The Writing of Violence in the Middle East 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd ii 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM Suspensions: Contemporary Middle Eastern and Islamicate Thought This series interrupts standardized discourses involving the Middle East and the Islamicate world by introducing creative and emerging ideas. The incisive works included in this series provide a counterpoint to the reigning canons of theory, theology, philosophy, literature, and criticism through investigations of vast experiential typologies—such as violence, mourning, vulnerability, ten- sion, and humour—in light of contemporary Middle Eastern and Islamicate thought. Forthcoming: Hostage Spaces of the Contemporary Islamicate World: Phantom Territoriality, Dejan Lukic The Poetics of Mourning in the Middle East: Elegies , Alina Gharabegian 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iiii 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM The Writing of Violence in the Middle East Infl ictions Jason Bahbak Mohaghegh Suspensions: Contemporary Middle Eastern and Islamicate Thought 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iiiiii 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM Continuum International Publishing Group The Tower Building 80 Maiden Lane 11 York Road Suite 704 London SE1 7NX New York NY 10038 www.continuumbooks.com © Jason Bahbak Mohaghegh, 2012 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Jason Bahbak Mohaghegh has asserted his right under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identifi ed as Author of this work. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. EISBN: 978-1-4411-5063-9 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mohaghegh, Jason Bahbak, 1979- The writing of violence in the Middle East: infl ictions/Jason Bahbak Mohaghegh. p. cm. – (Suspensions) Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 978-1-4411-0630-8 (hardcover) 1. Middle Eastern literature – History and criticism – Theory, etc. 2. Violence in literature. 3. Literature, Experimental. I. Title. PJ307.M643 2011 809´.8956 – dc23 2011027652 Typeset by Newgen Imaging Systems Pvt Ltd, Chennai, India Printed and bound in Great Britain 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iivv 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM The following publishers and individuals kindly granted permission for reprinting certain translated passages in this volume: Syracuse University Press, Saqi Books, Post Apollo Press, Quartet Books, Brill Publishers, Ibis Press, Yale University Press, American University of Cairo Press, Michael Hillmann, Saeed Saeedpoor, Diana Der-Hovanessian, OneWorldPress. The following publishers have requested the following acknowledgment for reprinting certain translated passages: Excerpts from Modern Arabic Poetry , ed. Salma Khadra Jayyusi. Copyright © 1987. Columbia University Press. Reprinted with permission of the publisher. Adonis, excerpts from “The Crow’s Feather” and “Remembering the First Century,” from The Pages of Day and Night . Copyright @ 1994 by S. Hazo. Reprinted with the permission of Marlboro Press/Northwestern University Press. Forugh Farrokhzad, excerpts from “The Wall,” “Later,” “The Return,” “Border Walls,” and “After You,” translated by Sholeh Wolpé, from S in: Selected Poems of Forugh Farrokhzad . Copyright © 2007 by Sholeh Wolpé. Reprinted with the permission of The Permissions Company, Inc. on behalf of the University of Arkansas Press, w ww.uapress.com. Taha Muhammad Ali, excerpts from “Thrombosis in the Veins of Petroleum” and “Abd el-Hadi the Fool,” trans. P. Cole, Y. Hijazi, and G. Levin from So What . Copyright © 2007 by P. Cole, Y. Hijazi, and G. Levin. Reprinted with the per- mission of The Permissions Company, Inc. on behalf of Copper Canyon Press, 2006. Mahmoud Darwish, excerpts from Unfortunately, It Was Paradise . Copyright © 2003 by M. Akash, C. Forche, S. Antoon, A. El-Zein. Reprinted with the permission of the University of California Press. Mahmoud Darwish, excerpts from M emory for Forgetfulness . Copyright © 1995 by I. Muhawi. Reprinted with the permission of the University of California Press. Excerpts from I f I Were Another: Poems by Mahmoud Darwish, translated by Fady Joudah. Translation copyright © 2009 by Fady Joudah. Reprinted by permission of Farrar, Straus and Giroux, LLC. Mahmoud Darwish, excerpt from “Going to the World.” From J ournal of an Ordinary Grief , translated from the Arabic by Ibrahim Muhawi. English translation copy- right © 2010 by Ibrahim Muhawi. Copyright © Mahmoud Darwish/Actes Sud. Reprinted by permission of Archipelago Books, www.archipelagobooks.org. Nazim Hikmet, excerpt from “Since I’ve Been In Jail” from P oems of Nazim Hikmet , translated by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk, Translation copyright © 1994, 2002 by Randy Blasing and Mutlu Konuk. Reprinted by permission of Persea Books, Inc., New York. Excerpts from T he Year of Passages by Réda Bensmaia, Translation copyright © 1995 by Tom Conley. Reprinted with the permission of University of Minnesota Press. Excerpts from T he Blind Owl by Sadeq Hedayat, copyright © 1957 by John Calder (Publishers) Ltd. Used by permission of Grove/Atlantic, Inc. 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vv 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vvii 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM For the grandfather’s shadow . . . 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vviiii 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd vviiiiii 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM Contents Series Foreword x Preface: Violence, East/West x i Chapter 0 Z ero-World Consciousness 1 Chapter 1 T hreat: Writings of Betrayal 1 9 Chapter 2 A nnihilation: Writings of Cruelty 3 9 Chapter 3 S harpening: Writings of Evil 6 0 Chapter 4 D eception: Writings of Midnight 8 1 Chapter 5 R age: Writings of Overthrow 1 07 Chapter 6 A ssassination: Writings of War 1 44 Chapter 6.5 I nterlude: Of the Factions, of the Barriers 1 57 Chapter 7 C onclusion (Of Those Who Have Become Jagged): Reckonings of an Eastern Violence 1 69 Notes 1 85 Bibliography 1 97 Index 201 99778811444411110066330088__pprree__FFiinnaall__ttxxtt__pprriinntt..iinndddd iixx 11//1111//22001122 33::1133::3388 PPMM