Thermoset Resins for Composites. Directory and Databook PDF
Preview Thermoset Resins for Composites. Directory and Databook
I THERMOSET RESINS FOR COMPOSITES SECOND EDITION Trevor Starr C Eng FIM FBIM Mary Starr TECHNOLEX Consulting Engineers in Composites Technology Crewkerne Somerset TA18 7AY UK WOODHEAD PUBLISHING LIMITED Published by Woodhead Publishinq Limited Abinqton Hall Abinqton Carnbs CBI 6AH UK First edition published (1993) by Elsevier Advanced Technology ISBN 1 85617 196 5 Second Edition 1998 0 Woodhead Publishing Limited 1998 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy Of the information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. The information in this publication was obtained from sources which are believed to be reliable, but no warranty or representation as to its accuracy or completeness is hereby given or implied. Readers should therefore consider the information only as a supplement or guide for the purposes of research. It is recommended that they seek further more complete information from the named manufacturers or suppliers and to then undertake independent evaluation as to the suitability of any particular resin system for any particular purpose. At the same time the proper use, disposal, health 8, safety and protection of the environment implications in the use of the described resins, is outside the jurisdiction of this publication; such advice must be sought from the manufacturer or supplier concerned. British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 1 85573 406 0 Printed in Great Britain by Prestige Print Services, Crewkerne - PREFACE THERMOSET RESINS FOR COMPOSITES The matrix of a ‘reinforced plastic’ composites moulding, can be based on either a thermoplastic or thennoset polymer. Although there is a steadily increasing growth in the use of the former, the latter remains predominant. Indeed thermoset resin systems, coupled to glass reinforcement, have for nearly 60 years, been the work-horse of the composites industry. Both polymers are man-made materials, derived principally from coal or crude oil, and are large molecular structures comprised of rings of carbon atoms, linked principally to hydrogen and oxygen atoms and ‘chained’ together with others such as nitrogen, chlorine, sulphur, silicon and fluorine. A complex cross-linking of those chains is the backbone of thermosets. So when fully polymerised from the initial liquid to solid state, and unlike the thermoplastics, the thermosets cannot be induced by the action of heat and/or pressure to take up fresh shapes or be returned to mobile viscous liquids. That time- temperature dependant change into a irreversible solid state, promoted by chemical action, is the essential difference between the two polymers. That leads to other clear property distinctions, and those are in turn employed to advantage in respect of the variety of processing techniques open to the thermoset composites moulding fabricator, in satisfying a wide-ranging market application. As a consequence, thermoset resin selection to ensure optimum cost- effective component performance, demands careful comparison of the many high-quality competitive systems now available. Following from that, there was a need for a comprehensive volume to permit that rapid comparison. This second edition, built on the success of the first, has become necessary as a result of the continuing development of the world-wide composites industry. This has included, the entry of new companies, new and improved thermoset resin systems and moreover major and important changes in the whole manufacturer/supplier picture, since the first edition was published in 1993. Whilst retaining the comprehensive contact listing of all those companies in an initial directory section together with some basic understanding of thermoset chemistry, a change in the layout of the second part, has not only allowed more resin description and property tabulation within that databook section, but also a much more reader friendly, useful layout. iii GLOSSARYOF TERMS ACCELERATOR Also called a promoter or an activator, a low percentage chemical addition, typically a zinc or cobalt salt, made to a thermoset resin, with the action of speeding up the cure rate, i.e. reducing either (or both) the time and temperature at which cure takes place. BARCOL A number, typically between 25 and 50, which provides an indication of the hardness of a cured thermoset (but not for phenolics) resin - or laminate - and in turn the all-important cure condition which has been achieved. In general, the higher