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Thermo Scientific Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual PDF

37 Pages·2012·1.1 MB·English
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Thermo Scientific Acclaim Surfactant TM Product Manual P/N: 065087-03 February 2012 Part of Thermo Fisher Scientific PRODUCT MANUAL for the ACCLAIM SURFACTANT GUARD COLUMN 4.3 x 10mm, P/N 063215 2.1 x 10mm, P/N 069693 3.0 x 10mm, P/N 071991 4.6 x 10mm, P/N 069701 ACCLAIM SURFACTANT ANALYTICAL COLUMN 5µm, 4.6 x 150mm, P/N 063201 5µm, 4.6 x 250mm, P/N 063203 5µm, 2.1 x 150mm, P/N 068123 3µm, 3.0 x 150mm, P/N 070084 3µm, 2.1 x 150mm, P/N 070085 ©2012 Thermo Fisher Scientific Document No. 065087 Revision 03 February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 2 of 36 Table of Contents SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION TO THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN ......................................... 4  1.1  FEATURES OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN ................................................................................... 4  1.2  ACCLAIM SURFACTANT OPERATING LIMITS AND SPECIFICATIONS ............................................................. 6  1.3  FORMATS OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN ................................................................................... 6  1.4  ACCLAIM SURFACTANT OPERATING CONDITIONS ....................................................................................... 7  1.5  KEY APPLICATIONS OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN .................................................................... 7  SECTION 2 – CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEM .................................................................................................. 8  2.1  DETECTORS ................................................................................................................................................. 8  2.1.1   Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) ........................................................................... 8  2.1.2   Suppressed Conductivity Detection (SCD) .................................................................................... 8  2.1.3   UV Detection ................................................................................................................................. 8  2.1.4  Mass Spectrometric Detection (MS) .............................................................................................. 8  2.1.5  Refractive Index Detection (RI) ..................................................................................................... 9  2.2   PUMPS ......................................................................................................................................................... 9  2.3   INJECTORS ................................................................................................................................................... 9  SECTION 3 - INSTALLATION ............................................................................................................................. 10  3.1  SYSTEM REQUIRMENTS ............................................................................................................................. 10  3.2   SYSTEM VOID VOLUME ............................................................................................................................ 10  3.3   THE INJECTION LOOP ................................................................................................................................ 10  3.4   COLUMN INSTALLATION ........................................................................................................................... 10  3.5   COLUMN GUARD ....................................................................................................................................... 10  SECTION 4 – OPERATION ................................................................................................................................... 11  4.1  MOBILE PHASE SELECTION ....................................................................................................................... 11  4.1.1   Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) ......................................................................... 11  4.1.2   Suppressed Conductivity Detection (SCD) .................................................................................. 11  4.1.3   UV Detection ............................................................................................................................... 11  4.1.4  Mass Spectrometric Detection (MS) ............................................................................................ 11  4.1.5  Refractive Index Detection (RI) ................................................................................................... 11  4.2  VALIDATING COLUMN PERFORMANCE ...................................................................................................... 11  4.2.1  Procedure for Validating Column Performance: ........................................................................ 12  4.3  EQUILIBRATING THE COLUMN ................................................................................................................... 12  4.4  QUICKSTART FOR ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN ................................................................................ 12  4.4.1  Using the chromatographic conditions for Column Quality Assurance Report: ......................... 12  4.4.2  Column Quickstart ....................................................................................................................... 12  4.5  CARING FOR THE COLUMN ......................................................................................................................... 13  4.6  CHEMICAL PURITY REQUIREMENTS ......................................................................................................... 13  4.6.1  Inorganic Chemicals .................................................................................................................... 13  4.6.2  De-ionized Water ......................................................................................................................... 13  4.6.3  Solvents ........................................................................................................................................ 14  4.7  MOBILE PHASE PREPARATION ................................................................................................................... 14  4.7.1  0.1 M Ammonium Acetate Buffer (1 L) ........................................................................................ 14  4.7.2  20 mM Sodium Borate Buffer (1 L) ............................................................................................. 