Thieme atlas of anatomy. Head and neuroanatomy

427 Pages·2011·57.95 MB·English

by  Michael Schuenke

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Head
and Neuroanatomy
THIEME
Atlas of Anatomy
Consulting Editors
Lawrence M. Ross, M.D., Ph.D.,
DepartmentofNeurobiologyandAnatomy
UniversityofTexasMedicalSchoolatHouston
Edward D. Lamperti, Ph.D.,
ImmuneDiseaseInstituteand
HarvardMedicalSchool
Ethan Taub, M.D.
NeurosurgeryDepartmentUniversityHospital,Basel
Authors
Michael Schuenke, M.D., Ph.D.,
InstituteofAnatomyChristianAlbrechtUniversityKiel
Erik Schulte, M.D.,
DepartmentofAnatomyandCellBiology
JohannesGutenbergUniversity
Udo Schumacher, M.D.,
FRCPath,CBiol,FIBiol,DSc,
InstituteofAnatomyII:ExperimentalMorphology
CenterforExperimentalMedicine
UniversityMedicalCenterHamburg-Eppendorf
In collaboration with Juergen Rude
Illustrations by
Markus Voll
Karl Wesker
1182Illustrations
72Tables
Thieme
Stuttgart · New York
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationDataisavailablefromthe Important note: Medicine is an ever-changing science undergoing
publisher. continualdevelopment.Researchandclinicalexperiencearecontinu-
allyexpandingourknowledge,inparticularourknowledgeofproper
ThisbookisanauthorizedandrevisedtranslationoftheGerman treatmentanddrugtherapy.Insofarasthisbookmentionsanydosage
editionpublishedandcopyrighted2006byGeorgThiemeVerlag, orapplication,readersmayrestassuredthattheauthors,editors,and
Stuttgart,Germany.TitleoftheGermanedition:Schuenkeetal.: publishershavemadeeveryefforttoensurethatsuchreferencesarein
KopfundNeuroanatomie:PrometheusLernatlasderAnatomie. accordancewiththestateofknowledgeatthetimeofproductionof
thebook.
Nevertheless, this does not involve, imply, or express any guarantee
Illustrators orresponsibilityonthepartofthepublishersinrespecttoanydosage
MarkusVoll,Fürstenfeldbruck,Germany; instructionsandformsofapplicationsstatedinthebook.Everyuseris
KarlWesker,Berlin,Germany(homepage:www.karlwesker.de) requestedtoexaminecarefullythemanufacturer’s leafletsaccompa-
nyingeachdrugandtocheck,ifnecessaryinconsultationwithaphy-
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andpublishersrequesteveryusertoreporttothepublishersanydis-
crepanciesorinaccuraciesnoticed.Iferrorsinthisworkarefoundafter
publication,erratawillbepostedatwww.thieme.comontheproduct
descriptionpage.
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Foreword Preface
OurenthusiasmfortheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomybeganwheneachofus, AsitstartedplanningthisAtlas,thepublishersoughtouttheopinions
independently,sawpreliminarymaterialfromthisAtlas.Wewereimme- and needs of students and lecturers in both the United States and
diatelycaptivatedbythenewapproach,theconceptualorganization, Europe. The goal was to find out what the “ideal” atlas of anatomy
andbythestunningqualityanddetailoftheimagesoftheAtlas.We shouldbe—idealforstudentswantingtolearnfromtheatlas,master
weredelightedwhentheeditorsatThiemeofferedustheoppertunity theextensiveamountsofinformationwhileonabusyclassschedule,
tocooperatewiththeminmakingthisoutstandingresourceavailableto and,intheprocess,acquiresound,up-to-dateknowledge.Theresultof
ourstudentsandcolleaguesinNorthAmerica. thisworkisthisAtlas.TheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomy,unlikemostother
atlases,isacomprehensiveeducationaltoolthatcombinesillustrations
Asconsultingeditorswewereaskedtoreview,foraccuracy,theEnglish with explanatory text and summarizing tables, introducing clinical
editionoftheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomy.Ourworkinvolvedaconver- applications throughout, and presenting anatomical concepts in a
sionofnomenclaturetotermsincommonusageandsomeorganiza- step-by-stepsequencethatallowsfortheintegrationofbothsystem-
tionalchangestoreflectpedagogicalapproachesinanatomyprograms by-systemandtopographicalviews.
