WEAPONS and FIGHTING ARTS of INDONESIA Donn F. Draeger WEAPONS and FIGHTING ARTS of INDONESIA TUTTLE PUBLISHING Bosron, Rurland, Vcrmonr, Tokyo Published by Tuttle Publishing Copyright© 1972 by Charles E. Turtle Publishing Co., Inc. All rights reserved LCC Card No. 73-182060 ISBN First Tuttle edition, 1972 First paperback edition, 1992 Fifth printing, 2000 Printed in Singapore Distribution: North America Thttle Publishing Distribution Center Airport Industrial Park 364 Innovation Drive North Clarendon YT 05759-9436 Tel: (802) 773-8930 Tel: (802) 526-2778 Japan Thttle Publishing RK Building 2nd Floor 2-13-10 Shimo-Meguro Meguro-Ku Tokyo 153 0064 Tel: (03)5437-0171 Fax: (03) 5437-0755 Asia Pac(fic Berkeley Books 5 Little Road #08-0 I Singapore 536983 Tel: (65) 280-1330 Fax: (65) 280-6290 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 7 AUTHOR'S FOREWORD 11 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 13 Chapter 1 : Pnliminary Background 17 Protohistoric and Historic 17 Technical Rationale 30 Chapter 2 : Java and Madura 41 Pentjak-silat 41 Kuntao 80 Other Weapons and Systems 86 Chapter 3 Sumatra, Nias, Mentawai Islands, and the Riouw Archipelago 109 Background 109 Menangkabau 124 Atjeh lSI Riouw Archipelago ISS Batak ISS The Celates 158 Mentawai Islands and Nias 160 Kuntao 163 Chapter 4 : Bali 165 Pentjak-silat 16S Other Weapons and Systems 180 6 Chapter 5 The Lesser Sundas 185 Pentjak-silat and Kuntao 185 Other Weapons and Systems 185 Chapter 6 The Celebes 199 Background 199 Bugis and Makassarese 204 Kuntao in Makassar 206 Bajau 210 Toradja 214 Minahasa Inhabitants 222 Chapter 7 The Moluccas 227 Background 227 Aborigines 231 Pen~ak-silat 238 BIBLIOGRAPHY 243 GLOSSARY-INDEX 245 GENERAL 245 WEAPONS 249 INDEX 251 GEOGRAPHICAL NAMES 251 PEOPLE, TRIBES, RACES, DEITIES 253 6 TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS I. Supalokun images of Semarang Temple, Central Java 22 2. Relief carvings from Borobudur and Prambanan 24,25 3. Standard weaponry of pentjak-silat 35 4. Localized pentjak-silat weaponry 37 5. Percussion accompaniment to pentjak training 38 6. Pentjak-like movements in randai dance form 39 7. Saucer dance by Patai silat exponents 39 8-10. Tjimandc style silat: deep crouch posture, stamping, and hand actions 43 II. Tjimande style use of golok 44 12. Blocking in the Tjimande style 45 13. Blocking in the Tjikalong style 45 14, 15. Tjingkrik style silat: attack, and assuming sempok posture 46, 47 16-18. Kwitang silat techniques: defense against pisau, tjabang vs. toya, kowlium vs. golok 49 19-22. PPSI: kujungi and sheath, arbir and its use, and old and new forms of paku 50, 51 23. Use of toya in IPSI silat 52 24. Special weapons of Prisai Sakti silat 53 25. Evasion and kicking tactics in Setia Hati silat 55 26. Bima silat postures 56 27. Ifan Badjam, founder ofTapak Sutji 57 28-31. Tapak Sutji: pentjak action, outdoor training, Japanese sword, and segu 58,59 32. Tjaluk of Setia Hati Terate 61 33-36. Delima silat: kicking technique, pedang, toya action, and pedang training 64,65 37-41. Delima silat: toya vs. pedang, pedang vs. empty-hand action, girls training, and rante and its use 66,67 42. R. M. S. Dirdjoatmodjo, founder of Perisai Diri silat 69 7 43, 44. Perisai Diri silat: evasion and counterattack, and use of Chinese swords 71 45, 46. Perisai Diri silat: special weapons, and area of concentration ofattack 73 47, 48. Maduran Pamur silat stance and kick 75 49-51. Pamur silat: tjabang, Maduran weapons, and arit used with ~n ~n 52-55. Pamur silat: single arit technique, use of kelewang, Maduran kudi, and special Maduran weapons 78, 79 56. Empty-hand kuntao technique 81 57. Standard weaponry of kuntao 82, 83 58. Shangung kuntao style left stance 85 59. Fukien kuntao style frontal stance 85 60, 61. Javanese kris blade types, and kris and sheath parts 89 62. Javanese carved wooden kris handles 91 63-65. Javanese kris sheath types, and