thermal engineering of steel alloy systems

619 Pages·2012·34.21 MB·English

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COMPREHENSIVE MATERIALS
PROCESSING
EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
Saleem Hashmi
Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
ASSOCIATE EDITORS-IN-CHIEF
Gilmar Ferreira Batalha
University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
Chester J. Van Tyne
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
Bekir Yilbas
King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia
VOLUME 12
THERMAL ENGINEERING OF STEEL ALLOY SYSTEMS
VOLUME EDITOR
George Krauss
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
AMSTERDAM•BOSTON•HEIDELBERG•LONDON•NEWYORK•OXFORD
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Elsevier
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EDITOR-IN-CHIEF
SaleemHashmigraduatedfromEastPakistanUniversityofEngineeringandTechnologyin1967,
andin1972hecompletedhismaster’sandPhDdegreesfromtheUniversityofManchester.He
wasappointedasapostdoctoralfellowwithUMIST,Manchester,inJanuary1973,andinOctober
1973, he joined Sheffield Hallam University as a lecturer. In 1976, he was promoted to senior
lecturer,thentoprincipallecturerin1977,andtoreaderin1984.
InJanuary1987,ProfessorHashmifoundedtheSchoolofMechanical&ManufacturingEngi-
neering at Dublin City University. While in the process of establishing this school, he attracted
substantialexternalresearchfundingtosetuptheMaterialProcessingResearchCentre(MPRC),
a research center of excellence in the field of material processing. To this day, he continues his
affiliationwithDublinCityUniversityasanemeritusprofessorintheschoolhefounded27yearsago.
In 1990, Professor Hashmi established Advances in Materials and Processing Technologies
(AMPT),amuchneededinternationalconferenceinmaterialsprocessing.Hecontinuestobethe
ChairpersonoftheSteeringCommitteeforthisseriesofconferences.In1998,hewasappointed
as editor-in-chief of Elsevier Journal of Material Processing Technology and continued in this role
until2008.
In1995,ProfessorHashmiwasawardedthehigherdoctoratedegreeofDSc,bytheUniversityof
Manchester,thehighestacademicdegreeanyuniversityintheUnitedKingdomcanaward.
ProfessorHashmihassupervisedorco-supervised110PhDand55MEngresearchstudentstosuccessfulcompletion.Overtheyears,
hehasalsoactedasanexternalexaminerandexpertassessorforPhDcandidatesandengineeringdepartmentswithuniversitiesinIreland,
theUnitedKingdom,India,Pakistan,Bangladesh,HongKong,Canada,Australia,andMalaysia.HeisaCharteredEngineer(CEng),aFellow
of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, UK (FIMechE) and also a Fellow of the Institution of Engineers of Ireland (FIEI). He has
publishedover430papersand12booksandisstillpublishing.
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EDITORIAL BOARD
ChesterJ.VanTyneistheFIERF(ForgingIndustryEducationandResearchFoundation)professor
at Colorado School of Mines (CSM) in Golden, Colorado. He received his undergraduate and
graduatedegreesfromLehighUniversityandworkedforBethlehemSteelasaresearchengineerfor
a short period before joining Lafayette College in the Metallurgical Engineering Department as
aprofessorin1980.In1988,hejoinedtheMetallurgicalandMaterialsEngineeringDepartmentat
CSM. He is actively engaged in the research operations of the Advanced Steel Processing and
Products Research Center at CSM. His research interests are in metal deformation processes
especiallyforging,sheetstamping,andfrictionduringmetalworkingoperations.
GilmarF.BatalhagraduatedasamechanicalengineerfromtheUniversityofBrasiliain1982.He
completedhisMScinMechanicalEngineeringattheFederalUniversityofSantaCatarina(1987),
his PhD in Mechanical Engineering (1995) and habilitation/livre-docencia in manufacturing
processes(2010)attheDepartmentofMechatronicsandMechanicalSystems,PolytechnicSchool
ofEngineering,UniversityofSaoPaulo,wherehehasbeenatenuredprofessorsince1989.Hehas
hadpostdoctoralresearchexperienceattheFriedrichAlexanderUniversityErlangen–Nuremberg,
Germany(1997–98).HewasavisitingprofessoratEcoleCentraledeLille,France(2004–06),and
attheFacultyofMechanicalEngineeringoftheSilesianUniversityofTechnology,Gliwice,Poland
(2012–13).HeservedasanadjunctprofessorattheFacultyofEngineering,UDESC,Joinville,Brazil
(1984–89).HehasbeenanadvisoronseveralPhDthesesandmaster’sdissertations,coordinator
of the Laboratory of Manufacturing Engineering of the EPUSP, and is responsible for several
internationalandnationalcooperationagreementsforexchangeofstudentsandresearchersaswell
as for consultancy with the industry. He is the volume editor for the Materials Modeling and
CharacterizationvolumeinElsevier’sComprehensiveMaterialsProcessingseries.