14  4.7.3  20 mM Acetic Acid Buffer (1 L) ................................................................................................... 14  4.7.4  Mobile Phases Containing Solvents ............................................................................................ 14  Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 3 of 36 SECTION 5 – METHODS DEVELOPMENT ....................................................................................................... 15  5.1  IONIC STRENGTH ....................................................................................................................................... 15  5.2  MOBILE PHASE PH .................................................................................................................................... 16  5.3  ORGANIC MODIFIER ................................................................................................................................... 17  5.4  ION-PAIRING AGENT ................................................................................................................................. 17  5.5  TEMPERATURE .......................................................................................................................................... 17  SECTION 6 – APPLICATIONS ............................................................................................................................. 18  6.1  ANIONIC SURFACTANTS ............................................................................................................................. 18  6.1.1  Linear Alkylbenzene Sulfonates ................................................................................................... 18  6.1.2  Sodium Lauryl Sulfate .................................................................................................................. 19  6.2  CATIONIC SURFACTANTS ........................................................................................................................... 21  6.2.1  Cationic Surfactants with ELS Detection .................................................................................... 21  6.2.2  Cationic Surfactants with Suppressed Conductivity Detection .................................................... 22  6.2.3  Benzalkonium Salts ...................................................................................................................... 23  6.2.4  Quaternary Imidazolium Compounds .......................................................................................... 24  6.3  NON-IONIC SURFACTANTS ........................................................................................................................ 25  6.3.1  Ethoxylated Quaternary Compounds ........................................................................................... 25  6.3.2  PEG Monoethyl Ether (MW-550) ................................................................................................ 26  6.3.3  Triton X-100 ................................................................................................................................. 27  6.3.4  NEODOL 25-7 ............................................................................................................................. 28  6.3.5  ZONYL FSO Perfluorosurfactant ................................................................................................ 29  6.3.6  Polyethylene Glycols (PEG) ........................................................................................................ 30  6.4  SURFACTANTS IN COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS .............................................................................................. 31  6.4.1  Laundry Detergent ....................................................................................................................... 31  6.4.2  Shampoo ...................................................................................................................................... 32  6.4.3  Fabric Softener ............................................................................................................................ 33  SECTION 7 – TROUBLESHOOTING GUIDE .................................................................................................... 34  7.1  HIGH BACKPRESSURE ............................................................................................................................... 34  7.1.1  Finding the Source of High System Pressure .............................................................................. 34  7.2 HIGH BACKGROUND OR NOISE .................................................................................................................. 35  7.2.1 Preparation of Mobile Phases ........................................................................................................... 35  7.2.2 A Contaminated Guard or Analytical Column .................................................................................. 35  7.2.3 Contaminated Hardware ................................................................................................................... 35  7.3 POOR PEAK RESOLUTION ........................................................................................................................... 35  7.3.1 Loss of Column Efficiency ................................................................................................................. 35  7.3.2   Poor Resolution Due to Shortened Retention Times .................................................................... 36  7.3.3 Loss of Front End Resolution ............................................................................................................ 36  Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 4 of 36 SECTION 1 – INTRODUCTION TO THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN 1.1 FEATURES OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN The Acclaim Surfactant column is a specialty silica-based column that incorporates a proprietary bonding chemistry developed specifically for the separation of surfactants. The separation mechanism of the Acclaim Surfactant is a combination of reversed phase, anion-exchange, and dipole-dipole interactions. The Acclaim Surfactant column offers ideal selectivity and unprecedented capability for separating cationic, nonionic, and anionic surfactants in a single chromatographic run, using simple and volatile (MS compatible) mobile phases. Acclaim Surfactant columns consist of 5-μm,or 3-µm, high purity spherical silica particles with 120 Ǻ diameter pores bonded with proprietary functional groups, which provide unsurpassed resolution and peak symmetry for a variety of surfactants, as shown in Figure 1. The Acclaim Surfactant column provides several features: • Ideal selectivity for simultaneous separation of anionic, nonionic and cationic surfactants • Excellent peak shapes for cationic surfactants • Improved resolution for oligomers of ethoxylated surfactants • Compatibility of highly aqueous mobile phase conditions • Proven chromatographic conditions suitable