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/ • '/ i Research Guide Index iSs^^t\» r*r^ Boston Public Library REFERENCE Research Guide/Index Volume 22 The World Book Encyclopedia World Book, Inc. aScottFetzercompany Chicago The World Book Encyclopedia ©World Book, Inc.All rights reserved.This volume may not be reproduced in whole or in part in anyform without priorwritten permission from the publisher. World Book, Inc. 233 North Michigan Chicago, IL60601 www.worldbook.com WORLD BOOKandtheGLOBEDEVICEareregisteredtrademarks ortrademarksofWorld Book,Inc. Copyright©2003,2002,2001,2000, 1999, 1998,1997, 1996, 1995,1994, 1993, 1992, 1991, 1990, 1989, 1988, 1987, 1986, 1985, 1984, 1983byWorld Book,Inc. Copyright©1982,1981,1980, 1979, 1978byWorld Book-ChildcraftInternational, Inc. Copyright©1977,1976, 1975,1974, 1973, 1972, 1971, 1970, 1969, 1968, 1967, 1966, 1965, 1964, 1963, 1962,1961, 1960, 1959,1958, 1957byField EnterprisesEducationalCorporation. 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ISBN0-7166-0103-6 LibraryofCongressControl Number 2002068987 Printed intheUnited StatesofAmerica 03 5432 1 About volume this Thisvolume consists oftwo basic parts: Acomprehensiveindexto WorldBook An instructional section,AStudentGuideto BetterWriting, Speaking,and Research Skills The index includes morethan 150,000 entriesthatdirectyou to information in WorldBook.The index,togetherwith WorldBook's extensive system ofcross-references, its singlealphabetical arrangement, and its otherease-of-usefeatures, helpsyou find whatyou wantto knowquickly and easily. Forgeneral instructions on howtofind afactoran article in WorldBook, seethe section"Howto use WorldBook"in VolumeA.To learn howto usethe Index, see page 2 ofthisvolume.The index itself begins on page 39. The section"A StudentGuideto BetterWriting, Speaking,and Re- search Skills"begins on page4. It includes practical advice on suchtopics as improvingyourwriting skills and preparing a shortreport, a bookre- view,and aterm paper; preparing, rehearsing, and delivering a speech; and using a library's resources andtapping othersources of information. Related information on conducting research follows on page 35. Included are a Glossaryoftermsand abbreviations encountered in research;a list- ing ofgeneral and specific Selectedreferencebooks;and information on two systemsforarranging materials in a library—DeweyDecimalClassifi- cationand LibraryofCongressClassification. This volume was prepared with theadvice ofthe WorldBookAdvisory Board, other leading educators, practicingteachers,and skilled librarians. I How to use the index The index is designedto help you find information in Sometimesyou will find two page numbers afterati- WorldBook Ittellsyou whatarticles have information tle and subheading.Theyindicatethatthe section re- on the subjectyou are looking up.To make iteven easi- ferred to covers morethan one page and begins onthe erforyou to find whatyou seek,the index refersyou to first page listed, butthe informationyou seekappears the specificvolumeand page wherethe information ap- on the second: pears. If itsendsyou to afairly long article, ittellsyou which section orsections ofthatarticleto lookfor. WorldTradeCenter The referencesto WorldBookappear underindex NewYorkCity(Manhattan) IM:323-324 headingsthatare printed in heavytype.These headings are arranged in alphabetical order.Tofind where World The indexentries listed underan index heading nor- Bookcontains information onyoursubject, simply look mallyappearin alphabetical order. But ifone entry is foran index headingthatseemsto matchthe subject much more importantas a source ofthe information you are seeking. Forexample, ifyou are lookingforin- you seek, itappearsfirst formation on employment, lookforthe index heading Flavor Employment TasteT:50 Spice So:781 and you havefound the referencesyou want Ifthe index headingyou find is alsothetitle ofan arti- Some headings have onlyafewentries underthem. cle in WorldBook,the volume and page numberare Others, such astheAfrica heading, have many. In many shown immediatelyafterthe heading. Inthe case of long lists,you will findthe entries divided into smaller groups under such subjects asAgriculture,Artand ar- MythologyM:973 chitecture, and Education. the index heading and articletitle arethe same, and the Identifiers,words or phrases in brackets, indicate M article begins on page 973 ofthe volume. Page num- which ofseveral similar headings isthe oneyou seek bers inthetwo Cvolumes are indicated with Cand Ci, andthose inthetwo Svolumes are indicated with 5and Core[botany] So. Page numbersforthe volumesthatcontain