Thesis Anna Gurun Final PDF
Preview Thesis Anna Gurun Final
University of Dundee DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Second-Wave Feminist Approaches to Sexuality in Britain and France, c.1970-c.1983 Gurun, Anna Award date: 2015 Link to publication General rights Copyright and moral rights for the publications made accessible in the public portal are retained by the authors and/or other copyright owners and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. • Users may download and print one copy of any publication from the public portal for the purpose of private study or research. • You may not further distribute the material or use it for any profit-making activity or commercial gain • You may freely distribute the URL identifying the publication in the public portal Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, and we will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. Download date: 13. Mar. 2023 Second-Wave Feminist Approaches to Sexuality in Britain and France, c.1970 – c.1983 Anna Gurun Thesis presented for the Degree of PhD University of Dundee December 2015 i Contents Abbreviations ...................................................................................................... iv Index of Tables ................................................................................................... vi Index of Images ................................................................................................. vii Acknowledgements ........................................................................................... viii Abstract ............................................................................................................... x Introduction ........................................................................................................ 1 The Politics of Sexuality ...................................................................................... 1 Writings on the British Movement ........................................................................ 6 Writings on the French Movement .................................................................... 12 Themes and Issues ........................................................................................... 18 Methods and Sources ....................................................................................... 21 Thesis Overview ................................................................................................ 27 Chapter One: Mapping the Movement ........................................................... 29 Early Days ......................................................................................................... 29 Social Profile ..................................................................................................... 30 Structuring Women’s Liberation ........................................................................ 34 Currents within the British Movement ................................................................ 37 Currents within the French Movement .............................................................. 43 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 50 Chapter Two: Abortion .................................................................................... 51 The Legal Situation in Britain and France ..................................................... 51 Britain ............................................................................................................... 55 The Context of Rights ........................................................................................ 55 From Male Involvement to Bodily Autonomy ..................................................... 58 Abortion, Class and 'Sexual Liberation' ............................................................. 64 The Feelings Behind the Slogans ..................................................................... 69 France ............................................................................................................... 73 'Notre ventre nous appartient': Abortion and Bodily Autonomy ......................... 73 ii Abortion, Illegality, and Class ............................................................................ 79 Entering the Public Sphere: From The 'Manifeste du 343 Salopes' to The 'Bobigny Trial' .................................................................................................... 85 Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 94 Chapter Three: Lesbianism ............................................................................ 95 The Broader Context of Lesbianism in British and French Society ........... 96 Britain ............................................................................................................. 100 Lesbianism and Gay Liberation ....................................................................... 100 The Right to A Self-Defined Sexuality ............................................................. 102 'Feminism is the theory, lesbianism is the practice' ......................................... 107 Lesbian Sexual Practices and Politics ............................................................. 113 France ............................................................................................................. 116 Lesbianism and the Front Homosexuelle d'Action Révolutionnaire (FHAR) ... 117 Lesbianism within the MLF: Les Gouines Rouges .......................................... 121 Lesbianism and Political Identity ..................................................................... 126 The Debate over Political Lesbianism within Question Féministes ................. 128 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 134 Chapter Four: Pornography ......................................................................... 136 The Broader Legal and Social Context........................................................ 136 Definition ......................................................................................................... 136 Legislation ....................................................................................................... 138 Britain ............................................................................................................. 142 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 142 Early Debates on Pornography and Censorship within the WLM ................... 143 The Moral Right and 'Sexual Revolution' ......................................................... 146 The Impact of an Image: Pornography, Violence, and Objectification ............ 