the Barcol, then the better the environmental and/or chemical resistance. CATALYST A low percentage chemical addition, frequently a peroxide, and also called a hardener, which promotes the cure of a thermoset resin. Typically it oxidises the accelerator to release the necessary free radicals which cause the molecular change associated with cure or polymerisation. COMPOSITE A moulding employing the fundamental principle of a fibrous reinforcement - typically glass, carbon or aramid - improving the properties of a matrix such as a thermoset resin, in which that - reinforcement is contained. The result is a homogeneous but unalloyed - mixture of normally only two, completely dissimilar materials which confer their distinct and respective properties to each other, without the loss of separate identity or characteristic. CROSS-LINKING The molecular mechanism where the long polymer chains initially formed on polymerisation, then link together into a fully integrated structure. CURE The layman's term for the timehemperatwe related molecular cross- linking process - known more correctly as polymerisation - which occurs when a thermoset resin changes from the typically viscous liquid to the solid state. This cure process is normally also promoted - - following chemical activation by a catalyst or often called, hardener addition. Other chemical accelerators may be added by the resin manufacturer, or alternatively added to the resin immediately prior to the catalyst addition. Cure can also be activated in other ways, such as by the influence of ultra-violet radiation. No by-products are formed during the formation of these long molecular cross-linked chain links. FLOWCOATS A thin, pure resin and sometimes pigmented finish, applied as a final operation to the reverse face only of a hand-laminated or spray- deposited thermoset composites moulding. The purpose is to seal, or offer further moisture and other protection to that irregular, fibre- textured surface. It prevents the reinforcement at the surface layer from becoming exposed during the components in-service life. To ensure that there is no residual surface tackiness, flowcoats often contain a small percentage of paraffin wax. vi - Gossary Of Terms GELCOATS A thin (0.40 - -.90mm: 0.016" - 0.035"), usually pigmented but unreinforced, basically pure resin layer, forming the exposed or working face of a thermoset moulding. Although typically polyester based, that may not always apply. Gelcoats provide a hard, decorative finish whose resistance to fading, colour change or ultra- violet radiation attack, can be further enhanced by the addition of optical and other stabilisers. As gelcoats are applied by either brush or spray as the first stage in the actual moulding process, they can also be readily textured, taking that pattern directly from the mould-tool surface which they accurately and faithfully replicate. Specialised gelcoat grades offer resistance to osmosis, chemical or other more severe corrosive attack. GEL-TIME Relates to the length of time that an accelerated and catalysed thermoset resin remains workable and begins to solidify. HARDNESS See Barcol. LAMINATE The term frequently applied to the total thickness of a thermoset composites moulding, particularly when fabricated by hand-lay, spray/projection, cold-press or resin injection (resin transfer) moulding techniques. However more correctly it should only refer to the fibre- reinforced portion of that total thickness and strictly speaking therefore, should not include the gelcoat, or when applicable, either the flowcoat or any other part or feature of the overall moulded component and its construction. POLYMERISATION The molecular process of forming long, continuous and cross-link polymer chains. THERMOSET Relates to resin matrices, which once changed by polymerisation from the initial liquid state, become an irreversible, infusible and environmentally-resistant, insoluble solid. WET-OUT A term which refers to the speed with which the thermoset matrix resin is completely absorbed by the fibre reinforcement, or in other words the speed with which that matrix completely replaces the air from around each filament, any void within that reinforcement, or other part of the composites formulation. vii TRADE NAMES As owned or used by the company shown. Additol Vianova Resins AG Hibuild SP Systems Ltd Ampreg SP Systems Ltd Hydropel Alphalowens-Corning Aquaguard A C Hatrick Chemicals Ltd impact Lilly Industries Inc Araldite Ciba Specialty Chemicals Impress Ferro (Holland) B V Armorcote Cook Composites And Polymers lsogels