THERMOLUMINESCENCE-Light from Heat - American Radio History

94 Pages·2014·9.03 MB·English

MARCH, 1969
60 CENTS
THERMOLUMINESCENCE-Light from Heat
BANDWIDTH COMPRESSION FOR DIGITAL COMMUNICATIONS
A 50-MHz DIGITAL COUNTER
USE CONTROLS TO TROUBLESHOOT TV
t 1111110,
49i9 OW 013N3NINdS
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
°WWII 47ZLZ
NOSH r w
EC
M I 9470 L6O1L7 ONH ccol
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MARCH 1969 1
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MALLORY Tips for Technicians JJJLJ'lv_
Versatile Sonalert Signal
makes a great ingenuity tester
Crank up your inventive powers and put them to work
with Sonalert®, the low- drain, solid -state tone signal that
gives a big sound with just a few milliamp drive. More
than likely you can come up with some great ideas for
your shop, home or car. Ideas for fun, safety -and,
perhaps, profit.
Just to give you a few clues, let's take a look at the way
would -be Edisons turned Sonalerts into interesting ideas.
O G C O We've picked four ways in which others have used this
o
o O Oo new signaller for one application: liquid level alarm.
o tOringeg eorf tchierc suiimtsp loers tc oism ap lceoxm mpaeccth saynsitceaml dtehvaitc eres.q uAirlle sy onuo
have to do is install a glass or plastic tube on the unit's
o nose cone, and hook the Sonalert to a power source. (See
figure 1.) Insert the tube into the liquid to the level re-
quired for alarm. Since the tube is immersed, no sound
can escape. Once the fluid falls below the critical level,
Fig. 1- Trapped Sound System out comes a loud, clear, unmistakable signal. Here's an
ideal system for use in explosive atmospheres; Sonalert
produces no arcs or sparks.
Figure 2 shows a mechanically actuated system -float
and switch. It's made up by mounting a float ball on a
lever arm that actuates a plunger switch in series with
the Sonalert and power source. Reliability might be a
problem because of mechanical failures.
Fig. 2- Mechanical System For greater reliability, the simple electronic system
(figure 3) is hard to beat. Fluid acts as the switch to close
1 the circuit between Sonalert and the source. Just one
problem presents itself. The sound level from Sonalert is
proportional to current flow. If the liquid is not a
good conductor, current flow may be too low.
To overcome this limitation, a high output electronic
signal system was developed (refer to figure 4). Here
Fig. 3- Simple Electronic System t
frloawn sitsot orth Qe l Saocntsa laesr ta ilso wm raexsimstaunmc e assw iltocnhg; aansd tchuerrree nist
enough base current flowing through the fluid to hold
Q1 ON.
Here are four variations on one theme. Bet you can come
up with some great ideas on your own. Try. If you can't,
we've got more tips for you in booklet No. 9 -406 that's
yours for the asking at your Mallory Distributor's. It's 7
chock -full of information: how Sonalert works, ratings,
specs, mounting instructions and more tips. You can
write for a copy, if you prefer. Mallory Distributor
Fig. 4 -High Output Electronic System Products Company, a division of P. R. Mallory & Co.
Inc., Indianapolis, Indiana 46206.
DON'T FORGET TO ASK 'EM- Prdat a (Mad 6
íií9
CIRCLE NO. 100 ON READER SERVICE CARD
2 ELECTRONICS WORLD
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MARCH 1969 VOL. 81, No. 3
CONTENTS
25 Loudspeakers -Can We Measure What We Hear? Victor Brociner
Speaker designers measure their products in completely dead as well as
in reverberant rooms. Here is how the measurements are made and how
they are used to predict how the speaker will sound in your living room.
