The Wild Within The Wild Within Histories of a Landmark British Zoo Andrew Flack University of Virginia Press | Charlottesville and London University of Virginia Press © 2018 by the Rector and Visitors of the University of Virginia All rights reserved Printed in the United States of America on acid- free paper First published 2018 ISBN 978-0-8139-4093-9 (cloth) ISBN 978-0-8139-4095-3 (ebook) 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging- in-Publication Data is available from the Library of Congress Cover photo: Detail of lion cage with crowds, c. 1905. (Roy Vaughan Collection, Bristol Zoological Society Archive, courtesy of the Bristol Zoological Society) For Jessica, Oscar, and Evelyn I think I could turn and live with animals, they are so placid and self- contain’d I stand and look at them long and long. They bring me tokens of myself. —Walt Whitman, “Song of Myself” The image of a wild animal becomes the starting point of a daydream: a point from which the daydreamer departs with his back turned. —John Berger, “Why Look at Animals?” Contents Acknowledgments xi Introduction 1 1. Harvest and Heritage 23 2. The Theaters of Animality 59 3. The Great Experiment 91 4. Minding the Human- Animal Borderlands 117 5. The Power of Nature, and the Natures of Power 153 6. The Faces of the Beasts 179 Notes 191 Bibliography 219 Index 247