The World and Its People: Eastern Hemisphere Alabama - Glencoe

331 Pages·2004·11.94 MB·English

Active Reading
Note-Taking Guide
Student Workbook
Douglas Fisher
San Diego State University
A A
BOUT THE UTHOR
Douglas Fisher is a faculty member at San Diego State University and
directs the professional development programs for the City Heights Edu-
cational Collaborative. His academic areas of study include language
development, language arts, and literacy.
Copyright ©by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is granted to reproduce
the material contained herein on the condition that such material be reproduced only for classroom
use; be provided to students, teachers, and families without charge; and be used solely in conjunction
with The World and Its People. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without prior written
permission from the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, Ohio 43240-4027
ISBN 0-07-868058-1
Printed in the United States of America
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 079 08 07 06 05 04
Letter to the Student
..................................................................................................vii
Chapter 1 Looking at the Earth
Section 1 Thinking Like a Geographer ....................................................................1
Section 2 The Earth in Space....................................................................................7
Section 3 Forces Shaping the Earth........................................................................12
Section 4 Landforms and Waterways ......................................................................18
Chapter 2 Water, Climate, and Vegetation
Section 1 The Water Planet ....................................................................................23
Section 2 Climate....................................................................................................28
Section 3 Climate Zones and Vegetation ................................................................35
Section 4 An Environmental Balance......................................................................41
Chapter 3 The World’s People
Section 1 Understanding Culture............................................................................46
Section 2 Population Patterns ................................................................................50
Section 3 Resources and World Trade ....................................................................55
Section 4 Technology “Shrinks”the World..............................................................61
Chapter 4 Europe—Early History
Section 1 Classical Greece and Rome ....................................................................65
Section 2 Medieval Europe......................................................................................70
Section 3 From Renaissance to Revolution ............................................................76
Chapter 5 Europe—Modern History
Section 1 The Modern Era Emerges........................................................................81
Section 2 A Divided Continent ..............................................................................86
Section 3 Moving Toward Unity..............................................................................94
Chapter 6 Western Europe Today
Section 1 The British Isles ......................................................................................97
Section 2 France and the Benelux Countries........................................................102
Section 3 Germany and the Alpine Countries ......................................................107
Section 4 The Nordic Nations ..............................................................................112
Section 5 Southern Europe ..................................................................................118
Table of Contents iii
Chapter 7 The New Eastern Europe
Section 1 Poland and the Baltic Republics............................................................124
Section 2 Hungarians,Czechs,and Slovaks ..........................................................129
Section 3 Rebuilding the Balkan Countries..........................................................135
Section 4 Ukraine,Belarus,and Moldova..............................................................141
Chapter 8 Russia’s Landscape and History
Section 1 A Vast Land............................................................................................145
Section 2 A Troubled History................................................................................150
Chapter 9 The New Russia and Independent Republics
Section 1 From Communism to Free Enterprise ..................................................155
Section 2 Russia’s People and Culture..................................................................160
Section 3 The Republics Emerge..........................................................................166
Chapter 10 Birthplace of Civilization
Section 1 Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt ..........................................................170
Section 2 Three World Religions ..........................................................................175
Chapter 11 North Africa Today
Section 1 Egypt ....................................................................................................180
Section 2 Libya and the Maghreb..........................................................................185
Chapter 12 Southwest Asia
Section 1 Turkey,Syria,Lebanon,Jordan ..............................................................191
Section 2 Israel and the Palestinian Territories ....................................................197
Section 3 The Arabian Peninsula ..........................................................................202
Section 4 Iraq,Iran,and Afghanistan ....................................................................206
Chapter 13 West Africa
Section 1 Nigeria—African Giant..........................................................................211
Section 2 The Sahel and Coastal West Africa ........................................................216
iv Table of Contents
Chapter 14 Central and East Africa
Section 1 Central Africa ........................................................................................221
Section 2 People of Kenya and Tanzania ..............................................................227
Section 3 Uganda,Rwanda,and Burundi ..............................................................231
Section 4 The Horn of Africa................................................................................235
Chapter 15 Southern Africa—A Varied Region
Section 1 The New South Africa ..........................................................................241
Section 2 Zambia,Malawi,Zimbabwe,Botswana..................................................245
Section 3 Coastal and Island Countries ................................................................250
Chapter 16 South Asia
Section 1 India—Past and Present .......................................................................256
Section 2 Pakistan and Bangladesh ......................................................................261
Section 3 Mountain Kingdoms,Island Republics..................................................265
Chapter 17 China and Its Neighbors
Section 1 China’s Land and New Economy..........................................................271
Section 2 Dynasties to Communism ....................................................................275
Section 3 China’s Neighbors ................................................................................280
Chapter 18 Japan and the Koreas
Section 1 Japan—Past and Present........................................................................284
Section 2 The Two Koreas ....................................................................................290
Chapter 19 Southeast Asia
Section 1 Life on the Mainland ............................................................................295
Section 2 Diverse Island Cultures ........................................................................300
Chapter 20 Australia and New Zealand
Section 1 Australia—Land Down Under ..............................................................305
Section 2 New Zealand ........................................................................................310
Chapter 21 Oceania and Antarctica
Section 1 Pacific Island Cultures and Economies ................................................314
Section 2 The Frozen Continent ..........................................................................319
Table of Contents v

