Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation: Second International Workshop, TAFA 2013, Beijing, China, August 3-5, 2013, Revised Selected papers PDF
Preview Theory and Applications of Formal Argumentation: Second International Workshop, TAFA 2013, Beijing, China, August 3-5, 2013, Revised Selected papers
Elizabeth Black Sanjay Modgil Nir Oren (Eds.) 6 0 Theory and Applications 3 8 I A of Formal Argumentation N L Second International Workshop, TAFA 2013 Beijing, China, August 3-5, 2013 Revised Selected Papers 123 Lecture Notes in Artificial Intelligence 8306 Subseries of Lecture Notes in Computer Science LNAISeriesEditors RandyGoebel UniversityofAlberta,Edmonton,Canada YuzuruTanaka HokkaidoUniversity,Sapporo,Japan WolfgangWahlster DFKIandSaarlandUniversity,Saarbrücken,Germany LNAIFoundingSeriesEditor JoergSiekmann DFKIandSaarlandUniversity,Saarbrücken,Germany ElizabethBlack SanjayModgil NirOren(Eds.) Theory and Applications of FormalArgumentation Second International Workshop, TAFA 2013 Beijing, China, August 3-5, 2013 Revised Selected Papers 1 3 VolumeEditors ElizabethBlack SanjayModgil King’sCollegeLondon DepartmentofInformatics Strand,London,WC2R2LS,UK E-mail:{elizabeth.black,sanjay.modgil}@kcl.ac.uk NirOren UniversityofAberdeen DepartmentofComputingScience Aberdeen,AB243UE,UK E-mail:[email protected] ISSN0302-9743 e-ISSN1611-3349 ISBN978-3-642-54372-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-54373-9 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-54373-9 SpringerHeidelbergNewYorkDordrechtLondon LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2014931379 ©Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2014 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.AllrightsarereservedbythePublisher,whetherthewholeorpartof thematerialisconcerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation, broadcasting,reproductiononmicrofilmsorinanyotherphysicalway,andtransmissionorinformation storageandretrieval,electronicadaptation,computersoftware,orbysimilarordissimilarmethodology nowknownorhereafterdeveloped.Exemptedfromthislegalreservationarebriefexcerptsinconnection withreviewsorscholarlyanalysisormaterialsuppliedspecificallyforthepurposeofbeingenteredand executedonacomputersystem,forexclusiveusebythepurchaserofthework.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheCopyrightLawofthePublisher’slocation, initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Permissionsforuse maybeobtainedthroughRightsLinkattheCopyrightClearanceCenter.Violationsareliabletoprosecution undertherespectiveCopyrightLaw. 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Typesetting:Camera-readybyauthor,dataconversionbyScientificPublishingServices,Chennai,India Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Preface Recent years have witnessed a rapid growth of interest in formal models of argumentation and their application in diverse sub-fields and domains of appli- cationofAI,includingreasoninginthepresenceofinconsistency,non-monotonic reasoning,decisionmaking, inter-agentcommunication, the Semantic Web, grid applications, ontologies, recommender systems, machine learning, neural net- works, trust computing, normative systems, social choice theory, judgment ag- gregation and game theory, and law and medicine. Argumentation thus shows great promise as a theoretically grounded tool for a wide range of applications. The Second International Workshopon the Theory and Applications of For- mal Argumentation (TAFA 2013) aimed to promote further investigations into the use of formal argumentation and links with other fields of AI. Co-located with the International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence (IJCAI 2013) inBeijing,China,TAFA2013builtonthesuccessofTAFA2011witharangeof strongpaperssubmitted by authorsfromEurope,Japan,andChina. The work- shop received 22 submissions, of which 15 were accepted for presentation. The workshop was attended by over 20 participants, and the presentations spawned many lively and thought-provoking discussions. Argumentation theory centers around the idea that arguments authored by human users or constituted as premises entailing some conclusion in a given logic canbe organizedinto directed graphssuchthat the directedlinks between arguments represent relations of attack and support etc. Such graphs can also be annotated with additional information to capture, for example, argument strength, preferences, or degrees of belief, and can be processed so as to evalu- atethewinningarguments.Thefollowingproceedingsincludepapersidentifying how properties of these graphs can impact on the computational complexity of evaluating the winning arguments, as well as specific computational techniques for evaluating graphs. A distinguishing feature of a number of the workshop papers is the development of formal models based on empirical observations of human dialogue and debate; for example, in social networks in which humans exchangeandvote onopinions andassessthe extentto whichanygivenopinion is a valid counter to (attack on) another. New insights into how computational models can inform and indeed enhance the rationality of discourse and debate among humans are also