SergioT.ButtonreceivedhisPhDinMechanicalEngineeringfromSchoolofMechanicalEngi-
neering,UniversityofCampinas,Brazil,in1990.HeiscurrentlyfullprofessorofManufacturing
Processes at the University of Campinas. His main research fields include metal forming and
numericalsimulation.Currently,hisresearchisfocusedoncrosswedgerollingandhotstamping.
Heisthecoauthorof2booksandmorethan100papersininternationaljournalsandconferences.
Heistheeditorandreviewerofmanyinternationaljournals,andparticipatesintheorganizationof
threenationalandinternationalscientificconferences.
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viii Editorial Board
DavidCameroniscurrentlyscientificadvisortoMiktechOy,Finland,andadjunctprofessorin
DublinCityUniversity,Ireland.From2003to2013,hewasprofessorofMaterialTechnologyin
Lappeenranta University of Technology, Finland, where he established the Advanced Surface
Technology Research Laboratory (ASTRaL). He obtained his doctorate from the University of
Glasgow in 1980 and has spent his research career working on thin-film technology. He was
aseniorresearchfellowattheRoyalSignalsandRadarEstablishmentintheUnitedKingdomuntil
1982whenhejoinedtheSchoolofElectronicEngineeringatDublinCityUniversity,becoming
associateprofessor.Hisresearchfocusisonatomiclayerdepositionanditsindustrialization.
Joseph A. McGeough is an honorary professorial fellow in the School of Engineering at the
UniversityofEdinburgh.HeisagraduatefromtheuniversitiesofGlasgow(BScandPhD)and
Aberdeen(DSc).HeheldresearchappointmentsattheuniversitiesofLeicester,Queensland,and
Strathclyde. As a student he gained numerous county, university, and national championship
athleticawards.Hisindustrialtrainingbeganasanundergraduatevacationapprenticeforafirmof
electricalcontractorsbasedatICIltdNobelDivision,andhesubsequentlyundertookpostgraduate
experienceatInternationalResearchandDevelopment,NewcastleuponTyne,beforereturningto
university service. He was successively a lecturer, senior lecturer, and reader in Engineering at
Aberdeen University, and then moved to Edinburgh University to take up its Regius Chair of
Engineering.Hisresearchworkhasdealtmainlywithmanufacturingprocessesforwhichhehas
been awarded Institution of Mechanical Engineers and the Society for Underwater Technology
prizes.HehasbeentherecipientofaRoyalSociety/SERC(ScienceandEngineering(nowEngi-
neeringandPhysicalSciences)ResearchCouncil)IndustrialFellowshipin ordertotransferthe
resultsofhisresearchtoindustry.HispublicationsincludePrinciplesofElectrochemicalMachining,
AdvancedMethodsofMachining,andMicromachiningofEngineeringMaterials(editor).Hislatestbook
isTheEngineeringofHumanJointReplacements(2013),whichcontainsdetailsofthematerialsand
manufacturingprocessesusedinthisfield.HeisafellowoftheInstitutionofMechanicalEngi-
neers,InternationalAcademyforProductionEngineering,RoyalSocietyofEdinburgh,andRoyal
AcademyofEngineering.
EminBayraktarisafulluniversityprofessorandresearchdirectoratSupmeca/Paris,Schoolof
Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Paris, France. He was awarded a PhD degree in
MechanicalEngineeringbyIST/OSUandasecondPhDdegreeinMaterialsScienceandEngi-
neeringinParis. Subsequently,ProfessorBayraktar wasawardedahigherdoctoratedegreeof
habilitation (DSc) in Mechanics of Materials in recognition of his research contributions at
Paris6,UniversityMarie-Curie.Histeachingandresearchexpertiseliesontheprocessingand
manufacturingofthecompositematerialsanddamageanalysis.Recentlyhehasbeenappointed
asanadjunctprofessorinUNICAMP-Campinas,Brazil,onthenewdesignofcompositesforthe
applicationinaeronauticalengineering.Heisontheeditorialboardofanumberofscientific
journals.HeisalsoamemberoftheSteeringCommitteefortheInternationalConferenceSeries
onAdvancesinMaterialsandProcessingTechnologies(AMPT).