THIS MONTH'S COVER
"isL oreuladtsepd etaok eoursr -lCeaadn stoWrey 30 Recent Developments in Electronics
TMheea sreusrep onWshea tm eWaes urHeemaer ?n"t 32 Using Controls to Troubleshoot TV Don Motsudo
in the foreground shows Many color and black- and -white TV troubles can be diagnosed quickly
(lower curve) the perform- by noting the effect of the various controls on the picture -tube pattern.
ance of a developmental
speaker system as mea- 35 Strain Gages Come of Age Joseph Tusinski
sured in a reverberation
c
thhea mlebfte sr.h oTwhse itmopp rocvuervme enat 38 Low -Noise Receiver Performance Measurements Lee R. Bishop
i
snp ebaaksesr reiss pmonesaes uwrehde n int hea 40 A 50 -MHz Digital Counter Frank E. Cody
living room, while the top Precision digital counters have been very expensive, costing $2000 or more
curve at the right shows the and many are limited in frequency, sensitivity, and accuracy. Here's an in-
effect of substituting an on- expensive unit that compares quite favorably with the higher priced designs.
axis capacitor pickup micro-
phone. The larger speaker 43 Thermoluminescence -Theory & Applications Donald E. Lancaster
s
Sycsottet mS -1a2t , thweh ilec enthte r Sicso tat oWnh ethne caemrtaoiunn ti rroaf dtiahteeidr rmadaitaetrioianls. Tahreis hperaotveid,e sth ea yp opwroedrufucle tloigohl tf othr asto ldide p-setnadtes
S -15 is at the left. The three research, nuclear safety, medical dosimetry, and in archeological dating.
unmounted loudspeakers
are components used in the 47 Stop- Action Photos A. J. Lowe
company's speaker sys-
atet mtsh.e Thrieg hte sist ea quGipemneernalt 48 Series -Pass Regulators G. V. Fay
Radio 1350 -A assembly
comprising a beat- frequen- 49 Bandwidth Compression for Efficient Digital Communications
cy audio generator con- J. W. Stumpe
nected to a graphic -level
recorder, which draws the 80 Low -Cost Precision Scope & V. T. V. M. Calibrator Gory H. Lehmann
speaker- response curves.
Photo by Dirone- Denner.
84 Metal Boxes Built to Size Robert E. Brock
22 EW Lab Tested
Kenwood KA -6000 Stereo Amplifier
Publisher Ampex AG -600 -2 Tape Deck
PHILLIP T. HEFFERNAN
Editor 54 The Spirit of Leonardo John Frye
WM. A. STOCKLIN
Technical
M EILdTiOtoNr S. SNITZER 68 Test Equipment Product Report
Associate Edit
Wor.s
P .J . B.E VHAONEFZEIAR RDJaCecAltk as MoPnor doMedlou dWcetsPl -MC7R0oO0dA e-4l, 73O0s20cA0ill oPFsEocTwo peVer. O S.uMp.p lies
Contributing Editors
WALTER H. BUCHSBAUM
Prof. ARTHU
FRO RHES. T SEHI.D MBEALNT MONTIII.Y FEATURES
Art Edito
Er UGENE F. LANDINO 4 Coming Next Month 16 Letters From Our Readers
Art and Draft
Jin. gA . GOLANEK 5 Radio & Television News 60 Book Reviews
Advertis
JiOngS EMPHan aEg. eHr ALLORAN i 3 Reflections on the News 85 New Products & Literature
Advertising Service Manager
Associate PAuRbDliYs
LShA eRrC R. Y MSOPROARNN IElliencotrios ni6c0sm 60aWi1lo.i nrlgdO :n oef Pfiucybeeslai.Cr s Shoeupsdbyu rbsigcmshrciotrp inpt'èti.t hoioln1yn9 6 s9eb5 ryv6b iy.c0 Ze0Zi f.if a f- -nDDSdea vcvFioisos nr mdPP usbu Clbi3lSla5ihss7ishn 9gi:nP gCoP sooCtmraotgplmaen pyda.p naAyPid lla1 ncrtaei g.t h3BtC0so 7hur ielcdsNaegrorov.r ,et hdC .I olMllionirocaihdsio g aa8nn0 d3 A0av2te. . . adCdhiitcioagnoa.l
March, 1969 3
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Earn Your
COMING
DEGREE
NEXT MONTH
in Electronics!
The Grantham Electronics Degree Program
(available mostly by correspondence) is divided
into two main courses -(1) Electronics Engineer-
ing Technology, which leads to the Associate
Degree, and (2) Electronics Engineering, which SPECIAL ISSUE:
leads to the Bachelor Degree. The second course
is an extension of (or addition to) the first course,
both courses together making up the entire de- FILTERS
gree curriculum.