Ferro Corporation Aropol Ashland Chemical Co Ferro (Holland) B V Huntsman Chemical Co K-Lire Diab Group Australia Ltd Kara GTI Process Arotec Ashland Chemical Co Lord Lord Corporation Arotool Huntsman Chemical Co Lovocor Cook Composites & Polymers Australia Ltd Low voc Ferro Corporation Arotran Ashland Chemical Co Ferro Plastics Europe Atiac DSMoBASF Structural Resins Maxguard Neste Polyester Inc Reichhold Chemicals lnc Metalflake Polygard Inc Baydur Bayer Corporation Metlbond Cytec Engineered Materials Bayflex Bayer Corporation Microply YLA Inc Baytec Bayer Corporation Modar Ashiand Chemical Co Beetie BIP Ltd Norpol Jotun Polymer AS Bond-Cote Hawkeye Industries Inc Norsodyne Cray Valley BR Cytec Engineered Materials Norsophen Cray Valley BryteCor Brtye Technologies Inc Palatal DSMeBASF Structural Resins Cellobond Blagdon Cellobond Ltd Phencat Blagden Cellobond Ltd Chromocoat Nuplex Industries Ltd Polycor Cook Composites & Polymers Cleargard Polygard Inc Polyflex Naptha Resins & Chemicals Copperclad Ferro Plastics Europe Private Ltd comr Cytec Engineered Materials Polygrip Ashland Chemical Co Crestomer Scott Bader Co Ltd Polylite Reichhold Chemicals Inc crysric Scott Bader Co Ltd Polymar Marubeni Specialty Chemicals Inc Huntsman Chemical Co Polyrock Polydy ne Australia Ltd Prism Bayer Corporation Cycom Cytec Aerospace Ltd ProBond Diab Group Dara GTI Process Procast Reichhold Chemicals Inc Daron DSM*BASF Pro-Set Gougeon Brothers Inc Derakane Dow Chemical Co Resinf usion Ciba Specialty Dion Reichhold Chemicals Inc Reslpol Resisa Distigei Alusuise ltalia Red-set Georgia-Pacific Resins Inc Lonza SPA Resorciphen Borden Inc Distitron Alusuise ltalia Ripoxy Showa High Polymer Co Ltd Lonza SPA Rosk ydai Vosschemie GmbH Ditra GTI Process slnrr SP Systems Ltd Diviiette Diab Group Siimar Huntsman Chemical Co Durabulld Hawkeye Industries Inc Australia Ltd Hawk International Distributors Ltd lnterplastic Corporation Duratec Hawkeye Industries Inc Sirester SIR lndustriale Hawk International Distributors Ltd Skybond IST (MA) Corporation Durite Borden Inc Soma GTI Process Dynopoi Norpol Polymer Spabond SP Systems Ltd Endyne Cray Valley StYPOl Cook Composites & Polymers Envirez Ashland Chemical Co Swancor Swancor Industrial Company Ltd Epibond Ciba Specialty Chemicals Synolac Cray Valley Epicast Ciba Polymers Synoiite DSMeBASF Structural Resins Ciba Specialty Chemicals Tack’n Roil Bryte Technologies Inc Epocast Ciba Polymers Trina GTI Process Epon Shell Chemical Company Uitra 1 Ferro Corporation Epophen Borden Chemical UK Ltd Ultrachrome Futura Coatings Inc Eposeal SP Systems Ltd Ultraclear Ferro Corporation Eposerts Ciba Polymers Uitracore Futura Coatings Inc Estarez Hunstsman Chemical Co Uitraplus Ferro Corporation Australia Ltd Uitrash ield Ferro Corporation Fiberglass Fusion ITW Plexus Ultratooling Ferro Corporation Filabond Scott Bader Co Ltd Ultrathane Futura Coatings Inc Fireguard Scott Bader Co Ltd Uraiane Ciba Specialty Chemicals Fire PRF2 Borden Inc Ureol Ciba Specialty Chemicals FM Cytec Engineered Materials VariMac McWhorter Technologies Fuli Jiangyin Crabec Synthetic Viapai Vianova Resins AG Chemicals Co Ltd viscovoss Vosschemie GmbH GP Georgia-Pacific Resins Inc Wresipol Resinous Chemicals Ltd Glasgrip Ashland Chemical Co viii MANUFACTURERS, AGENTS, SUPPLIERS b DISTRIBUTORS All manufacturers whose products are tabulated within Part Two, Databook, are here listed alphabetically in - the left-hand column. To the right and shown by country together with the Head Office (in bold type), is listed their selling and distribution arrangements (sales office/s, agents, distributors and wholesalers), where advised. It should be noted that several companies shown as distributors, may also be manufacturers in their own right. The full address, telephone and facsimile numbers - inclusive of the country dialling code - plus where applicable their electronic numberls, of every company listed in this way, then appears (again in alphabetical order), in the concluding section of this Part One, Directory. The use of brackets thus (2), indicates the number of contact addresses within the same country or under the same name shown within that directory. A A C Hatrick Chemicals Ltd Australia A C Hatrick Chemicals Ltd New Zealand A C Hatrick (NZ) Ltd Fiber Glass International N.Z. (2) Adtech Corooration USA Adtech Corporation Akemi Inc Canada AdChem Adhesvies (2) Akemi Inc USA AdCo Akemi Inc BCL Engineering Inc GLS Fiberglass (1 3) Graco Supply Hastings Plastics Pontiac Plastics R P Morrison The Houston Co. AIoha/Owens Corning USA Alphalowens