inNorthAmerica.Inallofthis,wehavetrieddiligentlytoremainfaithful
totheintentionsandinsightsoftheoriginalauthors. SincetheTHIEMEAtlasofAnatomyisbasedonafreshapproachtothe
underlying subject matter itself, it was necessary to create for it an
We would like to thank the team at Thieme Medical Publishers who entirelynewsetofillustrations—ataskthattookeightyears.Ourgoal
workedwithus.HeartfeltthanksgofirtsttoKellyWright,Developmen- was to provide illustrations that would compellingly demonstrate
talEditor,andCathrinE.Schulz,M.D.,ExecutiveEditor,forherassistance anatomicalrelationsandconcepts,revealingtheunderlyingsimplicity
andcheckingandcorrectingourworkandfortheirconstantencour- ofthelogicandorderofhumananatomywithoutsacrificingdetailor
agement and availability. We are also grateful to Bridget Queenan, aesthetics.
DevelopmentalEditor,whoprovidedauniquelythorough,thoughtful,
andcooperativeapproachfromthemomentsheenteredtheprocessin With the THIEME Atlas of Anatomy, it was our intention to create an
theeditingofthisvolume. atlas that would guide students in their initial study of anatomy,
stimulate their enthusiasm for this intriguing and vitally important
WewouldalsoliketoextendourheartfeltthankstoStefanieLangner, subject, and provide a reliable reference for experienced students
ProductionManager,forpreparingthisvolumewithcareandspeed. andprofessionalsalike.
LawrenceM.Ross, “Ifyouwanttoattainthepossible,youmustattempttheimpossible”
EdwardD.Lamperti (RabindranathTagore).
EthanTaub
MichaelSchünke,ErikSchulte,UdoSchumacher,
MarkusVoll,andKarlWesker
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Acknowledgments
Firstwewishtothankourfamilies.Thisatlasisdedicatedtothem. WearegratefultoAntjeBühl,whowastherefromthebeginningasproj-
ectassistant,working“behindthescenes”onnumeroustaskssuchas
WealsothankProf.ReinhardGossrau,M.D.,forhiscriticalcomments repeatedproofreadingandhelpingtoarrangethefigurelabels.
andsuggestions.Wearegratefultoseveralcolleagueswhorendered
valuablehelpinproofreading:Mrs.GabrieleSchünke,JakobFay,M.D., WeoweagreatdeptofthankstoMartinSpencker,ManagingDirector
Ms.ClaudiaDücker,Ms.SiminRassouli,Ms.HeinkeTeichmann,andMs. ofEducationalPublicationsatThieme,especiallytohisabilitytomake
SylviaZilles.WearealsogratefultoDr.JuliaJürns-Kuhnkeforhelping quick and unconventional decisions when dealing with problems and
withthefigurelabels. uncertainties.Hisopennesstoalltheconcernsoftheauthorsandart-
istsestablishedconditionsforacooperativepartnership.
WeextendspecialthankstoStephanieGayandBertSender,whocom-
posedthelayouts.Theirabilitytoarrangethetextandillustrationson Without exception, our collaboration with the entire staff at Thieme
facingpagesformaximumclarityhascontributedgreatlytothequality MedicalPublisherswasconsistentlypleasantandcordial.Unfortunately
oftheAtlas. wedonothaveroomtolisteveryonewhohelpedinthepublicationof
thisatlas,andwemustlimitouracknowledgmentstoafewcolleagues
Weparticularlyacknowledgetheeffortsofthosewhohandledthisproj- whomadeaparticularlynotablecontribution:RainerZepfandMartin
ectonthepublishingside: Waletzko for support in all technical matters; Susanne Tochtermann-
WenzelandManfredLehnert,representingallthosewhowereinvolved
JürgenLüthje,M.D.,Ph.D.,executiveeditoratThiemeMedicalPublish- intheproductionofthebook;AlmutLeopoldfortheIndex;Marie-Luise
ers, has “made the impossible possible.” He not only reconciled the Kürschnerandherteamforcreatingthecoverdesign;toBirgitCarlsen
wishesoftheauthorsandartistswiththedemandsofrealitybutalso andAnneDöbler,representingallthosewhohandledmarketing,sales,
managedtokeepateamoffivepeopleworkingtogetherforyearsona andpromotion.
projectwhosegoalwasknowntousfromthebeginningbutwhosefull
dimensionswecametoappreciateonlyovertime.Heisdeservingof TheAuthors
ourmostsincereandheartfeltthanks.
Sabine Bartl, developmental editor, becamea touchstone for the au-
thorsinthebestsenseoftheword.Shewasabletodeterminewhether
abeginningstudent,andthusonewhoisnot(yet)aprofessional,could
clearly appreciate the logic of the presentation. The authors are in-
debtedtoher.