presented. A key feature of argumentation is its wide range of applicability in sub-areas of AI, and a number of papers report on ad- vancesintheseareas.Forexample,preliminaryworkoncorrespondencesbetween argumentative and decision theoretic principles are introduced, and researchon theuseofargumentationtoresolveconflictsamongconflictingnormsisincluded. VI Preface Other papers report on the use of arguments to augment and improve the per- formance of learning algorithms, and on the evaluation and categorization of arguments exchanged in dialogues observed between human experts. TheeditorswouldliketothankthemembersoftheProgramCommitteeand theadditionalreviewersfortheireffortsinreviewingsubmissionstoTAFA2013. December 2013 Elizabeth Black Sanjay Modgil Nir Oren Organization TAFA2013tookplaceattheTsinghuaUniversity,Beijing,China,duringAugust 3–4,2013,asaworkshopatIJCAI2013,the23rdInternationalJointConference on Artificial Intelligence. Workshop Chairs Elizabeth Black King’s College London, UK Sanjay Modgil King’s College London, UK Nir Oren University of Aberdeen, UK Program Committee Leila Amgoud IRIT, Toulouse, France Katie Atkinson University of Liverpool, UK Pietro Baroni University of Brescia, Italy Floris Bex University of Dundee, UK Elizabeth Black King’s College London, UK Elise Bonzon Universit´e Paris Descartes, France Richard Booth University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Gerhard Brewka Leipzig University, Germany Katarzyna Budzynska Polish Academy of Sciences, Poland, and University of Dundee, UK Martin Caminada University of Aberdeen, UK Federico Cerutti University of Aberdeen, UK Carlos Chesn˜evar Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina Madalina Croitoru Universit´e Montpellier 2, France Sylvie Doutre Universit´e Toulouse 1 Capitole, France Massimiliano Giacomin University of Brescia, Italy Tom Gordon Fraunhofer FOKUS, Germany Anthony Hunter University College London, UK Souhila Kaci Universit´e Montpellier 2, France Antonis Kakas University of Cyprus, Cyprus Nicolas Maudet Universit´e Paris 6, France Peter McBurney King’s College London, UK Sanjay Modgil King’s College London, UK Pavlos Moraitis Paris Descartes University, France Nir Oren University of Aberdeen, UK Simon Parsons City University of Liverpool, UK VIII Organization Henry Prakken University of Utrecht and University of Groningen, The Netherlands Chris Reed University of Dundee, UK Tjitze Rienstra University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Chiaki Sakama Wakayama University, Japan Guillermo Ricardo Simari Universidad Nacional del Sur, Argentina Yuqing Tang Carnegie Mellon University, USA Francesca Toni Imperial College London, UK Leon Van Der Torre University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg Srdjan Vesic Universit´e d’Artois, France Serena Villata Inria Sophia Antipolis, France Toshiko Wakaki Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan Simon Wells Aberdeen University, UK Stefan Woltran Vienna University of Technology, Austria Adam Wyner University of Aberdeen, UK Additional Reviewers Ringo Baumann Leipzig University, Germany Wolfgang Dvorak University of Vienna, Austria Xiuyi Fan Imperial College London, UK Maria Vanina Martinez University of Oxford, UK Claudia Schulz Imperial College London, UK Table of Contents Revisiting Abstract Argumentation Frameworks ..................... 1 Sanjay Modgil Extending Social Abstract Argumentation with Votes on Attacks ...... 16 Sinan E˘gilmez, Jo˜ao Martins, and Jo˜ao Leite A Normal Form for Argumentation Frameworks ..................... 32 Cosmina Croitoru and Timo Ko¨tzing Graph-Based Dispute Derivations in Assumption-Based Argumentation .................................................. 46 Robert Craven, Francesca Toni, and Matthew Williams Argument Schemes for Normative Practical Reasoning................ 63 Nir Oren Argumentation Accelerated Reinforcement Learning for RoboCup Keepaway-Takeaway.............................................. 79 Yang Gao and Francesca Toni Towards Agent Dialogue as a Tool for Capturing Software Design Discussions...................................................... 95 Elizabeth Black, Peter McBurney, and Steffen Zschaler On the Maximal and Average Numbers of Stable Extensions .......... 111 Ringo Baumann and Hannes Strass Decision Making with Assumption-Based Argumentation.............. 127 Xiuyi Fan and Francesca Toni Justifying Underlying Desires for Argument-Based Reconciliation ...... 143 Hiroyuki Kido and Yukio Ohsawa TheComplexityofRepairing,Adjusting,andAggregatingofExtensions in Abstract Argumentation........................................ 158 Eun Jung Kim, Sebastian Ordyniak, and Stefan Szeider X Table of Contents Computing Preferred Extensions in Abstract Argumentation: A SAT-Based Approach .......................................... 176 Federico Cerutti, Paul E. Dunne, Massimiliano Giacomin, and Mauro Vallati Computing Preferred Labellings by Exploiting SCCs and Most Sceptically Rejected Arguments.................................... 194 Beishui Liao, Liyun Lei, and Jianhua Dai Author Index.................................................. 209
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