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The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences PDF

840 Pages·2011·10.209 MB·English
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Praise for The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences Fresh and comprehensive, this meaty volume provides an unusually deep discussion of individual differences. With the recent explosion of research, the time is right for this wonderful update. Don’t look for this handbook on my bookshelves—it will be on my desk and in use. Robert B. Kaiser, Partner, Kaplan DeVries Inc., USA Some of the world’s top researchers give us authoritative and engaging overviews of the central topics in individual differences, such as personality, creativity, intelligence, genetics and evolution, work, motivation, special abilities and happiness, making this a comprehensive guide for understanding how and why people differ. Robert Plomin, Research Professor, Institute of Psychiatry, King’s College London, UK This handbook provides a diverse multidisciplinary collection of chapters by leading researchers. Domains covered range from intelligence to personality, interests, and motivation—and from basic research on brain functions to real-world implications in the workplace and beyond. Phillip L. Ackerman, Professor of Psychology, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, USA There is much in this handbook that does not simply summarize present knowledge but foreshadows the future state of differential psychology. Of use to the beginning student as well as the seasoned psychologist, any serious psychology library should possess this handbook. Philip J. Corr, Professor of Psychology, University of East Anglia, UK This impressive collection of antecedents, contemporary theory, and the latest empiri- cal research does not shy away from controversial stances or highlighting consensual elements of the fi eld, making this a must-read for students, practitioners, and research- ers alike. Richard D. Roberts, Principal Research Scientist, Research and Development, Educational Testing Service, USA With contributions from many leading researchers in differential psychology, The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences provides an up-to-date and com- prehensive overview of individual differences research. This book will be a valuable resource for anyone interested in the fi eld. Tony Vernon, Professor of Psychology, University of Western Ontario, USA With thoughtful and well-written chapters—ranging from the genetics of individual differences, to the relation between intelligence and personality, to the traces that different individuals leave behind in their physical environments—this handbook manages to be both highly readable and thoroughly informative. Colin G. DeYoung, Assistant Professor of Psychology, University of Minnesota, USA Wiley - Blackwell Handbooks in Personality and Individual Differences This important series of handbooks provides a cutting- edge overview of classic, con- temporary and future trends in research across Personality and Individual Differences. Each handbook draws together a collection of newly commissioned chapters to provide a comprehensive examination of a sub - discipline in the area. The international teams of editors and contributors to the handbooks have been specifi cally chosen for their expertise and knowledge of each particular subject. The Wiley - Blackwell Handbooks in Personality and Individual Differences will provide an invaluable resource for advanced students and researchers as an authoritative defi - nition of their chosen fi eld. The Wiley-Blackwell Handbook of Individual Differences Edited by Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Sophie von Stumm, and Adrian Furnham A John Wiley & Sons, Ltd., Publication This edition fi rst published 2011 © 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd Blackwell Publishing was acquired by John Wiley & Sons in February 2007. Blackwell’s publishing program has been merged with Wiley’s global Scientifi c, Technical, and Medical business to form Wiley-Blackwell. Registered Offi ce John Wiley & Sons Ltd, The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, United Kingdom Editorial Offi ces 350 Main Street, Malden, MA 02148-5020, USA 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford, OX4 2DQ, UK The Atrium, Southern Gate, Chichester, West Sussex, PO19 8SQ, UK For details of our global editorial offi ces, for customer services, and for information about how to apply for permission to reuse the copyright material in this book please see our website at www.wiley.com/wiley-blackwell. The right of Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Sophie von Stumm, and Adrian Furnham to be identifi ed as the authors of the editorial material in this work has been asserted in accordance with the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, except as permitted by the UK Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, without the prior permission of the publisher. Wiley