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Theater of the People: Spectators and Society in Ancient Athens PDF

302 Pages·2011·14.15 MB·English
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TheaTer of The PeoPle THIS PAGE INTENTIONALLY LEFT BLANK TheaTer of the PeoPle SPecTaTorS and SocieTy in ancienT aThenS DaviD KawalKo roSelli University of texas Press Austin This book has been supported by an endowment dedicated to classics and the ancient world and funded by the Areté Foundation; the Gladys Krieble Delmas Foundation; the Dougherty Foundation; the James R. Dougherty, Jr. Foundation; the Rachael and Ben Vaughan Foundation; and the National Endowment for the Humanities. Copyright © 2011 by the University of Texas Press All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America First edition, 2011 Requests for permission to reproduce material from this work should be sent to: Permissions University of Texas Press P.O. Box 7819 Austin, TX 78713-7819 www.utexas.edu/utpress/about/bpermission.html ♾ The paper used in this book meets the minimum requirements of ansi/niso Z39.48-1992 (r1997) (Permanence of Paper). library of congreSS caTaloging-in-PublicaTion DaTa Roselli, David Kawalko. Theater of the people : spectators and society in ancient Athens / David Kawalko Roselli. — 1st ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isBn 978-0-292-72394-8 (cloth : alk. paper) isBn 978-0-292-73469-2 (E-book) 1.Theater—Greece—Athens—History—To 500. 2. Theater audiences—Greece— History—To 1500. 3. Theater and society—Greece—Athens—History—To 1500. I. Title. Pa3203.r57 2011 792.0938′5—dc22 2010052680 conTenTS Conventions and aBBreviations Used vii aCknowledgments xi introdUCtion TheaTer anD PeoPle in aThenS 1 ChaPter 1 The iDea of The auDience anD iTS role in The TheaTer 19 ChaPter 2 SPace anD SPecTaTorS in The TheaTer 63 ChaPter 3 The economicS of The TheaTer: Theoric DiSTribuTionS anD claSS DiviSionS 87 ChaPter 4 nonciTizenS in The TheaTer 118 ChaPter 5 women anD The TheaTer auDience 158 ePilogue 195 v notes 203 BiBliograPhy 251 index loCorUm 275 general index 283 TheaTer of the PeoPle vi convenTionS and abbreviaTionS uSeD ATL = The Athenian Tribute Lists. B. D. Meritt, H. T. Wade-Gery, and M. F. McGregor. Volume 3. Princeton. 1950. ARV = Attic Red-Figure Vase Painters. J. D. Beazley. Second edition. Oxford. 1963. Bekker, Anec. Graec. = Anecdota Graeca. 3 vols. I. Bekker. Berlin. 1814–1841. DFA = The Dramatic Festivals of Athens. A Pickard-Cambridge. Second edi- tion. 1968. Revised with supplement by J. Gould and D. M. Lewis. Oxford. 1988. d-k = Die Fragmente der Versokratiker. H. Diels and W. Kranz (eds.). Sixth edi- tion. Zurich. 1952. Et. Magn. = Etymologicum Magnum. F. Sylburg. Leipzig. 1816. FGrHist = Fragmente Griechischer Historiker. F. Jacoby. Berlin and Lei- den. 1923–1958. IG = Inscriptiones Graecae. Berlin. 1873–. k-a = Poetae Comici Graeci. R. Kassel and C. Austin (eds.). Berlin. 1983–. ML = A Selection of Greek Historical Inscriptions. R. Meiggs and D. Lewis. Revised edition. Oxford. 1969. MNC = Monuments Illustrating New Comedy. T. B. L. Webster. Volumes 1–2. Third edition, revised by J. R. Green and A. Seeberg. (BICS Supplement 50). Lon- don. 1995. MTS = Monuments Illustrating Tragedy and Satyr Play. T. B. L. Webster. Second edition. London. 1968. Osborne, Naturalization = Naturalization in Athens. M. J. Osborne. 4 volumes. Brussels. 1981–1983. P.A. = Prosopographia Attica. 2 volumes. J. Kirchner. Berlin. 