more Core[electromagnetisml than one letterindicatethe letteryou seek, ratherthan Core[geologyl thefirst letterofthevolume. Forexample,the reference Core[nuclearreactor] to"Yankee Doodle"sendsyou to Y:554, page 554 ofthe CORE[organization] W-X-Y-Zvolume. Coreisun] Ifthe heading you find is notthetitle ofan article,you will find thetitles of WorldBookarticles listed as index Some identifiers are notcomplete in themselves, but entriesin lighttype underthe heading: the articletitlesthatfollowthem completethe identifica- tion. Microbe MicrobiologyM:513 Lincoln,WilliamWallace[son of] Lincoln,Abraham (Lincoln'sfamily)L:315 Ifthe article referred to is divided into sections,you will find the appropriate subheadings in parentheses Cross-referencesguideyou in using the index.A see between the article title and the page number, pinpoint- reference meansthatthe informationyou seekappears ing the place wherethe information may befound: underanotherheading, ratherthan the oneyou have chosen: Aksum [ancientcountry] A:255 withmap Africa(The influence ofChristianity)A:131 Feisal Eritrea(History) E:353 SeeFaisal inthisindex A seealsoreference indicatesthatanother heading in ed tothe subjectofthe index headingyou found, even the index has entriesyou maywantto lookup. though no significanttext information onthatsubject appears onthe same page. Inthe case of Accident SeealsoFirstaid inthisindex Revere,Paul Boston MassacrepictureonB:505 Manycross-references send youto lists ofRelated arti- cles: the picture illustrates Reveres handiwork butthe Boston Massacre article does notgo into detail about SeealsothelistofRelatedarticlesinthe Revere. American literature article Theorderofheadingsinthis indexis alphabetical, You canthusfind the long lists ofarticles in World withthe items arranged word byword, not letterbylet- Book,such asthis listofAmerican authors, butthese ter,justastheyare in WorldBook: lists do nottake up space in the index. ConsumerPriceIndex Referencestoillustrationsappearalong with other Consumerism references inthis index, not separately.The wording ConsumersLeague,National showswhetheryou will find both pictures andtext information oronly pictures onthe pages listed. Ifthe en- Letters are usuallyregarded as separate words unless trysays withpicture, withportrait, withdiagram, with they normallyform parts ofa largerword oran map,ora similar phrase, itindicatesthattext material acronym: appears onthe page named and thata related illustration appears onthe same page orthe pagefacing it In E[letter] the case of EPluribusUnum Eakins,Thomas Brake[mechanics! EAM[organization] Automobile (The brake system)A:954 Numbersatthe beginnings ofheadings aretreated as withdiagram thoughtheywere spelled out, even whentheyappear asfigures: thetextinformation appears on A:954 and is accompa- nied bya diagram showing a brake system. FifthRepublic Ifthe entrysayspictureon, diagram on,or mapona 50°summerisotherm given page, it indicatesthatthe illustration listed is relat- Fifty-FourFortyorFight 4 A Guide to Writing Skills A Student Guide to Better Writing, Speaking, and Research Skills Do you panic when faced with a a better writer. It also provides vides useful information on the writing assignment? Are you ner- how-to-advice on preparing a different kinds ofspeeches and vous about getting up to speak short report and on preparing a easy-to-follow tips on rehearsing before a group? Do you some- book report. In addition, it takes and delivering a speech. The sec- times find it difficult to find the you through the various steps in- tion concludes with helpful hints right research materials? You're volved in preparing a research pa- on the effective use ofaudio-visu- not alone. Many students have the per: from making a schedule and al aids. same problems. That's why we choosing a topic, through back- — developed this section to help ground reading and making an A Guide to Research Skills, part you improve your skills in these outline, to writing a first draft, three, helps you get the most of important areas. making the final copy, and prepar- the resources from the library or ing footnotes and a list of media center. It includes detailed A Student Guide to Better Writ- sources. information about library catalog ing. Speaking, and Research Skills systems and reference sources. It consists of three parts. Part one. Part two. A Guide to Speaking tells how to evaluate reference A Guide to Writing Skills, includes Skills, covers the six basic steps in sources and how to prepare practical tips to help you become preparing a speech. It also pro- source cards and take notes. The