also publishes its books in a variety of electronic formats. Some content that appears in print may not be available in electronic books. Designations used by companies to distinguish their products are often claimed as trademarks. All brand names and product names used in this book are trade names, service marks, trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners. The publisher is not associated with any product or vendor mentioned in this book. This publication is designed to provide accurate and authoritative information in regard to the subject matter covered. It is sold on the understanding that the publisher is not engaged in rendering professional services. If professional advice or other expert assistance is required, the services of a competent professional should be sought. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The Wiley-Blackwell handbook of individual differences / [edited by] Dr Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Sophie von Stumm, Adrian Furnham. p. cm. -- (Wiley-Blackwell handbooks in personality and individual differences; 1) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-1-4443-3438-8 (hardback) 1. Individual differences--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 2. Personality--Handbooks, manuals, etc. 3. Intelligence--Handbooks, manuals, etc. I. Chamorro-Premuzic, Tomas. II. Von Stumm, Sophie. III. Furnham, Adrian. BF697.W4933 2011 155.2'2--dc22 2010047214 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Set in 10/12.5 pt Galliard by Toppan Best-set Premedia Limited 1 2011 Contents List of Plates viii List of Figures ix List of Tables xii List of Contributors xiv Preface xvi List of Abbreviations xix Part I Individual Differences: An Up-to-Date Historical and Methodological Overview 1 1 Individual Differences and Differential Psychology: A Brief History and Prospect 3 William Revelle, Joshua Wilt, and David M. Condon 2 Methodological Advances in Differential Psychology 39 William Revelle, David M. Condon, and Joshua Wilt Part II Intelligence and Personality: Structure and Development 75 Section 1 Personality 77 3 Personality Development across the Life Span 77 Jaap J. A. Denissen, Marcel A. G. van Aken, and Brent W. Roberts 4 Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory, Research, Applications, and Future 101 Luke D. Smillie, Natalie J. Loxton, and Rachel E. Avery 5 The General Factor of Personality: Normal and Abnormal 132 J. Philippe Rushton and Paul Irwing vi Contents 6 Five into One Doesn’t Go: A Critique of the General Factor of Personality 162 Eamonn Ferguson, Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, Alan Pickering, and Alexander Weiss Section 2 Intelligence 187 7 The Nature and Structure of “Intelligence” 187 Charlie L. Reeve and Silvia Bonaccio 8 Re-Visiting Intelligence–Personality Associations: Vindicating Intellectual Investment 217 Sophie von Stumm, Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic, and Phillip L. Ackerman 9 Individual Differences in Cognitive Aging 242 Elliot M. Tucker-Drob and Timothy A. Salthouse Part III Biological Causes of Individual Differences 269 10 Behavior Genetics 271 Frank M. Spinath and Wendy Johnson 11 Molecular Genetic Aspects of Personality 305 Alexander Strobel and Burkhard Brocke 12 Understanding Human Intelligence by Imaging the Brain 330 Roberto Colom and Paul M. Thompson 13 Evolutionary Psychology and Individual Differences 353 Satoshi Kanazawa Part IV Individual Differences and Real-World Outcomes 377 Section 1 Work 379 14 Individual Differences at Work 379 Deniz S. Ones and Chockalingam Viswesvaran 15 Leadership 408 Robert Hogan and Ghufran Ahmad Section 2 Health, Longevity, and Death 427 16 Cognitive Epidemiology: Concepts, Evidence, and Future Directions 427 Catherine M. Calvin, G. David Batty, and Ian J. Deary 17 Personality and Differences in Health and Longevity 461 Margaret L. Kern and Howard S. Friedman Section 3 Society 491 18 Personality and the Laws of History 491 Robert Hogan and Tomas Chamorro-Premuzic Contents vii 19 Individual Differences and Antisocial Behavior 512 Vincent Egan 20 Intelligence and Social Inequality: Why the Biological Link? 538 Linda S. Gottfredson Part V Motivation and Vocational Interests 577 21 Goal-Setting: A State Theory, but Related to Traits 579 Gary P. Latham, Deshani B. Ganegoda, and Edwin A. Locke 22 Personality and Approaches to Learning 588 Adrian Furnham 23 Vocational Interests: The Road Less Traveled 608 Patrick Ian Armstrong, Rong Su, and James Rounds Part VI Competence beyond IQ 633 Section 1 Special Abilities 635 24 Exceptional Talent and Genius 635 Dean Keith Simonton 25 Ability and Trait Emotional Intelligence 656 K. V. Petrides 26 Individual Differences in Creativity 679 James C. Kaufman Section 2 Relationships and Subjective Well-Being 699 27 Personality and Happiness: Predicting the Experience of Subjective Well-Being 699 William Pavot and Ed Diener 28 Self-Esteem: Enduring Issues and Controversies 718 M. Brent Donnellan, Kali H. Trzesniewski, and Richard W. Robins 29 Love at First