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287 Pages·2014·6.574 MB·English
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Natural Computing Series Yossi Borenstein Alberto Moraglio Editors Theory and Principled Methods for the Design of Metaheuristics Natural Computing Series SeriesEditors:G.Rozenberg Th.Bäck A.E.Eiben J.N.Kok H.P.Spaink LeidenCenterforNaturalComputing AdvisoryBoard:S.Amari G.Brassard K.A.DeJong C.C.A.M.Gielen T.Head L.Kari L.Landweber T.Martinetz Z.Michalewicz M.C.Mozer E.Oja G.Pa˘un J.Reif H.Rubin A.Salomaa M.Schoenauer H.-P.Schwefel C.Torras D.Whitley E.Winfree J.M.Zurada Forfurthervolumes: http://www.springer.com/series/4190 Yossi Borenstein Alberto Moraglio (cid:2) Editors Theory and Principled Methods for the Design of Metaheuristics 123 Editors YossiBorenstein AlbertoMoraglio VisualDNA UniversityofBirmingham London SchoolofComputerScience UnitedKingdom Birmingham UnitedKingdom SeriesEditors G.Rozenberg(ManagingEditor) Th.Bäck,J.N.Kok,H.P.Spaink LeidenCenterforNaturalComputing LeidenUniversity Leiden,TheNetherlands A.E.Eiben VrijeUniversiteitAmsterdam TheNetherlands ISSN1619-7127 NaturalComputingSeries ISBN978-3-642-33205-0 ISBN978-3-642-33206-7(eBook) DOI10.1007/978-3-642-33206-7 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2013956610 (cid:2)c Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection with reviews or scholarly analysis or material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Duplication of this publication or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the Copyright Law of the Publisher’slocation,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer. PermissionsforusemaybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,servicemarks,etc.inthispublication doesnotimply,evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevant protectivelawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. While the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication,neithertheauthorsnortheeditorsnorthepublishercanacceptanylegalresponsibilityfor anyerrorsoromissionsthatmaybemade.Thepublishermakesnowarranty,expressorimplied,with respecttothematerialcontainedherein. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) ForAloe,Annette,and Shlomo—Y.B. ForFumiyo,Giuseppina,and Giuseppe—A.M. Foreword Iwas veryhappyandexcitedwhenI wasinvitedtowrite a forewordforthe book “Theory and Principled Methods for the Design of Metaheuristics” by Alberto MoraglioandYossiBorenstein.Thereareseveralreasonsforthis. Firstly, thefocusofthebook—bridgingthegapbetweentheoryandpractice— isan exceptionallyimportantandtimely topicinthe field ofmetaheuristicsandis onethatisverydeartome.Despitenumerousattemptstochangethis,byandlarge theoreticians and practitioners live on different planets. Often theoretical studies on metaheuristics are hardly applicable to real-world problems: so why should practitioners take notice? Conversely, understanding theoretical results requires somedisciplineandeffort,andImustsaythatpractitioners,oftenunjustifiably,do notthinkthatwhattheycanlearnfromtheoryisworththeinvestmentoftheirtime, wheninfactitis.Myfeelingisthatthisbookwillbeanimportantreferenceinthis areafromwhichboththeoreticiansandpractitionerscanlearnmuch. Secondly, I was really impressed with the list of contributors to this edited book. This includes many of the most influential and respected researchers on metaheuristics. This book is a fantastic fusion of their collective knowledge. In terms of both contributions to the science and engineering of metaheuristics and inspirationforfutureresearchersandpractitioners,thisbookappearstohavebeena resoundingsuccess. Finally, nottoo long ago, both Alberto and Yossi were doctoralstudents under mysupervision.Theywerebothexceptionallygoodstudents—independentthinkers with sharp minds and a strong motivation and will. It is both very satisfying and a source of inspiration for me to see them actively working with a number of world-classresearchersoncastinglightonsomeofthemostdifficultyetcrucially importantissuesinmetaheuristicsandmuchbeyond,atatimewhenmyownwillis faltering. I am sure I will learn a lot from studying this volume in detail, and I am sure many others, practitioners and theoreticians alike, can gain much from doing the same—YossiandAlberto,thankyouforhavingputtogethersuchahigh-profileand inspiringvolume. Colchester,Essex,UK RiccardoPoli vii Preface Metaheuristicsandevolutionaryalgorithmsinparticularareadaptableoptimization frameworksthatareroutinelyandsuccessfullyappliedtohardreal-worldproblems. Intuitively,theyseemtocapturesomefundamentalbiologicalpropertywhichmakes theminherentlygoodgeneralproblemsolvers.Atthesametime,theinformalway inwhichmetaheuristicsaredefinedandtailoredtoeachproblemcanleadtovarious misconceptions. More than anything else, their successful application is often the outcomeofalongtrial-and-errorprocesstoidentifyagoodproblem-specificdesign followed by extensive parameter tuning. Ideally, theoretical studies should rectify thissituationbyexplaininghow,when,andwhymetaheuristicsworkandproviding guidelinesfortheir successfuldesignand optimalparameterchoice.However,the challenge is huge: mathematical analysis requires time and effort even for very simplescenarios,whereasinpracticeproblemsaswellasalgorithmsarequitecom- plexandsubjecttorapidchange.Thedifferentmotivations—practicalapplications vs.mathematicalanalysis—leadtodistinctsubcommunitieswithdifferentresearch cultureswhichrarelycommunicatewithoneanother. Thedialogbetweentheoryandpracticeisveryimportanttous.Weorganizeda workshopatParallelProblemSolvingfromNature(PPSN)onthissubjectandlater editedaspecialissueoftheEvolutionaryComputationJournal(ECJ).Ourstudyis theoretical,butwealwaysmadeanefforttoidentifyandpromotepotentialpractical applications. In this book, rather than focusing on our own work, we collected several theoretical and principled methods that when strung together we believe indicate a viable route towards bridging theory and practice. The book outlines thecontributionofcurrenttheoreticalworktopracticalproblems,pointstovarious theoreticalapproachesthathavethepotentialtohavearealimpactonpracticeinthe future,and,atthesametime,providesprincipledmethodsthatcanbeappliednow tomakeempiricalworkmorerigorous.Itisdividedintofourthemes:thefirstthree arerelatedtotheoryandthelastonetopractice. ix

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