Corning (2) UK Hawk International Distributors Ltd Alusuisse ltalia SoA Italy Alusuisse ltalia SPA UK Maprac (UK) Ltd Ashland Chemical Company Canada Ashland Chemical Company FRP Supply Inc (5) Italy Ashland Chemical ltaliana Mexico FRP Supply Inc (2) Spain Sier SA UK Ashland Composite Polymers Ltd USA Ashland Chemical Company (4) Composite Materials Inc (9) FRP Supply Inc (43) Ashland Chemical HisDania Spain Ashland Chemical Hispania 3 - Manufacturers, Agents, Suppliers & Distributors B Bayer Corporation Canada Bayer Inc (2) USA Bayer Corporation (6) BIP Ltd Finland Bang & Bonsomer OY Germany Pultex GmbH Netherlands Firgos RPM BV UK BIP Ltd PP Composites Vetrotex (UK) Ltd (4) Blaaden Cellobond Ltd France COMAIP (Groupe Arnaud) Denmark ICOM Composites Netherlands Buchta Polymers Spain Fehling Downing UK Blagden Cellobond Ltd Vetrotex (UK) Ltd (4) USA FRP Services (America) Inc Blaaden Manufactured Chemicals Austria Pompe-Chemie Handelgesellschaft m.B.H & Co Belgium S.A. Socomer Denmark NS Kemitura France Keyser & Mackay Germany Keyser & Mackay Netherlands Keyser & Mackay Switzerland S A Upag AG UK Blagden Manufactured Chemicals Borden Chemical UK Ltd UK Borden Chemical UK Ltd Borden Inc USA Borden Inc Brvte Technoloaies Inc USA Bryte Technologies Inc C Ciba Specialty Chemicals Austria Ciba Polymere France SA Ciba-Geigy Germany Ciba Polymere Italy Ciba Polymeri Spain Ciba-Geigy SA Sweden Ciba-Geigy AB Switzerland Ciba Polymere UK B&K Resins Ltd (2) Ciba Specialty Chemicals USA Ciba Specialty Chemicals (2) Cook Composites & Polymers Finland Bang & Bonsomer OY Germany Pultex GmbH Netherland Firgos RPM BV UK Vetrotex (UK) Ltd (4) USA Cook Composites & Polymers (4) Composite Materials Inc (9) 4 - Manufacturers, Agents, Suppliers & Distributors Crav Valley UK Cray Valley Germany Cray Valley Allemagne Cray Valley Kunstharre GmbH (2) Netherlands Cray Valley Benelux Spain Cray Valley lberica France Cray Valley S A (4) South Africa Cray Valley South Africa S A Cvtec Industries Inc France Cytec Aerospace Ltd Germany Cytec Aerospace Italy Aeroteam Aer.MA.S Srl Spain Ricardo Gomez Gonzalet UK Cytec Fiberite Ltd USA Cytec Engineered Materials Inc (2) Cytec Industries Inc D Dow Chemical Australia Dow Chemical (Australia) Ltd Canada Dow Chemical Canada Inc Mexico Dow Quimica Mexicana SA de C V Netherlands Dow Information Centre Switzerland Dow Europe S A USA Dow Chemical Company DSMoBASF Structural Resins France DSM France SA Germany DSMoBASF Structural Resins Deutschland GmbH Italy DSM ltalia Euroresins ltalia srl Netherlands DSMeBASF Structural Resins DSM Resins bv DSM Resins International bv Euroresins Benelux BV Norway Fiber Kemi NS Spain DSM Espafia SA Euroresins SA Sweden DSM Scandinavia AB UK DSM Resins UK Ltd Freeman Distribution Ltd Dulux Australia Australia Dulux Australia (3) Fiji ICI Paints (Fiji) Ltd New Zealand PJ Hobbs Papua New Guinea ICI Dulux Papua New Guinea PTY Ltd (LAE) F Ferro CorDoration Canada Ferro Corporation Ferro Industrial Products Ltd Denmark Ferro-Danmark NS France Ferro Eurostar SA Ferro France SA Germany Ferro Plastics (Germany) GmbH Portugal Metal Portuguesa SA Spain Ferro Enamel EspaAola SA UK Ferro (Great Britain) Ltd USA Ferro Corporation (2) 5 Manufacturers, Agents, Suppliers & Distributors - Ferro (Holland) B V Netherlands Ferro (Holland) B V FiberCote Industries Inc USA Fibercote Industries Inc Fiberite Inc France Fiberite Europe GmbH Germany Fiberite Europe GmbH Italy Fiberite Europe GmbH UK Fiberite Europe GmbH USA Fiberite Inc (3) NB. Company acquired by Cytec Industries Inc as this volume went to press. Any company name changes have not been advised. Futura Coatinas Inc Belgium Futura Coatings Europe N.V UK Ureatech USA Futura Coatings Inc G Geornia-Pacific Resins Inc UK B&K Resins Ltd (2) USA Georgia-Pacific Resins Inc Gouneon Brothers Inc UK Wessex Resins & Adhesives Ltd USA Gougeon Brothers Inc GTI Process France GTI Process Gwil Industries Inc Canada Gwil Industries Inc H Hawkeve Industries Inc UK Hawk International Distributors Ltd USA Composite Materials Inc (9) Hawkeye Industries Inc Hawk International Distributors Ltd UK Hawk International Distributors Ltd HeDworth Minerals & Chemicals Ltd UK Hepworth Minerals & Chemicals Ltd HK Research Corporation UK PP Composites USA HK Research Corporation Huntsman Chemical Co Australia Ltd Australia Huntsman Chemical Co Australia Ltd (6) Synthetic Resins (6) I Interplastic Corporation UK PP Composites USA Interplastic Corporation (3) ITW Plexus UK ITW Plexus Europe USA ITW Plexus (2) 6
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