The World Reimagined: Americans and Human Rights in the Twentieth Century PDF
Preview The World Reimagined: Americans and Human Rights in the Twentieth Century
THE WORLD REIMAGINED AmericansandHumanRightsintheTwentiethCentury ConcernsaboutrightsintheUnitedStateshavealonghistory,butthearticula- tionofglobalhumanrightsinthetwentiethcenturywassomethingaltogether different. Global human rights offered individuals unprecedented guarantees beyondthenationfortheprotectionofpolitical,economic,social,andcultural freedoms.TheWorldReimaginedexploreshowtheserevolutionarydevelopments firstbecamebelievabletoAmericansinthe1940sandthe1970sthroughevery- day vernaculars as they emerged in political and legal thought, photography, film, novels, memoirs and soundscapes. Together they offered fundamentally novel ways for Americans to understand what it means to feel free, culminat- ingintoday’subiquitousmorallanguageofhumanrights.Setagainstasweeping transnationalcanvas,thebookpresentsanewhistoryofhowAmericansthought andactedinthetwentieth-centuryworld. MarkPhilipBradleyistheBernadotteE.SchmittProfessorofHistoryattheUni- versityofChicago,wherehealsoservesastheFacultyDirectorofthePozenFam- ilyCenterforHumanRightsandChairoftheCommitteeonInternationalRela- tions.HeistheauthorofImaginingVietnamandAmerica:TheMakingofPostcolo- nialVietnam(2000),whichwontheHarryJ.BendaPrizefromtheAssociationfor Asian Studies, and Vietnam at War (2009). He is the co-editor of Familiar Made Strange: American Icons and Artifacts after the Transnational Turn (2015), Making SenseoftheVietnamWars(2008),andTruthClaims:RepresentationandHumanRights (2001).Bradleyis theformerpresidentoftheSocietyforHistoriansofAmeri- canForeignRelations.HisworkhasbeensupportedbytheAmericanCouncilof LearnedSocietiesandtheNationalEndowmentfortheHumanities. HUMAN RIGHTS IN HISTORY Editedby Stefan-LudwigHoffmann,UniversityofCalifornia,Berkeley SamuelMoyn,HarvardUniversity,Massachusetts This series showcases new scholarship exploring the backgrounds of human rightstoday.Withanopen-endedchronologyandinternationalperspective,the seriesseeksworksattentivetothesurprisesandcontingenciesinthehistorical originsandlegaciesofhumanrightsidealsandinterventions.Booksintheseries will focus not only on the intellectual antecedents and foundations of human rights,butalsoontheincorporationoftheconceptbymovements,nation-states, internationalgovernance,andtransnationallaw. Alsointheseries: StevenL.B.Jensen,TheMakingofInternationalHumanRights:The1960s, Decolonization,andtheReconstructionofGlobalValues EleanorDavey,IdealismbeyondBorders:TheFrenchRevolutionaryLeftandthe RiseofHumanitarianism,1954–1988 JörgFisch,translatedbyAnitaMage,TheRightofSelf-DeterminationofPeoples: TheDomesticationofanIllusion FabianKlose,editor,TheEmergenceofHumanitarianIntervention:Ideasand PracticefromtheNineteenthCenturytothePresent Young-sunHong,ColdWarGermany,theThirdWorld,andtheGlobal HumanitarianRegime HeideFehrenbachandDavideRodogno,editors,HumanitarianPhotography: AHistory JayWinterandAntoineProst,RenéCassinandHumanRights:FromtheGreat WartotheUniversalDeclaration SarahB.Snyder,HumanRightsActivismandtheEndoftheColdWar:A TransnationalHistoryoftheHelsinkiNetwork Stefan-LudwigHoffmann,editor,HumanRightsintheTwentiethCentury THE WORLD REIMAGINED Americans and Human Rights in the Twentieth Century Mark Philip Bradley UniversityofChicago OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9780521829755 (cid:2)C CambridgeUniversityPress2016 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2016 PrintedintheUnitedStatesofAmericabySheridanBooks AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. LibraryofCongressCataloguinginPublicationData Bradley,Mark,1961–author. Theworldreimagined:Americansandhumanrightsinthetwentiethcentury/Mark PhilipBradley(TheUniversityofChicago). NewYork,NY:CambridgeUniversityPress,2016. Humanrightsinhistory Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex. LCCN2016008587 ISBN9780521829755(hardback:alkalinepaper) LCSH:Humanrights–UnitedStates–History–20thcentury. UnitedStates–Foreignrelations–1945-1989. Humanrights– Language–History–20thcentury. Socialchange–History–20thcentury. War–Moralandethicalaspects–History–20thcentury. Decolonization–History–20thcentury. Globalization–Politicalaspects– History–20thcentury. Transnationalism–Politicalaspects–History– 20thcentury. Worldpolitics–1945–1989. LCCJC599.U5B63 2016 DDC323.0973/0904–dc23 LCrecordavailableathttps://lccn.loc.gov/2016008587 ISBN978-0-521-82975-5Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyInternetWebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchWebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. ToIlsaLillianandPeterJohan Contents Figures page ix Acknowledgments xiii Introduction:HowItFeelstobeFree. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .1 PART ONE: THE 1940S 1 AtHomeintheWorld. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .19 2 TheWartimeRightsImagination. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .41 3 BeyondBelief. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .70 4 ConditionsofPossibility . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 92 PART TWO: THE 1970S 5 Circulations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 128 6 AmericanVernacularsI. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .156 7 AmericanVernacularsII . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 180 8 TheMovement. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .198 Coda:TheSenseofanEnding. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .227 Notes 241 Index 295 VII
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