The Associate Degree Course Tahkeen ah aranndd oitm t os iga nafel eadntdh rpoausgsh itd tehvriocue ghw hai cshp e
rceimalo vneestw morokr eto nroeissteo.r eF isnoamllye, ogf ivites oitr igtoin a l sspheacpiea.l
The course in Electronics Engineering Tech- circuit which combs out the frequencies of interest. Filters do all of these things and more. In
nology, leading to the Associate Degree, con- next month's Special Section experts from Microlab /FXR, Collins Radio, ESC Electronics, Damon
sists of six semesters (or sections) and a final two - Engineering, Clevite, and Sprague give us a succinct explanation of the operation, characteristics,
week class of review and examination. All sec- and applications of varous types of filter units. In addition, we will find out what makes a
tions of this curriculum except for #3 are offered mechanical unit a good filter for sophisticated communications sets and why crystal filters are
by correspondence. Section #3 may be taken in best for certain applications. We will also be shown how transistors and RC elements can provide
residence, or credit for it may be given for at filtering without the need for inductors, and how to eliminate RFI /EMI problems.
least one year of fulltime experience as an elec-
terocnhincisc itaenc,h nyoicui amna. yT heuasr,n i fy yoouur aArses oacni aetle cDtreognrieces IPORNOOPSAPGHAETRIOICN - PREDICTIONS STHTER CEO NVCEERRSTU HS ALL
in Electronics without any resident attendance Frequency, temperature, radiation an- Stereo, like any other high-f idelity re-
except for a final two -week period of review and gle, and solar activity such as sunspots production process, has its limitations.
examination. or flares can improve the ability of the But, by knowing what these are, an as-
ionosphere to bend and reflect radio tute listener can make his home music
The Bachelor Degree Course waves back to earth. High solar activity system sound almost like a 56 -piece or-
The curriculum in Electronics Engineering (lead- tciaonn sa lnso isnyw akned l ounngr -edlisatbalnec. e communica- adnieds tprhaa sini nag caorne caelrsto hcaollv. erSetder. eo balance
ing to the Bachelor of Science Degree) includes
tailol no ft oth teh aAt,s soinccialuted eDs e2g1re0e lceosusorsnes ain da, divn aandcdeid- Ainl l ththee sAe prainl d ismsuaen yo f mEorLeE CinTteRrOesNtiInCg S anWd OiRnLfoDrm a. tiv. e . aornti clseasl e wMilla rcbhe y1o8uthrs.
mathematics and advanced engineering - and
also includes credits in English, Business, etc.,
which are to be earned in other colleges and ZIFF -DAVIS PUBLISHING COMPANY
transferred to Grantham.
The Grantham educational program in elec- William Ziff Frank Pomerantz
tronics places heavy stress on fundamental con- President Vice President, Creative Services
cepts of logic and mathematics rather than on W. Bradford Briggs Arthur W. Butzow
superficial manipulative skills. Since these fun- Executive Vice President Vice President, Production
damental ideas are largely unfamiliar to many Hershel B. Serbin Edward D. Muhlfeld
electronics technicians, it is necessary to develop Senior Vice President Vice President, Aviation Division
them in a systematic manner, before real ad- Philip Sine Irwin Robinson
vancement is possible. Financial Vice President Vice President, Travel Division
Accreditation and G.I. Bill Approval VWiaclete Pr rSe. sMidiellsn,t ,J rC. irculation AFudrmain isHterabtbi ve Vice President
Grantham School of Electronics is accredited by Stanley R. Greenfield George Morrissey
the Accrediting Commission of the National Vice President, Marketing Vice President
Home Study Council, is approved under the G.I. Phillip T. Heffernan Sydney H. Rogers
Bill, and is authorized under the laws of the State Vice President, Electronics Division Vice President
of California to grant academic degrees.
