Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries: Volume 2

296 Pages·2022·7.063 MB·English

by  Pradeep Verma

Clean Energy Production Technologies
Series Editors: Neha Srivastava · P. K. Mishra
Pradeep Verma   Editor
Thermochemical and
Catalytic Conversion
Technologies for Future
Biorefineries
Volume 2
Clean Energy Production Technologies
SeriesEditors
NehaSrivastava,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,IIT(BHU)
Varanasi,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India
P.K.Mishra,DepartmentofChemicalEngineeringandTechnology,IIT(BHU)
Varanasi,Varanasi,UttarPradesh,India
Theconsumptionoffossilfuelshasbeencontinuouslyincreasingaroundtheglobe
and simultaneously becoming the primary cause of global warming as well as
environmentalpollution.Duetolimitedlifespanoffossilfuelsandlimitedalternate
energyoptions,energycrisesisimportantconcernfacedbytheworld.Amidstthese
complex environmental and economic scenarios, renewable energy alternates such
as biodiesel, hydrogen, wind, solar and bioenergy sources, which can produce
energy with zero carbon residue are emerging as excellent clean energy source.
Formaximizingtheefficiencyandproductivityofcleanfuelsviagreen&renewable
methods, it’s crucial to understand the configuration, sustainability and techno-
economicfeasibilityofthesepromisingenergyalternates.Thebookseriespresents
a comprehensive coverage combining the domains of exploring clean sources of
energyandensuringitsproductioninaneconomicalaswellasecologicallyfeasible
fashion.Seriesinvolvesrenownedexpertsandacademiciansasvolume-editorsand
authors, from all the regions of the world. Series brings forth latest research,
approaches and perspectives on clean energy production from both developed and
developing parts of world under one umbrella. It is curated and developed by
authoritativeinstitutionsandexpertstoservesglobalreadershiponthistheme.
Pradeep Verma
Editor
Thermochemical
and Catalytic Conversion
Technologies for Future
fi
Biore neries
Volume 2
Editor
PradeepVerma
DepartmentofMicrobiology,Bioprocess
&BioenergyLab
CentralUniversityofRajasthan
Ajmer,Rajasthan,India
ISSN2662-6861 ISSN2662-687X (electronic)
CleanEnergyProductionTechnologies
ISBN978-981-19-4315-7 ISBN978-981-19-4316-4 (eBook)
https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-19-4316-4
©TheEditor(s)(ifapplicable)andTheAuthor(s),underexclusivelicensetoSpringerNatureSingapore
PteLtd.2022
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The registered company address is: 152 Beach Road, #21-01/04 Gateway East, Singapore 189721,
Singapore
Dedicated to my beloved mother.
Preface
Thereisaneedtoexplorealternativestofastdepletingfossilfuelsinordertomeet
the global rise in energy needs due to increasing population and modernization.
Waste biomass (such as agricultural waste, forest waste) and algal biomass are
consideredtobeonesuchalternative.Apartfromthiswastebiomass,hybridenergy
cropscanalsobeconvertedtobiofuelanddifferent value-addedchemicals.There-
fore,differentbiomass-basedbiorefineriessuchaslignocellulosic,algal-based,and
foodwaste-basedbiorefineriesaredevelopedwhicharelateraimedtobeintegrated
biorefineriessimilartoconventionalpetroleumrefineries.However,theutilizationof
these biomasses for efficient high-value product generation is a multistep process
involving pretreatment, hydrolysis, fermentation, recovery, etc. The pretreatment
and hydrolysis of these biomasses are essentially required to break down complex
naturalpolymersintosimplecompoundsthatcanbeusedforfurtherconversionto
thefuelofhigh-valuecompounds.Thepretreatmentandhydrolysisarealsoconsid-
ered crucial stages of this biomass-based biorefinery and involve several thermo-
chemicalandadvancedcatalytictechnologies.Thisbookisanattempttoprovidean
account of biomass recalcitrance and available physical and chemical methods for