1901–1903. PHibeh = The Hibeh Papyri II. E. G. Turner (ed.). London. 1955. PMG = Poetae Melici Graeci. D. L. Page (ed.). Oxford. 1962. POxy = The Oxyrhynchus Papyri. B. P. Grenfell et al. (eds.). London. 1898–. SEG = Supplementum Epigraphicum Graecum. Leiden. 1923–. vii TrGF = Tragicorum Graecorum Fragmenta. R. Kannicht, S. Radt, B. Snell (eds.). Göttingen. 1971–2004. Journal abbreviaTionS AHB Ancient History Bulletin AION Annali dell’Istituto Universitario Orientali di Napoli AJA American Journal of Archaeology AJAH American Journal of Ancient History AJP American Journal of Philology AM Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts, Athenische Abteilung AncSoc Ancient Society ArchDelt Archaiologikon Deltion ASNP Annali della Scuola Normale Superiore di Pisa AW Ancient World BICS Bulletin of the Institute of Classical Studies of the University of London BSA Annual of the British School at Athens ClAnt Classical Antiquity CJ Classical Journal C&M Classica et Mediaevalia CP Classical Philology CQ Classical Quarterly CR Classical Review G&R Greece and Rome GRBS Greek, Roman, and Byzantine Studies HSCP Harvard Studies in Classical Philology ICS Illinois Classical Studies JDAI Jahrbuch des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts JHS Journal of Hellenic Studies PCPS Proceedings of the Cambridge Philological Society QUCC Quaderni urbinati di cultura classica RE Real-Encyclopädie der classischen Alterthumswissenschaft REG Revue des études grecques SMSR Studi e materiali di storia delle religioni TAPA Transactions of the American Philological Association TRI Theatre Research International WJA Würzburger Jahrbücher für die Altertumswissenschaft WS Wiener Studien ZPE Zeitschrift für Papyrologie und Epigraphik TheaTer of the PeoPle viii convenTionS anD abbreviaTionS for ancienT auThorS anD worKS Authors in square brackets indicate that the authorship is uncertain for a work that has been traditionally ascribed to the author in question. References to the scholia are indicated by Σ. I have not been consistent with the transliteration of Greek names and terms, but I have tried to maintain a certain logic in my usage. Those names and terms with entries in the Oxford Classical Dictionary appear as they do in that reference work. Readers will thus find the well-known “Sophocles” and the relatively un- known “Nikostratos.” Translations are my own unless noted otherwise. aBBreviations Used for anCient aUthors Ael. Aelian Is. Isaeus Aesch. Aeschylus Isoc. Isocrates Aeschin. Aeschines Lib. Libanius ag Aulus Gellius Luc. Lucian Andoc. Andocides Lyc. Lycurgus Ar. Aristophanes Lys. Lysias Arist. Aristotle Men. Menander Ath. Athenaeus Paus. Pausanias Dem. Demosthenes Philoch. Philochorus Din. Dinarchus Pl. Plato Diod. Sic. Diodorus Siculus Plaut. Plautus Diog. Laert. Diogenes Laertius Plut. Plutarch Eup. Eupolis Soph. Sophocles Eur. Euripides Theocr. Theocritus Harp. Harpocration Theophr. Theophrastus Hdt. Herodotus Theopomp. Theopompus Hesych. Hesychius Thuc. Thucydides Hyp. Hyperides Xen. Xenophon convenTionS and abbreviaTionS uSeD ix

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Greek drama has been subject to ongoing textual and historical interpretation, but surprisingly little scholarship has examined the people who composed the theater audiences in Athens. Typically, scholars have presupposed an audience of Athenian male citizens viewing dramas created exclusively for t
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