································34
Embroidery
(发绣）·························································35
Hair Embroidery
Tapestry Weaving (绎丝或刻丝）·············································36
Jade Carving (玉雕）····························································37
(夜光杯）················································39
The Luminous Cup
Ivory Carving (牙雕）····························································40
Microscopic Carving (激雕）.. ·..... ·.. ·.. ·............. ·.. ·... ·.. ·.. ·....· ...· 41
Clay Figurines (泥人）·························································42
The God of Longevity (老寿星）·············································44
(面塑）·························································45
Dough Figurines
(冰雕）·······························································46
Ice Carving
Butter Sculpture (酥油花）······················································47
L r (漆器）····························································48
acque ware
Porcelain of Jingdezhen (景遭镇瓷器）·······································49
e (景泰蓝）····························································50
Cloisonn
Potted Landscapes (盆景）·· ·.. ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· · · ·· ·· · · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· ·· · · ·· ·51
i (捞染）·····································································53
Bat k
(剪纸）·······························································54
Paper-Cuts
(瓷胎个个编）·······································55
Basketwork on Porcelain
(皮影欢）···················································56
The Shadow Show
The Puppet Show (木偶欢）···················································57
(风筝）··································································59
The Kite
Fancy Lanterns (耗灯）.. ·.. ·..... · · · ·.. · ·· ·.. ·.. ·.. ·.. ·· · · · ·· .. ·.. ·.. ·.. · ·.. · · ·61
(鞭炟）·······························································63
Firecrackers
(骨瓷）··································································64
Celadon
2
Red Ware (紫砂陶器）.......· ........... ·.. ·........... ·.. ·........ ·............ ;·· ·65
Tri-Coloured Tang (唐三联）······················································66
Eggshell China (薄胎瓷）·························································'"67
Silhouette Carving (影雕）．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．.．.．. ．68
Silk Flowers (绢花）·······························································69
Brick Sculpture (砖雕）····························································70
3. Architecture (建筑）
庐
5
'斗'
··········································································..'.72
Palace (宫） ,
，
心 午
Hall (殿） .............................................................................. 沁
i)尔
Ommnental Pillar (华表）·························································75
Screen Wall (影壁）··································································76
Glazed Tile (琼璃瓦） ............................................................ 78, ,
The Number "Nine" and Imperial Buildings ("九”与皇家建筑）···············80
Stone Baluster Head (望柱头）·· ·.. · ·· · ·· ·.. ·.... · ·· ·· ·.. ·· · · · · ·· ·.. ·.. ·.. ·.. ·.. ·81
Stone Lions (石狮）··································································82
'7
Door Studs (丿 钉）··································································84
Knocker Base (钮首）·······························································85
Water Vat (大缸）.................................................................. 85
Dougong Brackets (斗拱）·························································86
Caisson Ceiling (藩井）····························································87
"Gold Bricks" (金砖）••••••.••.•••.•••.••••..••.••••••••••••••••••••••••••••••.•• 88
Patterned Footpaths (花右子路）················································90
Zoomorphic Ornaments (吻兽）·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · · · ·· · ·91
Roof Crown ( ）............ ·..................................... ·.. ·.. ·.. · ···92
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(亭） ····································································•93
Pavilions
"Flowing-Cup Pavilion" (凉杯亭） ·············································95
.....................................................................
Terrace (台） 96
·························································97
Storeyed Building (楼）
Storeyed Pavilion (阁） ·························································98
Waterside Pavilion (狗） ·························································99
House of Retreat (斋） ........................................................... ·100
Studio (轩）··· · · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · · · · · · · ·101
Covered Corridor (廊） ..................................................... ·· ··102
Altar (坛） ............................................· .....· · · · ....· ..· ..· · ..· · ··104
Altar of the Land and Grain (社稷坛） .......................... ·.. ·..· ..· ..· 105
Archway (牌楼） ............................. ·.... ·...........................· ···106
Marble Boat (如舫） .. ·.. · · · · · · ·.. · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· 108
Scenic Openi gs （景尹） ........................................................ ·109
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Taihu Rockery (太湖右）··· · · · · · · ·· · · · ..· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · 110
··· · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·
The Chinese Quadrangle (四合院） 111
Bridges (桥梁）··· ·· · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · · ·· · · ·· · · · ·· · · ·· · · · · · · · ·· ·· · ·112
Underground Irrigation Tunnels (坎）L井）··.. · · ·· ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · ·· · .. · · ·· ·· · ·· · · 117
Stupas and Pagodas (塔）··· · · ·· · · ·· · ·· · · ·· · ·· · · · · · · · · · · · · · ·· · · ·· · ·· · · · · ·· · · · · · · · ·119
Beijing City Gates (:l七京城门）··..· ...· ..· .......· ...· ....................... ·124
Passes (关隘）............................. ·........... ·.................· ·········126
Lingxing Gate (才灵星门）................. ········································127
Hakka Castle-Like Dwellings (客家土楼） ..... ·............................. ·128
Eaves Tiles (瓦当） .... ·.................. ·..... ·.................... ·..... ·..... ·129
Cave Dwellings (窑尹） ..· ...........· ..· ..........................· · · · ... ······130
4