early possible kris prototypes 93 66. Test patterns from kris blades 96 67, 68. Gripping and wearing the kris 97, 98 69, 70. Basic types ofJ avanese knife and sword blades, spearheads and shafts 100, 101 71. Javanese spearheads in the Museum Sono Boedojo Sekaten 102 72. Tjambuk chemeti 103 73. Petjat of Kediri Udung (Tiban) 103 74, 75. Porbikawa system: empty-hand action, and use of toya 105 76-78. Okol grappling: beginning a bout, osoto-otoshi and seoi- nage tactics 105, 106 79. Menangkabau warrior 125 80, 81. Menangkabau pisau belati, kris and sheaths 126 82-88. Sumatran weapons: kris pangang and sheath, tombak lada , lading and sheath, beladau, sewar, sakin, and karambit 127, 128 89. Menangkabau sabit agricultural tools and weapons 129 90, 91. Menangkabau silat leg tactics, and use of hands and arms 132, 133 92. Tiger-style tactics of Harimau silat 134, 135 93. Sandang silat vs. Sterlak silat 137 94-96. Pauh silat: "imaginary square," locked thumb, and center- line targets 138 97. Baru silat defense 141 98, 99. Kumango silat: thigh slapping, and deceptive forward step 143 l 00. Demonstration of Lin tau silat 144 101. Demonstration of Sawi silat 145 102. Sterlak silat attack, Lintau silat response, and Sawi silat counterattack 146, 147 103, 104. Patai silat: techniques, and use of gontar 149, 150 105, 106. Atjeh tentjang and sheaths, and other weapons 152-154 107-109. Batak weapons: body ranjau,jono, and kapak 156 110. Batak raut and sheath 158 Ill. Engano seven-foot spears 161 112. Pulo Pagi parang 161 113-116. Nias island: spears, parang, warrior before combat, and tulo-tulo war dance 162 8 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 117. Empty-hand kuntao training, Padang, Sumatra 164 118. Balinese kris dance 166 119. Rante of Tridharma silat 168 120-125. Bhakti Negara silat: techniques, posture, a ruse, center of gaze, and "floating foot" 169-171 126-130. Bhakti Negara silat: use of toya, tjabang, pisau, and pedang; and special weapons 173, 174 131. Center of gaze in Essti silat 176 132-134. Balinese Perisai Diri silat: empty-hand techniques, arbir and toya, and tekken vs. armed assailant 177-179 135. Balinese Ende 179 136, 137. Balinese bladed weapons 180, 181 138-140. A Balinese kris-srnith, typical kris patterns, and the longest kris blade 182, 183 141. Ancient Balinese stone images 184 142, 143. Tjatii weaponry and combatants 187, 188 144. Flores weaponry 191 145. Flores pentjak-silat style 193 146. Tameng and petjut used in Lombok Ende silat 193 147. Sulat system ofSumbawa 193 148. Sumbawan archery competition 194 149, 150. Sumbaw an jousting: armed warrior, and circular tracks 195 151. Saw-toothed grass leaf of Sumba Box 195 152, 153. Sumban warrior: ceremonial war dance, and weaponry 196, 197 154. Timorese weaponry 197 155. Timorese weapon of unknown name and use 198 156, 15 7. Celebes badik and sheaths, and Bugis and Makassarese badik 202 158, 159. Wearing and use ofbadik 203 160. Knives of the Celebes 204 161. Techniques of Makassarese Ilmu Silat (kuntao) 207 162. Makassar kuntao weapons 208 163. Tong Hong Liong demonstrating his kuntao techniques 209 164. Bajau spears (harpoons) and spearheads 213 165, 166. Kendari style silat cross-step, and Bajau parang 213 167, 168. Toradjan knives, and dua !alan buffalo knife 215 169-172. Toradjan ublakas, spear blades, spear technique, and shields 216, 217 173-175. Toradjan sumpti and poisoned dart, padimpah, and Pong Tiku's weapons 219 176. Sisemba quasicombative action 221 177. Ceramese weaponry 232 178. Alefuru armed headhunters performing war dance 236, 237 179. Sapulidi of Ambon island 237 180. Nine-year-old tjabang expert, Husin Karim 239 181. Karim facing an "enemy" 240 182. Pisau tactics practiced by Batumerah villagers 240 183. Pedang used by Batumerah woman 241 184. One-legged postures of Haruku island pentiak-silat 241 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS 9
Description: