Table Of Content

CONTENTS 1 EMPLOYEES Ralph D. Mawdsley Introduction Discrimination in Employment Discrimination in Employment Religion Gender National Origin Disability Substantive Constitutional Rights Free Speech Association Privacy Substantive Due Process Procedural Due Process Liberty and Property Interests Oi connsecied er ncianscneraerissinsnpeiinpndaesantsnndiiaenchsshcabsaddl 22 Aspects of Hearing Dismissal, Nonrenewal, Demotion, and Discipline Insubordination Unprofessional Conduct, Unfitness, Willful Neglect of Duty Immorality Incompetence Compliance with School Board Policies and State Statutes Reduction-in-Force and Involuntary Leaves of Absence ...............:.::00+ 29 Necessity for Reduction-in-Force Selection of Employees Call-Back Rights Contract Disputes Board Policies and Contract Stipulations Administrative Regulations and Statutory Provisions Tenure Tenure Status Tenure by Default or Acquiescence Certification Decertification, Revocation, or Suspension Conclusion CONTENTS 1 EMPLOYEES Ralph D. Mawdsley Introduction Discrimination in Employment Discrimination in Employment Religion Gender National Origin Disability Substantive Constitutional Rights Free Speech Association Privacy Substantive Due Process Procedural Due Process Liberty and Property Interests Oi connsecied er ncianscneraerissinsnpeiinpndaesantsnndiiaenchsshcabsaddl 22 Aspects of Hearing Dismissal, Nonrenewal, Demotion, and Discipline Insubordination Unprofessional Conduct, Unfitness, Willful Neglect of Duty Immorality Incompetence Compliance with School Board Policies and State Statutes Reduction-in-Force and Involuntary Leaves of Absence ...............:.::00+ 29 Necessity for Reduction-in-Force Selection of Employees Call-Back Rights Contract Disputes Board Policies and Contract Stipulations Administrative Regulations and Statutory Provisions Tenure Tenure Status Tenure by Default or Acquiescence Certification Decertification, Revocation, or Suspension Conclusion 2 SCHOOL GOVERNANCE Brad Colwell Introduction Systematic Governance Issues Charter Schools Election Law School Finance Litigation Other State/Local Funding Issues Localized Governance Issues Limits on Individual School District Authority Bidding and Awarding Contracts School Construction Issues Sunshine Laws Freedom of Information School Boundary and Student Residency School Property Issues Board Member Action Conclusion 3 STUDENTS Judith Adkison, Richard Fossey, Fred Hartmeister, & JoAnn Klinker Introduction Issues Relating to Public School Attendance Transfer of Students Residence, Tuition, and Fees Transportation Private and Parochial Schools Freedom of Speech Sexual Abuse and Harassment by Students Sexual Abuse and Harassment by Employees Sexual Abuse and Harassment by Other Parties Privacy Search and Seizure Instructional Issues Student Safety Miscellaneous Sanctions for Student Misconduct Generally Suspension and Expulsion Desegregation Desegregation Plan Oversight Conclusion 4 BARGAINING Kevin P. Brady Introduction Labor Relations Collective Bargaining Unfair Labor Practices Alternative Dispute Resolution Arbitration Agreements Proceedings and Awards Judicial Review and Enforcement of Decisions Conclusion 5 STUDENTS WITH DISABILITIES Allan G. Osborne, Jr. Introduction Entitlement to Services Procedural Safeguards Evaluation and Classification Development of Individualized Education Programs Change in Placement Dispute Resolution Administrative Hearings Court Proceedings Standing to Sue I cans scrcacinsnansceisc icnanisderataesnniadnloieactieilaiaoanta l 120 EEE ae a Ee ene Rae ot nee ne ee 120 Placement Appropriate Educational Placement ..................:csscsssssessessessescesseesenee 121 Least Restrictive Environment (LRE)................:csccssesssssessessessesseeeeees 124 Private Facilities gE eeee a eT Oe er 125 NUNN 125 oS sisa iicab as bacuobanwoea Wek eeeoacsuct cicascecnateccbeacestoere e 125 PN i a issiictciinmneinecilinsiailgesenicoiepeinaiuanialadineseti 126 RES SEE ee eae eee NR EE eee ERR CEM 127 EELS ee a ee 128 ELIE ETE a ae SP SNE EIN eee ee 129 NI ions ciissscunicsiinicaneientorichesatiseciaisiondcinseniacalsisseeinatal 129 Compensatory Services Attorney Fees Section 1983 Other IDEA Issues State Laws New York Discrimination under Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act and the Americans with Disabilities Act Conclusion 6 TORTS Suzanne Eckes Introduction Negligence Off School Property and after School Hours En Route to and from School School Settings during School Hours In School Buildings and on School Grounds Negligence Defenses Immunity Other Defenses Notice of Claim Liability Insurance Employee Injuries Defamation Intentional Infliction of Emotional Distress Conclusion 7 SPORTS David Thompson Introduction Eligibility Disability Discipline Longevity Recruiting Transfer Private Schools Equality of Programs Gender Intentional Defamation Sexual Assault/Harassment Negligence Participants Spectators Employment Contract Disputes Constitutional Issues Discrimination Gender Real Property Trademark Conclusion 8 HIGHER EDUCATION Scott Ellis Ferrin Introduction RONNIE ok vza nc dass cp atssaiencs cfadendedenbrasansevackosssurevenserereaed 182 RGN rN ANE AIL 05c apes a ccc aasseiae secs iocsvansvssthsdousevtrsesaeys casieasieecavsree ners 182 Pert EAI SINE oo ccs Sivas sasad evens bsusispoucdetaseussixisccatseaeseeneiee 182 Funding Establishment Clause and Funding Negligence First Amendment Second Amendment Real Property Faculty-Staff Issue Hiring Breach of Contract Promotion and Tenure Discrimination Suspension Dismissal Retaliatory Discharge Re-assignment Salary and Benefits Faculty Unionization First Amendment Whistleblower Conclusion 9 STUDENTS IN HIGHER EDUCATION William E. Thro REPCIANGE ENO 565s scan Secs Cees ete eaten cena teas okecaetateapesseten eae 2 First Amendment Rumsfeld v. Forum for Academic & Individual Rights Christian Legal Society v. Walker CON PN I vssicsiitelticiernrsnisinsiacnsniactiomntuaiatsntaiguaialinadanaal 2 ERIN ARIE FI issansa siessssesecsicsionantioncni iaoadianiii 2 Noises cat ncwtddcuddshoZ sacaadieeatia titiaaWisata cde sista 205 AMON oc sus scasnceduassemnsecussaugtorceataviesoweastdusseeeaiostecetonant 205 Disability Academie and Curricular ISsties «3 «....cccscccccasacsncscascessiscactecsceesaeboaecate PRUNE ct uae sci accssén cussed ccsnasanaanassbasus taps sbaicenue coun ccaca wer emai ane 209 EVISIIGRAU CR SOIMMEIINS ose ie scdisiccts ccniainetanadegcsstcevewtenecdescedestatrneceenne 209 PRUNE x on cssnscescceiaccndetcuanse sddacvonedadahesdeaquetuestdetenee ae 210 I CI ices icsessccsssistscstinesinincndncepnnctbitaiialahedidmiaena 211 THOOPUS HIRO GEINGN SSM IOIING oc oie ssicas ans cade scea cen iceaccuacdagacdeadinexecestasearetasdeneee 211 PiNRNN RUNES bse cdcbae Ststaeatehenatatbakansssaeat eatetesesn 213 PI sabi icinicsnnsascwitisinssdedaenstnsbiteniiatadsetticadiniintcaanpiaipedaadaadtenae 215 CIGNA as occas deisaccnadas sais euavecparawienaseeedaneaeniaeceenei sedcnsueatria 216 10 FEDERAL AND STATE LEGISLATION David L. Dagley eee e ee re 2 PCUCIA CINUEL O NR ois ces dinncchectstusnsnecesesesnbscsedienssdecvessnleiztldenceseeEee I aise iiicstisnisciiiennicnlbsiidpianctcsinsasantinnsiiasenscnicniulssiieivimiumaiiagms Accountability and School Reform ...............c:cccssccsccesseeeseeeseeeseeeneeees 2 Athletics Attendance, Promotion, and Graduation Buildings and Grounds Ce III scsin ssisssasicnsnsntaionenaseevinescensonnssnntmanamiisiohsinitie 2 Employment Finance and School Business Governance and School Leadership Parental and Student Rights Program Development School Choice School Safety Students with Disabilities Technology Transportation Higher Education Conclusion APPENDICES Table of Cases Cases by Jurisdiction DRNRMI S ssp seco g osc pua Sac ds an ob vcescuepeissuceRheRstvee rseeceebaskace s 311 Index / 311 INDEX A C abuse 66, 68, 69, 70, 73, 79, 80, 89, catalyst theory 129 94, 97 certification 12, 13, 32, 40, 41, 209, abuse ofd iscretion 73 224, 232, 236, 237, 238, 244, 259 access policy 73 change in placement 114, 115, 127 achievement test 72, 86 charter schools 44, 45, 46, 51, 53, additional evidence 115, 118, 119 64, 91, 119, 133, 149, 156, 220, administrative hearings (proceed- 227, 230, 237, 239, 241, 243, ings) 112, 114, 115, 116 245, 246, 247, 251, 255, 256, Americans with Disabilities Act 257, 261, 264 (ADA) 109, 110, 116, 129, 135, funding 45 136 grants 44 appropriate educational place- state aid 48, 49 ment 109, 121 school facilities 52 arbitration 55, 56, 104, 105 special education 45 asbestos 91 termination 46 Asperger’s Syndrome 111, 130 transportation 44 assault 76, 91,94, 140, 147, 152 child find 136 assistive technology 109, 126, 127 child protective services 92 assumption of risk 150 child seduction 80 attendance 65, 66 Civil Rights Act of 1964 85, 94 boundaries 66, 68 title VI. 87 transfers 66, 96 collective bargaining 99, 100, 101, attention deficit hyperactivity disor- 102, 103, 106, 107 der 111 compensatory education services attorney fees 78, 86, 93, 128, 129, (compensatory services) 109, 131, 132, 133, 137 120, 128, 130, 131 autism 123, 124, 125, 128 consent decree 116 contractors 54, 55, 64, 153, 258, B 259 payment 51, 52, 53,55 battery 92, 93 contracts 3, 4, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, behavior intervention plan 127, 128 36, 44, 54, 56, 100, 101, 102, bidding 43, 44, 54, 240, 242 169, 176, 193, 210, 221, 225, lowest responsible bidder 54 233, 235, 237, 242, 255, 259, board member action 63 272, 275, 276 board policies 1, 28, 31 breach 60, 61 bodily injury 127 court proceedings 109, 118 bomb threat 96 criminal trespass 91 breach of contract 70, 89, 91 burden of proof 115, 117, 118 312 / Index D equal protection 67, 69, 75, 76, 77, 79, 87, 92, 94 damages 109, 117, 129, 133, 140, Equal Protection Clause 75, 79, 87 141, 145, 150 92, 93 defamation 139, 140, 154, 155 Fourteenth Amendment 75, 87, deliberate indifference 77, 89 92, 93 desegregation 65, 66, 96, 97 Establishment Clause 72, 73 plan oversight 66 First Amendment 69, 72, 73, 74, diplomas 87 Te1T discipline 81, 93, 109, 127 evaluation 109, 112, 113, 116, 117, student 81, 93 126, 136 discrimination 1, 3, 4, 109, 135, evolution 66, 72 157, 171, 181, 189, 199, 205 exhaustion of administrative rem- dismissal 3, 6, 7, 8, 11, 13, 16, 19, edies 115, 116 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 32, expert witness 110 34, 49, 55, 60, 62, 63, 67, 68, 69, expulsion 94, 95, 127, 155 70, 72, 73, 76, 79, 82, 83, 87, 94, extended school year 109, 125 103, 105, 119, 131, 143, 146, 149, 154, 155, 156, 162, 169, 170, F 173, 182, 183, 185, 189, 190, false imprisonment 92 192, 193, 194, 196, 200, 204, Family Educational Rights and 209, 210, 216, 233 Privacy Act (FERPA) 82 dispute resolution 109, 115, 116 fees 5, 6, 36, 45, 50, 51, 57, 60, 64, Down Syndrome 124 68, 78, 86, 93, 110, 128, 129, 131, dress ccde 73 132, 133, 137, 169, 177, 182, drugs 73, 84, 127 184, 253, 271, 272 due process 67, 69, 75, 77, 78, 81, First Amendment 69, 72, 73, 74, 82, 85, 86, 88, 92, 94 75, 77 due process hearings 114, 115, 116, free exercise 71, 72 118, 127, 137 religion 66, 71, 72, 73, 74 E speech 65, 72, 73 viewpoint discrimination 73 Education Amendment of 1972 Fourteenth Amendment 75, 87, 92, Title iX 77, 78, 79 93 Eighth Amendment 92 Fourth Amendment 69, 75, 82, 83, election laws 44, 46 84, 85 tax referenda 46, 47, 52 free appropriate public education Eleventh Amendment 116, 120 (FAPE) 110, 115, 117, 118, 119, emotional distress 70, 77, 78, 79, 120, 122, 123, 124, 125, 126, 87, 91, 92, 140, 146, 154, 155, 128, 129, 130, 131, 134, 136, 137 156 Freedom of Information Act 56 emotionally disturbed 123, 129 costs 57 employee injuries 139, 153 exemptions 56 entitlement to services 109, 110 fees 57 privacy 57