for various detection methods (ELSD, UV, conductivity detection, etc.) • Broad range of applications Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 5 of 36 Column: Acclaim Surfactant, 5 µm Dimensions: 4.6 x 150 mm Mobile phase: A –ACN, B- 0.1 M NHOAc, pH 5.4 4 Gradient: 25% to 85% A in 30 min., then hold for 10 min Temperature: 30 °C Flow rate: 1 mL/min Injection vol.: 25 µL Detection: ELS Detector Analytes: 1. Xylene sulfonate 3 2. Lauryldimethylbenzyl ammonium chloride 3. Octylphenoxyethoxyethyl mV dimethylbenzylammonium 2 chloride 4. Triton X-100 5. Decylsulfate 6 6. Dodecylsulfate 7-10. Dodecylbenzene sulfonate 8 1 5 9 4 7 10 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 Minutes Figure 1 Separation of Cationic, Nonionic, and Anionic Surfactants Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 6 of 36 1.2 ACCLAIM SURFACTANT OPERATING LIMITS AND SPECIFICATIONS Column Max Recommended Stationary Phase Particle size P/N Typical Flow Rate Dimensions Pressure 2.1x150 mm 070085 5500 psi 0.2 - 0.5 mL/min 3 µm 3.0x150 mm 070084 5500 psi 0.4 - 1.0 mL/min Surfactant 2.1x150 mm 066866 5000 psi 0.2 - 0.5 mL/min 5 µm 4.6x150 mm 063201 5500 psi 0.8 - 2.0 mL/min 4.6x250 mm 063203 5500 psi 0.8 - 2.0 mL/min Shipping Solution: Acetonitrile / 0.1% Acetic Acid v/v 80/20 Storage Solution: Acetonitrile / 0.1% Acetic Acid v/v 80/20 Buffer pH Range: pH 2.5–7.5 Solvents: Acetonitrile, Methanol Temperature Range: <60 °C Physical Bonding: Proprietary Endcapping: Yes % C: 12 Pore size: 120 Å Surface area: 300 m2/g Particle size: 5 µm 1.3 FORMATS OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN Column Acclaim Surfactant Particle size P/N Dimensions 2.1x150 mm 070085 3 µm 3.0x150 mm 070084 Analytical 2.1x150 mm 068123 5 µm 4.6x150 mm 063201 4.6x250 mm 063203 Requires Holder P/N 4.3 x 10mm 063215 059456 Requires Holder V-2 2.1 x 10mm 069693 P/N 069580 Guard 5µm Requires Holder V-2 3.0 x 10mm 071991 P/N 069580 Requires Holder V-2 4.6 x 10mm 069701 P/N 069580 Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 7 of 36 1.4 ACCLAIM SURFACTANT OPERATING CONDITIONS The recommended pH range for Acclaim Surfactant columns is between pH 2.5 – 7.5. They are compatible with mobile phases containing 0–100% HPLC solvents, such as methanol or acetonitrile. The Acclaim Surfactant can be operated at any flow rate, as long as the backpressure remains below its recommended maximum pressure (see section 1.2). When setting up the analytical system, please be sure to check the special precautions listed in Section 3, “Installation”. 1.5 KEY APPLICATIONS OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN The Acclaim Surfactant column is a valuable tool for the analysis of all types of sample matrix, including food and beverages, pharmaceuticals, chemicals, and environmental samples. Applications by Class of Compounds: • Anionic surfactants • Cationic surfactants • Non-ionic surfactants • Amphoteric surfactants Application by Industries: • Food and beverages • Pharmaceuticals • Chemicals • Semiconductors • Environmental Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 8 of 36 SECTION 2 – CHROMATOGRAPHY SYSTEM Typical Flow Rate: Please refer to Section 1.2 Injection Volume: 5–50 µL for the 4.6mm ID, 2-20 µL for the 3.0mm ID, and 1-10 µL for the 2.1mm ID System Void Volume: Minimize the lengths of all connecting tubing and remove all unnecessary switching valves and couplers. Pumps: Any HPLC pump capable of delivering gradients Detectors: UV, Conductivity, ELSD, MS, RI 2.1 DETECTORS The Acclaim surfactant column is compatible with a variety of detectors and UV, ELSD and RI detectors. Example applications using each of these detectors are shown in Section 6 “Applications”. 2.1.1 Evaporative Light Scattering Detection (ELSD) When different surfactants are present in the sample with concentrations of no less than 50 ppm for each individual surfactant, ELSD is a good option. ELSD is a universal detection method that is compatible with gradient methods and is far more sensitive than RI. In addition, methods developed with ELSD can be easily transferred to LC-ESI- MS applications with little or no modification, because both detectors share the same mobile phase requirements. A UV detector can serve as a complementary tool and, if chosen, should be placed between the analytical column and ELSD. 2.1.2 Suppressed Conductivity Detection (SCD) Suppressed conductivity detection can also be used for surfactant analysis and provides certain advantages for analyzing trace levels ionic surfactants in complex matrices. In fact, when analyzing ionic surfactants, especially at low concentrations (below 10 ppm), conductivity detection using a Dionex PEEK system, equipped with a gradient pump, electrochemical detector, MMS suppressor, and conductivity cell, is the best approach. Eluents for the separation of surfactants using conductivity detection include borate buffer and acetic acid. If required, a UV detector can serve as a complementary tool that should be placed between the analytical column and the MMS suppressor. 2.1.3 UV Detection UV absorbance is the most popular detection method in HPLC, due to its ease of use and sensitivity. The drawback with this approach is that the analyte must have a chromophore to be detected and many surfactants do not. The UV detector can be used alone or with other detectors. 2.1.4 Mass Spectrometric Detection (MS) Mass spectrometry (MS) is an inherently sensitive and universal method and has become the widely accepted tool for characterization of organic compounds. The soft ionization techniques, such as electrospray ionization (ESI), have greatly increased the applicability of MS detection to surfactant analysis. MS detectors are the detector of choice when less than 1 ppm individual surfactant is present and/or identification is required. Mass spectrometry compatible methods using ammonium acetate and acetonitrile have been developed. They are shown in Section 6, “Applications” in this manual. Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012 Acclaim Surfactant Product Manual Page 9 of 36 MS detection can be used in series with other detectors, such as UV. Place the UV detector between the column and the MS or ELSD. 2.1.5 Refractive Index Detection (RI) Although refractive index (RI) detection is a universal detection method capable of detecting all analytes, it is incompatible with gradient methods, exhibits low sensitivity, and thus is typically only used when other detection methods are not applicable or available. 2.2 PUMPS Any HPLC pump can be used for the separation of surfactants with the Acclaim surfactant column. However, if suppressed conductivity detection is chosen, a PEEK pump from Dionex is recommended. 2.3 INJECTORS Either an autosampler or a manual injector can be used for sample injection. Document 065087 Rev. 03 © Thermo Fisher Scientific February 2012

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FORMATS OF THE ACCLAIM SURFACTANT COLUMN . Cationic Surfactants with Suppressed Conductivity Detection .
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