biomasspretreatmentandhydrolysis.Itfocusesonunderstandingthecriticalroleof
enzymes in the development of integrated biorefinery. The book also presents an
overview of the utilization of waste biomass as a support system for enzyme
immobilization for easy recovery and reuse for multiple cycles, strategies where
enzymescanbeused.Thebookalsoattemptstounderstandhowenzymescanplaya
vital role in waste valorization for energy and biomaterial production. Further, the
bookwillpresentanoverviewofhowadvancedtechnologiessuchasomicsandin
silicoapproachescanhelpinunderstandingthechemistryaffectingrecalcitranceand
themechanismofenzymecatalystsintheirbioconversion.Anunderstandingofthe
life cycle assessment of waste biomass biorefinery will be needed before its
vii
viii Preface
implementation. The book will serve as an additional reading material for under-
graduate and graduate students of energy studies, chemical engineering, applied
biotechnology,andenvironmentalsciences.Thisbookisofinteresttoacademicians,
scientists,environmentalists,andpolicymakers.
Ajmer,Rajasthan,India PradeepVerma
Acknowledgment
First of all, I would like to convey my gratitude to the series editor Dr. Neha
Srivastava and Prof. P.K. Mishra considering the submission of this book entitled
Thermochemical and Catalytic Conversion Technologies for Future Biorefineries-
VolIIunderthebookseriesCleanEnergyProductionTechnologies.Iamthankfulto
SpringerNatureforacceptingmyproposaltoactaseditorforthisbookvolume.This
volume of the book series is only possible because of the support from all the
researchers and academicians who contributed to the book; therefore, the editor is
thankful for their contribution. I would also like to thank my Ph.D. scholar,
Dr.BikashKumar,currentlyworkingasaPost-doctoralResearcheratIITGuwahati
for providing me with all the necessary technical support and editorial assistance
during the entire stage of book development. I am also thankful to the Central
University of Rajasthan (CURAJ), Ajmer, India, for providing infrastructural sup-
port and a suitable teaching and research environment. The teaching and research
experience at CURAJ has provided the necessary understanding of the needs of
academicians,students,andresearchersinabookthatwasgreatlyhelpfulduringthe
developmentofthebook
IamalwaysthankfultoGodandmyparentsfortheirblessings.Ialsoexpressmy
deepsenseofgratitudetomywifeSavitaandmysonMohakanddaughterNetrafor
theirsupportduringthedevelopmentofthebookandinlife.
ix
Contents
1 LignocellulosicBiomassValorizationandFateofRecalcitrant. . .. 1
AtulSrivastava,TanmayRohit,MeenakshiSingh,YaseeraBhombal,
SanjeetMehariya,ObulisamyParthibaKarthikeyan,
K.Chandrasekhar,andMurthyChavali
2 InsightintoVariousConventionalPhysicalandChemical
MethodsforthePretreatmentofLignocellulosicBiomass. . . . . . . . 31
BharatManna,ManaliDas,PradiptaPatra,andAmitGhosh
3 PhysicalandChemicalHydrolysisMethodsforBreaking
DowntheComplexWasteBiomasstotheFermentable
SugarsandValue-AddedProducts. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
KuldeepGupta,MuzamilAhmadRather,ParmanandKumar,
PritamBardhan,NikhilKumarMahnot,ManabendraMandal,
andRupamKataki
4 CriticalEvaluationoftheRoleofEnzymesintheIntegrated
Biorefinery. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 77
SumitH.Dhawane,ArkaGhosh,PiyushDwivedi,SnehaDey,
BiswajitKamila,andGopinathHalder
5 ProcessEfficacyinCassava-BasedBiorefinery:Scalable
ProcessTechnologyfortheDevelopmentofGreen
MonomerD-LacticAcid. .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. . . . .. 107
KiranKumarGali,PayalMukherjee,VimalKatiyar,
andSenthilkumarSivaprakasam
6 WasteDerivedSupportsforImmobilizationofLipaseTowards
EnhancingEfficiencyandReusabilityofEnzymes. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135
JoyitaMitra,BiswajitKamila,PraveenKumarGhodke,
GopinathHalder,andSumitH.Dhawane
xi