The Writer’s World: Sentences and Paragraphs

467 Pages·2018·16.831 MB·English

by  Lynne Gaetz, Suneeti Phadke

The Writer’s World
Sentences and Paragraphs
Fifth Edition
Lynne Gaetz
Suneeti Phadke
330 Hudson Street, NY NY 10013
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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Gaetz, Lynne, 1960- author. | Phadke, Suneeti, 1961- author.
The writer’s world : sentences and paragraphs, with enhanced reading
strategies / Lynne Gaetz, Suneeti Phadke.
Fifth edition. | Boston : Pearson, [2017] | Includes index.
LCCN 2017001624| ISBN 9780134195391 (student edition) |
ISBN 9780134278742 (annotated instructor edition) | ISBN 9780134309446 (loose leaf)
LCSH: English language--Sentences--Problems, exercises, etc. |
English language--Paragraphs--Problems, exercises, etc.
LCC PE1441 .G34 2017 | DDC 808/.042–dc23
LC record available at https://lccn.loc.gov/2017001624
Copyright © 2018, 2015, 2011, 2009 by Pearson Education, Inc.
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1 17
Student Edition ISBN 10: 0-13-419539-6
Student Edition ISBN 13: 978-0-13-419539-1
A la Carte ISBN 10: 0-13-430944-8
A la Carte ISBN 13: 978-0-13-430944-6
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Brief Contents
PART I The Writing Process, 1 18 Fragments 253
1 Exploring 3
19 Run-Ons 262
2 Developing 11
20 Faulty Parallel Structure 269
3 Revising and Editing 28
21 Adjectives and Adverbs 278
4 Paragraph Patterns 41
22 Mistakes with Modifiers 294
5 Writing the Essay 84
23 Exact Language 305
24 Spelling 314
PART II The Editing Handbook, 99
25 Commonly Confused Words 327
6 Nouns, Determiners,
and Prepositions 101 26 Commas 337
7 Pronouns 117 27 The Apostrophe 350
8 Identifying Subjects and 28 Quotation Marks and
Verbs in Simple Sentences 135
Capitalization 360
9 Present and Past Tenses 146 29 Editing Practice 372
10 Past Participles 164
PART III Reading Strategies
and Selections, 379
11 Progressive Tenses 181
30 Reading Strategies
12 Other Verb Forms 190
and Selections 381
13 Subject–Verb Agreement 204 APPENDICES
Appendix 1 Grammar 431
14 Tense Consistency 218 Appendix 2 Verb Tenses 433
Appendix 3 Combining Ideas in Sentences 434
15 Compound Sentences 224 Appendix 4 Punctuation and Mechanics 435
Appendix 5 Spelling, Grammar,
16 Complex Sentences 235 and Vocabulary Logs 438
Credits 442
17 Sentence Variety 247 Index 444
iii
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Contents
Preface ix 5 Writing the Essay 84
Exploring the Essay 84
PART I The Writing Process, 1 Explore Topics 87
The Thesis Statement 88
1 Exploring 3
The Supporting Ideas 90
What Is Exploring? 3 The Essay Plan 91
Topic 4 The Introduction 93
Audience 4 The Conclusion 94
Purpose 4 The First Draft 95
Exploring Strategies 5 Revising and Editing the Essay 96
Journal and Portfolio Writing 8 The Final Draft 96
2 Developing 11 PART II The Editing Handbook, 99
What Is Developing? 11 SECTION 1: Some Parts of Speech
Narrow the Topic 13 THEME: Lifestyles
The Topic Sentence 14
The Supporting Ideas 19 6 Nouns, Determiners,
The Paragraph Plan 25 and Prepositions 101
The First Draft 26
Nouns 102
Count Nouns and Noncount Nouns 106
Determiners 107
3 Revising and Editing 28
Prepositions 111
What Are Revising and Editing? 28
Revise for Unity 29 7 Pronouns 117
Revise for Adequate Support 31
Pronoun–Antecedent Agreement 117
Revise for Coherence 33
Indefinite Pronouns 119
Revise for Style 35
Vague Pronouns 121
Edit for Errors 36
Pronoun Shifts 122
The Final Draft 39
Pronoun Case 124
Problems with Possessive Pronouns 125
4 Paragraph Patterns 41 Relative Pronouns 129
Reflexive Pronouns (-self, -selves) 131
What Are Paragraph Patterns? 41
A) The Illustration Paragraph 42
SECTION 2: Problems with Verbs
B) The Narration Paragraph 46
THEME: Entertainment and Culture
C) The Description Paragraph 50
D) The Process Paragraph 55
8 Identifying Subjects and Verbs
E) The Definition Paragraph 59
in Simple Sentences 135
F) The Comparison and Contrast Paragraph 63
G) The Cause and Effect Paragraph 68 Identifying Subjects 136
H) The Classification Paragraph 73 Identifying Prepositional Phrases 139