Sight? Individual Differences and the Psychology of Initial Romantic Attraction 747 Viren Swami 30 Manifestations of Individual Differences in Physical and Virtual Environments 773 Lindsay T. Graham, Carson J. Sandy, and Samuel D. Gosling Index 801 List of Plates 1 Genetic continuum of similarity in brain structure 2 Image analysis steps for detecting differences in cortical anatomy 3 Statistical maps of cortical structure 4 Correlations between regional gray matter and digit symbol scores, picture completion, and block design (N = 48) 5 Correlations between gray matter and measures of g (conjunction of block design and vocabulary; left panel), working - memory capacity (WMC; total digit span score; middle panel), and the overlap between the two (right panel) are shown on standard magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) templates (frontal, left, and right, respectively) 6 Regional correlations between gray matter density and individual differences in g ( N = 104) 7 The 15 facets of the TEIQue, positioned with reference to their corresponding factor. Note that adaptability and self - motivation (“ auxiliary” or “ independent” facets) are not keyed to any factor, but feed directly into the global trait EI score List of Figures 1.1 Gideon ’ s double dissociation test 5 1.2 Success rate in Army Air Force elementary pilot classes as a function of the ability scored in stanines 11 3.1 Patterns of mean- level personality change in the Big Five (for extraversion, the facets of social dominance and social vitality are distinguished) across eight different age periods 79 3.2 Rank - order test– retest correlations of personality across 10 different age periods 82 3.3 General model of personality continuity, created by Fraley and Roberts 8 2 3.4 Cross- lagged paths between personality (P1, P2) and social relationship (SR1, SR2), and correlated change of personality and environment at time 2 (Rp, Rsr), controlling for both variables’ long - term stability 89 5.1 The GFP going to the Big Two to the Big Five using the medians from Digman’ s (1997) 14 samples 134 5.2 The GFP in the Guilford– Zimmerman Temperament Survey going from the GFP to three higher - order factors to the 10 primary traits 1 39 5.3 The GFP in the California Psychological Inventory going from the GFP to the Big Two to six higher - order factors to the 20 primary traits 140 5.4 The GFP in the Temperament and Character Inventory going from the GFP to three higher - order factors to the seven primary traits 141 5.5 The GFP in the Comrey Personality Scales going from the GFP to three higher - order factors to the eight primary traits 142 5.6 The GFP in the Multidimensional Personality Questionnaire going from the GFP to the Big Two to fi ve higher- order factors to the 11 primary traits 143 x List of Figures 5.7 The GFP in the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory– 2 going from the GFP to the Big Two to four higher - order factors to the 10 primary traits 144 5.8 The GFP in the Millon Clinical Multiaxial Inventory going from the GFP to fi ve higher- order factors to the Big Two, of internalizing and externalizing, to the 24 primary traits (not shown) 1 45 5.9 The GFP in the Personality Assessment Inventory going from the GFP to fi ve higher- order factors to the 18 primary scales (not shown) 146 5.10 The GFP in the Dimensional Assessment of Personality Pathology going from the GFP to four higher - order factors to the 18 primary scales 147 5.11 The genetic and environmental architecture of the GFP in the prosocial and EAS temperament scales from South Korean 2 - to 9- year - olds 150 5.12 Hierarchical factor structure of four inventories taken together (JPI, HPI, Mini- Markers, BFI) showing the correlations between the GFPs 153 5.13 A multi - trait – multi - method model of the GFP from self - , teacher- , and parent- ratings going from the GFP to the Big Two to the Big Five from a re - analysis of Barbaranelli et al.’ s (2008) data 154 7.1 Vernon ’ s hierarchical model 1 93 7.2 Guilford ’ s structure of intellect (SOI) model 194 7.3 Schematic representation of the radex model of cognitive abilities 195 7.4 Carroll’ s three- stratum model of cognitive abilities 198 7.5 Structural representation of the visual– perceptual– rotational (VPR) model 2 00 7.6 Schematic representation of the contemporary thinking on the structure of mental abilities 200 7.7 Illustration of the constructs and infl uences in the PPIK theory 207 8.1 Theoretical perspectives on IPA 2 19 8.2 Theoretical pathways through which intellectual investment affects life- satisfaction 232 9.1 Cross- sectional age trends from the Virginia Cognitive Aging Project at the University of Virginia 244 9.2 Cross- sectional and Longitudinal age trends in inductive reasoning from the Seattle Longitudinal Study 245 9.3 Localizing cross- sectional aging- related differences in a hierarchical structure 250 9.4 Illustration of differential preservation (left) and preserved differentiation (right) scenarios 252

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