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Editorial Board ix
BekirS.YilbasreceivedhisPhDdegreeinMechanicalEngineeringfromBirminghamUniversity.
HewasawardedtheDoctorofEngineeringdegreein2005byBirminghamUniversityduetohis
significantcontributiontohisfieldofstudy.Hehaspublished375journalpapersinreputable
internationaljournalsandpresentedover60papersatinternationalconferences.Hehasserved
asaneditorialboardmemberofinternationaljournals,includingInternationalJournalofMachine
Tool and Manufacture Design, Research and Application, International Journal of Subsurface Sensing
Technologies and Applications, Journal of Materials Processing Technology, Journal of Achievements in
MaterialsandManufacturingEngineering,InternationalJournalofNanomanufacturing,andArchivesof
MaterialsScienceandEngineering.Hehasreceivednumerousawardsinrecognitionofhisresearch
work.
NabilBassimwasbornandraisedinCairo,Egypt.Dr.BassimreceivedaBScinChemicalEngi-
neeringfromCairoUniversityin1965.HewenttotheUniversityofVirginia,UnitedStates,where
hereceivedhisMScinChemicalEngineering(NuclearEngineeringoption),andaPhDinMaterials
Sciencein1973.HemovedtoCanadawhereheisnowprofessorofMaterialsScienceandEngi-
neering at the University of Manitoba. He served for years as associate dean of research at the
Faculty of Engineering and was director of International Programs for the faculty. His areas of
researchinterestincludemechanismsandmechanicsofplasticdeformation,dislocationtheory,
fractureandfatigue,andnondestructiveevaluations.Hehaspatentsontheuseofacousticemission
formonitoringofstructures.Healsohasaninterestinstudyingthebehaviorofmaterialsathigh
strainratesandlargestrainsastheyaffectprocessessuchasmetalformingandmachining.Hehas
publishedover120papersandsupervisednumerousMScandPhDtheses.
Syed H. Masood is professor of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering at Swinburne
UniversityofTechnologyinMelbourne,Australia,whereheisalsotheprogramcoordinatorofthe
master’sprograminadvancedmanufacturingtechnology.HeobtainedhisPhDfromtheUniversity
ofQueensland,Australia;MEngfromtheUniversityofNewBrunswick,Canada;PGDipfromIIT
Delhi;andBScEngHonsfromAligarhMuslimUniversity,India.ProfessorMasoodhasworked
previouslyatCentralQueenslandUniversity,Rockhampton,andPNGUniversityofTechnology,
PapuaNewGuinea.Hehaspublishedover275technicalarticlesininternationaljournals,books,
andconferencesindifferentareasofadvancedmanufacturing.Hiscurrentresearchinterestsinclude
additive manufacturing technologies, especially fused deposition modeling and direct metal
deposition,plasticsmanufacturingprocesses,materialdevelopment,andmaterialcharacterization.
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x Editorial Board
Mustafizur Rahman is currently a professor at the Department of Mechanical Engineering at
NationalUniversityofSingapore(NUS),andhasbeenwithNUSsince1982.HeobtainedhisBSc
inEngineeringfromBangladeshUniversityofEngineeringandTechnology(BUET),MEngandPhD
fromTokyoInstituteofTechnology,Japan.Hisresearchinterestsincludemicro-/nanomachining,
designanddevelopmentofminiaturemachinetoolsanddevicesformicro-/nanomachining,and
high-speedmachiningofdifficult-to-machinematerials.HehasreceivedOutstandingAchievement
AwardsfromtheSingaporeInstituteofEngineersandtheJapanSocietyofMechanicalEngineersin
2003and2005,respectively.