I) The Argument Paragraph 78 Identifying Verbs 140
v
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vi Contents
9 Present and Past Tenses 146 Combining Sentences Using Semicolons 229
Combining Sentences Using Transitional
Understanding Verb Tense 147 Expressions 230
The Simple Present Tense 147
The Simple Past Tense 153
Avoiding Double Negatives 160 16 Complex Sentences 235
10 Past Participles 164 Understanding Complex Sentences 235
Using Subordinating Conjunctions 237
Past Participles 164 Using Relative Pronouns 240
The Present Perfect Tense: Have/Has + Past Participle 169 Combining Questions 242
The Past Perfect Tense: Had + Past Participle 172
The Past Participle as an Adjective 174
The Passive Voice: Be + Past Participle 175 17 Sentence Variety 247
11 Progressive Tenses 181 Vary the Opening Words 247
Vary the Length and Structure of Sentences 249
Progressive Tenses 182
Present Progressive 182
Past Progressive 184 SECTION 5: Common Sentence Errors
Using Complete Verbs 186 THEME: The Earth and Beyond
Other Progressive Forms 187
18 Fragments 253
12 Other Verb Forms 190
Identifying Fragments 253
Modals 191 Phrase Fragments 254
Nonstandard Forms: Gonna, Gotta, Wanna 194 Explanatory Fragments 255
Conditional Forms 196 Dependent-Clause Fragments 257
Gerunds and Infinitives 199
19 Run-Ons 262
SECTION 3: Verb Agreement and
Consistency
Identifying and Correcting Run-Ons 263
THEME: Beliefs
13 Subject–Verb Agreement 204 20 Faulty Parallel Structure 269
Basic Subject–Verb Agreement Rules 205
Identifying Parallel Structure 270
Verb Before the Subject 209
Correcting Faulty Parallel Structure 271
More Than One Subject 210
Special Subject Forms 211
Interrupting Words and Phrases 213 SECTION 6: Modifiers
THEME: Relationships
14 Tense Consistency 218
21 Adjectives and Adverbs 278
Consistent Verb Tense 218
Adjectives 279
SECTION 4: Effective Sentences Adverbs 283
THEME: Trades and Technology Comparative and Superlative Forms 286
15 Compound Sentences 224
22 Mistakes with Modifiers 294
Comparing Simple and Compound Sentences 224
Combining Sentences Using Coordinating Misplaced Modifiers 295
Conjunctions 225 Dangling Modifiers 299
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Contents vii
SECTION 7: Word Use and Spelling Capitalization 366
THEME: Creatures Large and Small Titles 368
23 Exact Language 305
29 Editing Practice 372
Using a Dictionary and Thesaurus 306
Using Specific Vocabulary 308
Avoiding Clichés 310 PART III Reading Strategies
Slang versus Standard English 311 and Selections, 379
30 Reading Strategies and
24 Spelling 314
Selections 381
Improving Your Spelling 315
Reading Strategies 381
Writing ie or ei 315
Reading Selections 384
Adding Prefixes and Suffixes 316
“Fish Cheeks” by Amy Tan 384
Writing Two-Part Words 321 “Your World’s a Stage” by Josh Freed 386
120 Commonly Misspelled Words 322 “An Immigrant’s Summer of Firsts” by
Margarita Gokun Silver 388
“Celanthropists” by Katrina Onstad 391
25 Commonly Confused Words 327 “A Cultural Minefield” by William Ecenbarger 395
“Fads” by David A. Locher 398
Commonly Confused Words 328
“Shopping for Religion” by Ellen Goodman 400
“The Cat Bin Lady” by Matthew Fraser 403
“The Smell of Hope” by Al Andrews 407
SECTION 8: Punctuation and Mechanics
“Stargazing” by Bill Bryson 409
THEME: The Business World
“Saving Animals” by Tom Spears 411
“Is It Love or a Trick?” by Jon Katz 413
26 Commas 337 “How to Beat Work Stress” by Stephanie Goddard 417
“The Allure of Apple” by Juan Rodriguez 419
Understanding Commas 337
“How to Remember Names” by Roger Seip 422
Commas in a Series 338
“The Psychology of Price” by Terry O’Reilly 424
Commas After Introductory Words and Phrases 339 “Don’t Be a Work Hero” by Jim Braude 427
Commas Around Interrupting Words and
Phrases 340
Commas in Compound Sentences 342 APPENDICES
Commas in Complex Sentences 343 Appendix 1 Grammar 431
Commas in Business Letters 346 Appendix 2 Verb Tenses 433
Appendix 3 Combining Ideas in Sentences 434
27 The Apostrophe 350 Appendix 4 Punctuation and Mechanics 435
Appendix 5 Spelling, Grammar, and Vocabulary