A Note from the Author
Can you believe it? The start of another school year is upon
you. How exciting to be learning about different cultures,
historical events, and unique places in your social studies class!
I believe that this Active Reading Note-Taking Guide will help
you as you learn about your community, nation, and world.
Note-Taking and Student Success will help you focus on the important informa-
tion in the lesson.As you become more com-
Did you know that the ability to take notes
fortable using the Cornell Note-Taking
helps you become a better student? Research
System,you will see that it is an important
suggests that good notes help you become
tool that helps you organize information.
more successful on tests because the act of
taking notes helps you remember and under-
stand content.This Active Reading Note- The Importance of Graphic Organizers
Taking Guide is a tool that you can use to
Second,there are many graphic organizers
achieve this goal.I’d like to share some of the
in this Active Reading Note-Taking Guide.
features of this Active Reading Note-Taking
Graphic organizers allow you to see the les-
Guide with you before you begin your studies.
son’s important information in a visual format.
In addition,graphic organizers help you
The Cornell Note-Taking System
understand and summarize information,as
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es,I First,you will notice that the pages in the well as remember the content.
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Hill organize your thinking.This two-column Research-Based Vocabulary Development
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Th column on the left side of the page highlights Active Reading Note-Taking Guide.When you
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b the main ideas and vocabulary of the lesson. know the meaning of the words used to dis-
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ght This column will help you find information cuss information,you are able to understand
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quickly.You can also use this column to likely to be successful in school when you
sketch drawings that further help you visually have vocabulary knowledge.When
remember the lesson’s information.In the col- researchers study successful students,they
umn on the right side of the page,you will find that as students acquire vocabulary
write detailed notes about the main ideas and knowledge,their ability to learn improves.The
vocabulary.The notes you take in this column Active Reading Note-Taking Guide focuses
A Note from the Author vii
on learning words that are very specific to between their lives and the text and predict
understanding the content of your textbook. what will happen next in the reading.They
It also highlights general academic words that question the information and the author of
you need to know so that you can understand the text,clarify information and ideas,and
any textbook.Learning new vocabulary words visualize what the text is saying.Good read-
will help you succeed in school. ers also summarize the information that is
presented and make inferences or draw con-
clusions about the facts and ideas.
Writing Prompts and Note-Taking
I wish you well as you begin another
Finally,there are a number of writing exer- school year.This Active Reading Note-Taking
cises included in this Active Reading Note- Guide is designed to help you understand the
Taking Guide.Did you know that writing information in your social studies class.The
helps you to think more clearly? It’s true. guide will be a valuable tool that will also
Writing is a useful tool that helps you know if provide you with skills you can use through-
you understand the information in your text- out your life.
book.It helps you assess what you have
learned. I hope you have a successful school year.
You will see that many of the writing exer-
Sincerely,
cises require you to practice the skills of good
readers.Good readers make connections Douglas Fisher
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viii A Note from the Author
Chapter 1, Section 1
Thinking Like a Geographer
(Pages 22–27)
Setting a Purpose for Reading Think about this question as you read:
• What tools do geographers use to understand the world?
As you read pages 22–27 in your textbook,complete this chart by filling in three
examples for each heading.
How Geographers View the World
1.
2.
3.
Tools of Geography
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Chapter 1,Section 1 1
A Geographer’s View of Place
(pages 23–24)
Look at the subheadings, illustrations, and captions that
follow the first main heading. Then answer the following
questions.
1. How are the ideas in the text organized?__________________________
2. What do you already know about the earth?________________________
3. What would you like to find out as you read?______________________
Complete each sentence with one of the terms below.
geography landform environment
1. An individual feature of the land is called a(n) ___________________ .
2. The study of the earth in all its variety is called ___________________ .
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3. An example of a(n) ____________________ is a valley. righ
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4. ____________________ explains where people live,how they live,and h
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____ 1. Italy a. country with huge regions,
including the West
____ 2. United States
b. location of Mount Etna
c. land area that contains rivers
____ 3. Antarctica
of ice
d. region of South Asia
2 Chapter 1,Section 1