George Krauss is currently university emeritus professor at the Colorado School of Mines and
ametallurgicalconsultantspecializinginsteelmicrostructuralsystems.Dr.KraussreceivedtheBSc
in Metallurgical Engineering from Lehigh University in 1955 and the MSc and ScD degrees in
MetallurgyfromtheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyin1958and1961,respectively,after
workingattheSuperiorTubeCompanyasadevelopmentengineerin1956.In1962–63,hewasan
NSFpostdoctoralfellowattheMaxPlanckInstitutfürEisenforschunginDüsseldorf,Germany.He
servedatLehighUniversityasassistantprofessor,associateprofessor,andprofessorofMetallurgy
andMaterialsSciencefrom1963to1975,andin1975joinedthefacultyoftheColoradoSchoolof
MinesastheAMAXFoundationprofessorinPhysicalMetallurgy.HewastheJohnHenryMoore
professorofMetallurgicalandMaterialsEngineeringatthetimeofhisretirementfromtheColo-
radoSchoolofMinesin1997.
In1984,Dr.KrausswasaprincipalintheestablishmentoftheAdvancedSteelProcessingand
ProductsResearchCenter,anNSFIndustry-UniversitycooperativeresearchcenterattheColorado
SchoolofMines,andservedasitsfirstdirectoruntil1993.HehasauthoredthebookSteels:Pro-
cessing,Structure,andPerformance,(ASMInternational,2005),coauthoredthebookToolSteels,fifth
edition,(ASMInternational,1998),andeditedorcoeditedconferencevolumesontemperingof
steel,carburizing,zinc-basedcoatingsonsteel,andmicroalloyedforgingsteels.Hehaspublished
over330papersandlecturedwidelyintechnicalconferences,universities,corporations,andASM
International chapters, presenting a number of keynote, invited, and honorary lectures. He presented the Edward DeMille Campbell
MemorialLectureofASMInternationalin2000,theHoweMemorialLectureofISSin2003,andtheAdolfMartensMemorialSteelLectureof
AISTin2010.
Dr.KrausshasservedasthepresidentoftheInternationalFederationofHeatTreatmentandSurfaceEngineering(IFHTSE),1989–91,
andasPresidentofASMInternational,1996–97.HeisafellowofASMInternational,TMS,andIFHTSE.HehasbeenawardedtheAdolf
MartensMedaloftheGermanSocietyforHeatTreatmentandMaterials,theCharlesS.BarrettSilverMedaloftheRockyMountainChapter
ofASM,theGeorgeBrownGoldMedaloftheColoradoSchoolofMines,andseveralotherprofessionalandteachingawards,includingthe
ASM Albert Easton White Distinguished Teacher Award in 1999. He is an honorary member of the Iron and Steel Institute of Japan,
adistinguishedmemberoftheIronandSteelSociety,anhonorarymemberofASMInternational,andanhonorarymemberoftheJapan
InstituteofMetals.
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CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME 12
L. Albano B. Li(cid:2)s(cid:2)ci(cid:3)c
Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Brazil
D. Loveless
M.A. Aronov Inductoheat Inc., Rochester, MI, USA
IQ Technologies Inc., Akron, OH, USA
T. Lübben
J. Bodin IWT Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Bremen,
Swerea IVF, Mölndal, Sweden Germany
L.C.F. Canale L. Meekisho
Universidade de São Paulo, São Carlos, São Paulo, Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
Brazil
A.B. Nissan
K.D. Clarke Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
LosAlamosNationalLaboratory,LosAlamos,NM,USA
V.I. Rudnev
A. Dalke Inductoheat Inc., Madison Heights, MI, USA
Institute of Materials Engineering, Freiberg, Germany
S. Segerberg
T. Ericsson Heattec Värmebehandling, Halmstad, Sweden
Linköping University, Linköping, Sweden
S. Singer
K.O. Findley University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA
M.A.J. Somers
J. Grosch Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby,
Technische Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany Denmark
F. Hoffmann H.-J. Spies
IWT Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Bremen, Institute of Materials Engineering, Freiberg, Germany
Germany
G.E. Totten
T. Inoue Portland State University, Portland, OR, USA
Saitama Institute of Technology, Fukaya, Japan
E. Troell
N.I. Kobasko Swerea IVF, Mölndal, Sweden
IQ Technologies Inc., Akron, OH, USA
J. Vatavuk
G. Krauss Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, São Paulo,
Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO, USA Brazil
H. Kristoffersen H.-W. Zoch
Swerea IVF, Mölndal, Sweden IWT Stiftung Institut für Werkstofftechnik, Bremen,
Germany
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