Understanding Apostrophes 350 Logs 438
Using Apostrophes in Contractions 351 Credits 442
Using Apostrophes to Show Ownership 354 Index 444
Using Apostrophes in Expressions of Time 356
28 Quotation Marks and
Capitalization 360
Direct and Indirect Quotations 361
Quotation Marks 361
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Preface
Thank you for making The Writer’s World a
Green Transformations Matchmaking
resounding success. We are delighted that construction of old infrastructures
(e.g., High Line)
Sentences and Paragraphs has been able to help so
Tricking online Everyday chemistry Florida’s coral reefs
many students produce writing that is technically correct
dating systems
and richly detailed whether they have varying skill
The idea of Reality of “love at first Matchmaking careers
levels, whether they are native or nonnative speakers of marriage sight”
English, or whether they learn better using visuals.
Ashley Madison Couples who jointly Destruction of animal
When we started the first edition, we set out to website hacking run businesses habitats
develop practical and pedagogically sound approaches to Ethics of animal Socially responsible The “gig” economy
testing business models (e.g.,
these challenges. We began with the idea that collaboration
Etsy, Warby Parker
is crucial. So we met with more than forty-five instructors eyeglasses)
from around the country, asking for their opinions and Increasing Business and
insights regarding (1) the challenges posed by the course, minimum wage volunteering tips
(2) the needs of today’s ever-changing student population,
and (3) the ideas and features we were proposing to
New and More Images
provide them and you with a more effective teaching and
learning tool. For that first edition and every edition since, This edition presents new dynamic and vibrant images—
Pearson also commissioned dozens of detailed manuscript photos of colorful ethnic celebrations, pop culture icons,
reviews from instructors, asking them to analyze and and contemporary graffiti—that will engage students
evaluate each draft of the manuscript. These reviewers and prompt critical thinking.
identified numerous ways in which we could refine and
enhance our key features. Their invaluable feedback has
been incorporated throughout The Writer’s World. This text New Readings
is truly the product of a successful partnership between
In Chapter 30, six new readings, such as “How to Beat
the authors, publisher, and more than one hundred
Work Stress,” and “The Psychology of Price” relate to
developmental writing instructors.
the grammar themes. Thought-provoking essays from
Josh Freed, David Locher, Matthew Fraser, Stephanie
Goddard, Katrina Onstad, Bill Bryson, and Tom Spears
What’s New in the
discuss such topics as fads as well as issues related to
Fifth Edition? online consumer behavior, work-related stress, and
immigration.
New Grammar Practices
One-third of the grammar practices in Part II: The
Updated Film Writing Prompts
Editing Handbook are new, providing updated grammar
instruction through the lens of topical and culturally The film writing prompts in Chapter 30 have been
relevant content. Some topics for new practices include: updated to include more recent movies, as well as a
range of independent and mainstream selections, such
Stuffocation Mindfulness Link: Near-sightedness as The Revenant, Gone Girl, The Boy Next Door, Inside Out,
(owning too many and sunlight deprivation
Steve Jobs, and The Hunger Games.
things)
Myopia Government regulation Crowd-funding to
of sugary drinks finance projects
A Fresh Look
Film festivals How different cultures Myths facilitated or
use social media perpetrated by the
An updated, clean, and modern design streamlines
Internet
instruction and increases usability, allowing students to
Memes Coming-of-age rituals Cellphone apps
(e.g., FitBit) more effectively find and retain the information covered.
Advances in Dating apps Tiny-house/living small And, of course, our signature “sunglasses” are back on
prosthetic limbs movement the cover by popular demand!
ix
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