Grantham School of Electronics ONEendweit oYPriaoarlk k ,aA nNvde nwEu xeYe ocrukt iv1e0 0O16ff ices2 12 679-7200 9WB0eE2vS5eT rlEWyR iNHls ihOllsirF,e F ICCBaEol uifloervnaiard 90211
H1o5ll0y
(25w1 NTo3oe.) ldWe4,p6 eCh9sot a-en7lreief8n .: 7 E9A8s0v t0aeb2. l7i shoedr iWn 8a1s98(h5 2i1n0T 1g2e8)tlot eh2np 9S,h 8toDr -en.7Ce4.:t , 6 2N00 .0W0.6 3CMN0EhIidD7iWcw WaN eJgEosoYosStrOe,etT hrpRInE hlKl MR in AENiOoc.d hiFvsHOiFeg FaIra6CtlFn0ilEsoI6 Ci rAn0aEg1vn e Mn2u1ae2n3 1a62g7 e97r ,-2 76R2 -o0b80e9 r2t J. Ur C2J#PWA1oI4eR3Prs,t C AltCaeSUNnrRanLd:e kA sJuAPTtarvldamIaiOevgceweNas,ro t4YkiBs O-aai0on Fgu2gFSil6 dIhC5IMeisb;Er hau, BinkyCRaow ga-ldkeaousr rh,aM adBTawouon d ks2 8y i-Do01n 3e1,a406 n162 2. 2911.3
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4 ELECTRONICS WORLD
www.americanradiohistory.com
By FOREST H. BELT /Contributing Editor
news
Pay -TV Makes It
By its Fourth Report and Order, the Federal Communications Commission authorized nationwide sub-
scription television, known best as pay -TV or STV. The plan is for on -air telecasting, but wired -TV pay
systems aren't prohibited.
Home -electronics leader in STV is Zenith, who supplied its "Phonevision" equipment for the lengthy
Hartford, Conn. experiment. STV wasn "t notably successful in Hartford by most standards; only a few
hundred subscribers bought. But when compared with the mere hundreds it takes to make a CATV system
profitable, Hartford may have proved STV has a market. Zenith thinks so, and is pushing to have encod-
ing and decoding equipment ready by June 12, when the Order goes into effect. The new equipment can
handle color.
One expressed hope is that STV will save u.h.f. stations. It might. But it looks better for wired -TV op-
erators, although they have disavowed any intent to scramble some of their programs and charge the extra
fee for unscrambling. If they don't, they'll be ignoring a lucrative source of extra income.
The expressed purpose of STV is to provide "much improved" cultural and entertainment television, un-
interrupted by commercials. If the public pays for STV directly, STV operators should be held to their
promises; no commercials should be permitted.
Picking on Servicers
"See you in the funny papers" may be a fair greeting for service technicians. Within three days awhile
back, three different comic strips -all from the same syndicate- lampooned service people. Two of them
suggested improper charges. In the third, a TV technician was cast as a sweat- shirted, sleepy -eyed, and
slouchy individual, with cigarette dangling, who talked the housewife out of getting her set fixed.
If that's what the public thinks of service people, then the image is badly in need of repair. If that comic
strip comes even close to describing any service technician. then that technician should seriously examine
his own pride, his ability, and his reasons for being in this business. There are lots of other jobs where ap-
pearance doesn't count for much and where ability and willingness to fix things aren't needed.
Two CB's in Every Garage
We reported last month that Citizens Band sales might be picking up. Since that was written, a spokes-
man for the Electronic Industries Association has added another note. EIA would like to get CB radios into
the majority of cars in the U. S. Talk is, the Automobile Manufacturers Association may revive its pro-
posal to the FCC that two CB channels be set aside for automobile use exclusively. The FCC hasn't said
whether it will act this time or not. With industry effort to convince "CB- playboys" that the band is a use-
ful tool for convenience and safety, rather than a toy to annoy legitimate users with, EIA's goal could be
reached (if FCC doesn't wipe out the idea). Many accounts of CB's usefulness to highway safety have been
reported; collected and publicized, they might persuade an uninterested FCC or Congress.
Field- Effect Transistors Boom
In case you hadn't noticed, the FET is making a mark now on home -entertainment electronics. They're
still outnumbered by tubes and bipolar transistors, but they vie with integrated circuits for top billing in
new consumer gear. More than twice as many FET's are being sold than at this time last year, and volume
soon may triple. Prices keep coming down, which helps penetrate the OEM market.
FET's are great for test equipment, for hi -fi preamps, and in any spot that needs a high -impedance,
efficient amplifier. They've been introduced into TV tuners, and are popular in FM tuners. Their r.f. per-
formance is greatly improved over earlier versions. Biggest drawbacks now are power (they can't handle
much) and delicacy (they can't he handled much).
Keep Buyers Happy?