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To access additional material or resources available with this e-book, please visit
http://www.thieme.com/bonuscontent. After completing a short form to verify your e-book
purchase, you will be provided with the instructions and access codes necessary to retrieve
any bonus content.
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Table of Contents
Head
1 CranialBones 4 CranialNerves
1.1 Skull,LateralView .................................... 2 4.1 OverviewoftheCranialNerves ........................ 66
1.2 Skull,AnteriorView................................... 4 4.2 CranialNerves:BrainstemNucleiandPeripheralGanglia... 68
1.3 Skull,PosteriorViewandCranialSutures................. 6 4.3 CranialNerves:Olfactory(CNI)andOptic(CNII)......... 70
1.4 ExteriorandInterioroftheCalvaria...................... 8 4.4 CranialNervesoftheExtraocularMuscles:
1.5 BaseoftheSkull,ExternalView........................ 10 Oculomotor(CNIII),Trochlear(CNIV),
1.6 BaseoftheSkull,InternalView ........................ 12 andAbducent(CNVI)............................... 72
1.7 Orbit: BonesandOpeningsforNeurovascularStructures.. 14 4.5 CranialNerves:Trigeminal(CNV),NucleiandDistribution. 74
1.8 OrbitandNeighboringStructures...................... 16 4.6 CranialNerves:Trigeminal(CNV),Divisions ............. 76
1.9 Nose:NasalSkeleton................................. 18 4.7 CranialNerves:Facial(CNVII),NucleiandDistribution .... 78
1.10 Nose:ParanasalSinuses............................... 20 4.8 CranialNerves:Facial(CNVII),Branches................. 80
1.11 TemporalBone...................................... 22 4.9 CranialNerves:Vestibulocochlear(CNVIII).............. 82
1.12 SphenoidBone...................................... 24 4.10 CranialNerves:Glossopharyngeal(CNIX)............... 84
1.13 OccipitalBoneandEthmoidBones..................... 26 4.11 CranialNerves:Vagus(CNX).......................... 86
1.14 HardPalate......................................... 28 4.12 CranialNerves:Accessory(CNXI)and
1.15 MandibleandHyoidBone............................. 30 Hypoglossal(CNXIII) ............................... 88
1.16 TemporomandibularJoint............................. 32 4.13 NeurovascularPathwaysthroughtheBaseoftheSkull,
1.17 TemporomandibularJoint,Biomechanics ............... 34 Synopsis.......................................... 90
1.18 TheTeethinsitu..................................... 36
1.19 PermanentTeethandtheDentalPanoramicTomogram... 38
5 TopographicalAnatomy
1.20 IndividualTeeth..................................... 40
1.21 DeciduousTeeth .................................... 42 5.1 Face:NervesandVessels.............................. 92
5.2 Head,LateralView:SuperficialLayer.................... 94
5.3 Head,LateralView:MiddleandDeepLayers............. 96
2 MusclesoftheHead
5.4 InfratemporalFossa.................................. 98
2.1 MusclesofFacialExpression,Overview.................. 44 5.5 PterygopalatineFossa...............................100
2.2 MusclesofFacialExpression,Actions ................... 46
2.3 MusclesofMastication,OverviewandSuperficialMuscles. 48
6 OralCavity
2.4 MusclesofMastication,DeepMuscles.................. 50
2.5 MusclesoftheHead,OriginsandInsertions ............. 52 6.1 OralCavity,Overview ...............................102
6.2 Tongue:MusclesandMucosa.........................104
6.3 Tongue:NeurovascularStructuresandLymphatic
3 BloodVesselsoftheHeadandNeck
Drainage.........................................106
3.1 ArteriesoftheHead,Overviewand 6.4 OralFloor..........................................108
ExternalCarotidArtery.............................. 54 6.5 OralCavity:PharynxandTonsils ......................110
3.2 ExternalCarotidArtery:Anterior, 6.6 SalivaryGlands.....................................112
Medial,andPosteriorBranches....................... 56
3.3 ExternalCarotidArtery:TerminalBranches.............. 58
7 Nose
3.4 InternalCarotidArtery:
BranchestoExtracerebralStructures.................. 60 7.1 Nose,Overview ....................................114
3.5 VeinsoftheHeadandNeck:SuperficialVeins............ 62 7.2 NasalCavity:NeurovascularSupply....................116
3.6 VeinsoftheHeadandNeck:DeepVeins ................ 64 7.3 NoseandParanasalSinuses,Histologyand
ClinicalAnatomy..................................118
IX
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