150 France ............................................................................................................. 159 Introduction ...................................................................................................... 159 'Sexual Revolution' and the Public Space ....................................................... 160 Sexual Freedom? ............................................................................................ 162 L'Histoire d'O, Violence and Objectification ..................................................... 165 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 170 Chapter Five: Prostitution ............................................................................ 172 iii The History of Prostitution: Legislation and Debates in Britain and France ......................................................................................................................... 173 France ............................................................................................................. 179 The Occupation ............................................................................................... 179 The Occupation and Outsiders: The MLF and Le Mouvement du Nid ............ 186 L'affaire Barbara .............................................................................................. 193 Britain ............................................................................................................. 196 Feminism, Prostitution and Sexuality .............................................................. 196 Prostitute Activism ........................................................................................... 199 The Occupation ............................................................................................... 203 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 208 Chapter Six: Rape ......................................................................................... 210 Legislative and Judicial History of Rape in Britain and France ................ 210 Britain ............................................................................................................. 214 Feminist Approaches to Rape ......................................................................... 214 'All Men Are Potential Rapists’: Male Violence and Social Control ................. 217 Feminist Activism: Rape Crisis Centres and Protests ..................................... 222 Feminist Activism: Reclaiming Public Spaces ................................................. 227 France ............................................................................................................. 231 Feminist Approaches to Rape ......................................................................... 231 Feminist Activism: Class and Sexual Violence ................................................ 235 Feminist Activism: Rape and the Judicial System ........................................... 242 Conclusion ....................................................................................................... 248 Conclusion ..................................................................................................... 249 A Comparative Approach: The Context of Sisterhood .................................... 250 A Comparative Approach: Diverging Movements ........................................... 253 Looking Forward .............................................................................................. 255 Appendix I: The Seven Demands .................................................................... 257 Appendix II: Overview of French Feminist Groups .......................................... 258 Bibliography…………………………………………………………………………259 iv Abbreviations Britain Anti-Rape Group/Rape Action Leeds Revolutionary Feminist Group Group ARG LRFG Campaign Against Pornography L o n d o n R a p e A c t i o n G r oup CAP LRAC Consciousness-Raising National Abortion Campaign cr NAC Black Women For Wages For National Health Service Housework NHS BWFWH National Women’s Liberation Doctors For A Woman's Choice On Conference Abortion NWLC DWCA Prostitutes For The Reform Of English Collective Of Prostitutes S olicitation ECP PROS Feminists Against Censorship P rostitution Laws Are Nonsense FAC PLAN Gay Liberation Front R ape Crisis Centre GLF RCC Reclaim The Night RTN v Society For The Protection Of The Unborn Child Women Against Violence Against SPUC Women WAVAW Trades Union Congress TUC Women's Liberation Movement WLM Wages For Housework WFH Women’s Liberation Workshop WLW Women Against Rape WAR France Féminin Masculin Avenir M o uvement Pour La Liberté de FMA l'Avortement Et De La Contraception MLAC Front Homosexuelle d'Action Révolutionnaire Nouvelles Questions Féministes FHAR NQF Groupe Information Santé P s y chanalyse Et Politique GIS Psych et Po Le Mouvement du Nid Le Nid Questions Féministes QF Le Mouvement pour la Liberté de l'Avortement MLA Vive la Révolution VLR Mouvement de Libération des Femmes MLF vi Index of Tables Figure 2.1: Details regarding legal abortions performed in England and Wales. vii Index of Images Figure 0.1: Protest at the Tomb of the Unknown Soldier. Figure 2.2: ‘C’est tout de même chouette de vivre quand on est désiré’. Figure 2.3: Gisèle Halimi talking to the press outside the courtroom at the ‘Bobigny Trial’. Figure 3.1: FHAR group at May 1 Protest, Paris 1971. Figure 4.1: ‘Tooth and Nail’, Spare Rib, No.78, January 1979. Figure 5.1: Occupation of Saint-Nizier Church, June 2, 1975. viii Acknowledgements There are a lot of people to thank in the creation of this thesis. First of all, my (many!) supervisors who have helped me along the way. Prof. Perry Willson, Dr. Anja Johansen, Prof Callum Brown, Dr. Maud Bracke and Dr. Anna Bellavitis. I am lucky enough to have had many friends who have patiently listened to me moan and pushed me to see why it was all worth it. Everyone in Paris, who helped make my time there not only rewarding but fun; Michael Scott and Jen Wallace. Special thanks has to go to Emma Ward, not only for her proof- reading and book-finding skills, but also for being a vital source of friendship in so many ways. Julie Danskin, who has been an invaluable part of my life these past four years. Huge thanks are due for your edits and encouragements alongside your unflagging support and use of emojis. Finally, my family, without whom this thesis would never have been finished. Lara and Marc, and particularly my parents – Murat and Joan – whose love and support is essential in everything I do. It is to them that this thesis is dedicated.
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