A true story: December 11th, Mrs. Brown (not her true name) bought a stereo record player -a well -
known and widely advertised make. With guests coming Christmas Day, she wanted music. The player was
March, 1969 5
www.americanradiohistory.com
;d
delivered the 20th. with a stack of new Christmas records. It didn't play at all, so it was taken back for
repair. Brought back again that afternoon, it played with some wow, but the dealer talked her into accept-
ing it that way until after the holiday. Next morning, it wouldn't play at all. The dealer came on Monday,
the 23rd, and again took it in. Brought it back, arid the turntable wouldn't turn. He fiddled with it awhile,
then took it away, promising to have it back by noon on the 21th. Christmas morning dawned- no player.
no music. Guests and family were disappointed.
New Year's Day. still no music. Repeated calls to the store January 2nd drew -eventually -a curt an-
swer: she could "take it like it is or leave it until (dealer) gets time to work on it." Phone calls to the dis-
tributor and finally the manufacturer merely disclosed that it was "the dealer's responsibility."
After two more weeks, it was delivered. Still had wow, sounded bad, and dealer said that's all he could
do with it. He told Mrs. Brown it was "her baby," that she couldn't expect much else from under -$100
models. they were just made that way. Better Business Bureau suggested it was too bad she'd paid cash.
It took a good technician barely 40 minutes to find and fix four troubles in the player. Only one of them
was original; the others were caused by inept servicing. The moral? Manufacturers should examine the
servicing ability of dealers. Dealers who can't sell are cancelled; why not those who cant service?
Another Color -TV IC
Zenith has a new integrated- circuit color demodulator in its spring line of color -TV sets. The new IC
comprises 19 transistors, 2 diodes, and 24 resistors on a ceramic base, all sealed in epoxy. Best news to
servicers is that it plugs into a socket instead of being soldered to a circuit board. And, to our surprise, it's
an ordinary 9 -pin tube socket. Other IC's for consumer products have 11 closely spaced leads of thin wire;
soldering is about the only \% ay to use them.
Toward Better Hi -Fi Listening
As we predicted, expect more emphasis on music this year. One contribution is a course called "Enjoy
Music More," planned and offered to students by H. H. Scott. The goal of the course is to deepen percep-
tion of the basic elements of music. It has instruction material and four long -play records. Students learn
about all kinds of music, from earliest musical sounds through modern electronic music.
Distribution of the complete course, including material for 30 students, is being handled by Project
Publications, Inc., New York, N. Y.
Quality in Tape Machines
Cassette players have held the news limelight lately, bitt there's no abandonment of reel -to -reel types.
Serious listeners still seem to prefer the quality of reel machines. In fact, the medium- and upper -priced
reel units appear with more features to attract buyers. As an example, a number of models offer four
playing speeds (from 15/16 to 7% in /s) ; two- and four -track modes; echo and reverberation built in;
sound -on -sound recording on a single track; edit facilities; and amplifiers which can be used alone for p.a.
sound reinforcement. All these features are "extras" that push cost up but are available only on reel -to-
reel machines. Add to that the fidelity advantage of reel players and they compete very successfully with
less expensive and less versatile cassette players.
Stereo cassettes are offering more competition than ordinary cassettes. Some well -known names in hi -fi
now supply cassette equipment. Ampex, Fisher, Ilarinan- Kardon, and II. H. Scott are examples. In some
of these, special narrow -gap heads are said to extend frequency response beyond 12 kHz- that's pretty
good for such slow tape speed.
Flashes in the Big Picture
A dozen Japanese companies have divided up chore of designing F1VI- stereo receiver on single IC chip;
thick -film hybrid technique will be used, with several chips on one substrate. ... National Commission on
Product Safety had funds cut; hearings go on anyway, though curtailed; consumer electronics can still
expect close look.... Neilsen (TV ratings firm) says people with color sets watch more than 10 etxra
hours of TV each week.... National Electronics Associations is alerting set owners that Certified Elec-
tronic Technicians are identified by small triangular lapel pin and ID card; expects program will assure
public of technically competent services.... Multiplex sound being considered for Japanese TV; not for
stereo, but for language dubbing (listen to language you prefer).... Watch shortly for announcement
of cartridge -type tape player that accepts all three types of cartridges (not cassettes).... McGraw-Hill
acquired National Radio Institutes. well -known electronics correspondence school.
6 ELECTRONICS WORLD
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