The Vitamins. Chemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Methods PDF
Preview The Vitamins. Chemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Methods
VOLUME I—VOLUME V Edited by W. H. SEBRELL, JR. and ROBERT S. HARRIS VOLUME VI and VOLUME VII Edited by PAUL GYÖRGY and W. N. PEARSON THE VITAMINS Chemistry, Physiology, Pathology, Methods SECOND EDITION VOLUME V Edited by W. H. SEBRELL, JR. ROBERT S. HARRIS Institute of Nutrition Sciences William F. Lasby Professor in the Columbia University Health Sciences New York, New York University of Minnesota Minneapolis, Minnesota ACADEMIC PRESS New York and London 1972 COPYRIGHT © 1972, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED. NO PART OF THIS PUBLICATION MAY BE REPRODUCED OR TRANSMITTED IN ANY FORM OR BY ANY MEANS, ELECTRONIC OR MECHANICAL, INCLUDING PHOTOCOPY, RECORDING, OR ANY INFORMATION STORAGE AND RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, WITHOUT PERMISSION IN WRITING FROM THE PUBLISHER. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. 111 Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. 24/28 Oval Road, London NW1 LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 66-26845 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA Contributors to Volume V Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contribu- tions begin. STANLEY R. AMES (218, 225, 233, 312), Biochemical Research Laboratories, Distillation Products Industries, Division of Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester, New York ANNETTE BAICH (320, 322, 398), Department of Biochemistry, Southern Illinois University, Edwardsville, Illinois. GENE M. BROWN (122), Division of Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts G. BRUBACHER (248, 255), Department of Vitamin and Nutritional Research, F. Hoffman- La Roche and Colk Ltd., Basel, Switzerland VERNONH. CHELDELIN(320, 322, 392, 393, 394, 398), Oregon State University, Corvallis, Oregon G. S. FRAENKEL (329), Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana, Illinois STANLEY FRIEDMAN (329), Department of Entomology, University of Illinois, Urbana Illinois J. GREEN (252, 259), Beecham Research Laboratories, Vitamins Research Station, Walton Oaks, Dorking Road, Tadworth, Surrey, England ROBERT HARRIS (3, 98,166), William F. Lasby Professor of Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota M. K. HORWITT (46, 49, 50, 52, 53, 85, 88, 272, 293, 309, 316), Department of Biochemistry, St. Louis University, School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri O. ISLER (168), F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Co., Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, Bassel, Switzerland B. C. P. JANSEN (99, 145, 148, 156), Institut vor Volksvoeding, J. D. Meyer- plein 3, Amsterdam, Holland. MERTON P. LAMDEN (110, 114, 120, 134), Department of Biochemistry, College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, Vermont KARL E. MASON (272, 293, 309), Nutrition Program Director, National Institute of Arthritic and Metabolic Disorders EP, Westwood Building, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland ix X CONTRIBUTORS TO VOLUME v H. MAYER (168), F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Co., Ltd., Grenzacherstrasse, Basel, Switzerland R. A. MORTON (355), Emeritus Professor of Biochemistry, Zoology Depart- ment, The University of Liverpool, Liverpool, England EDWARD F. ROGERS (130), Merck Sharp and Dohme Research Laboratories, Division of Merck and Co., Inc., Rahway, New Jersey P. SCHUDEL* (168), F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Co., Ltd., Basel, Switzerland W. H. SEBRELL, JR., (162), Institute of Nutrition Sciences, Columbia Univer- sity, New York, New York E. E. SNELL (71), Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Berkeley, California KLAUS R. UNNA (150), Department of Pharmacology, University of Illinois, College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois THEODOR WAGNER-JAUREGG(3, 43), Bottenwilerstrasse, Zoflngen, Switzerland O. Wiss (248, 255), F. Hoffmann-La Roche and Co., Ltd. Basel, Switzerland L. A. WITTING (53), Address unknown. H. M. WUEST (104), Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, New York, New York ♦Present address: Givaudan-Esrolko Ltd., Research Company, CH- 8600 Dubendorf- Zurich. Preface We are pleased to present this second edition of "The Vitamins." The many years that have passed since publication of the first edition have been filled with diligent search by many scientists for an understanding of how each vitamin functions in animals and plants. The content of "The Vitamins" has broadened and deepened, and the vast amount of new information has created a need for a nearly complete rewriting of the first edition. Since most of the recent advances have been concerned with chemistry, biochemistry, and physiology, it is understandable that these biodisciplines have received special emphasis in this second edition. We have followed the same general principles as guided us in the first edition. The writing of each section of each chapter has been assigned to a scientist who is especially expert on the subject. Current knowledge concern- ing the chemistry, industrial production, biogenesis, biochemistry, deficiency effects, requirements, pharmacology, and pathology of each of the vitamins has been emphasized, and considerable space has been devoted to biblio- graphic material since this is essentially a reference work. Extensive discussion of clinical manifestations of vitamin deficiency or treatment has been omitted since this is well covered in clinical publications. Little space was given in the first edition to methods of measurement and assay of the various vitamins. This important aspect of vitamin science has been consolidated and is presented in Volumes VI and VII of this treatise. We hope that this critical summary of current vitamin knowledge will assist teachers, students, investigators, and practitioners toward a better under- standing of the role of the vitamins in biology. We take this opportunity to express our appreciation to the many authors who have contributed to these volumes and to Academic Press for patient collaboration and cooperation in the production of these volumes. W. H. Sebrell, Jr. Robert S. Harris XI Contents of Other Volumes Volume I—Edited by W. H. Sebrell, Jr. and Robert S. Harris Vitamins A and Carotene Ascorbic Acid J. Ganguly G. C. Chatterjee Robert S. Harris Robert S. Harris O. Isler G. W. Hay H. Kläui B. A. Lewis D. McLaren L. W. Mapson Thomas Moore Mannie Olliver S. K. Murthy F. Smith Oswald A. Roels Richard W. Vilter U. Schwieter U. Solms Volume II—Edited by W. H. Sebrell, Jr. and Robert S. Harris Vitamins B6 Vitamin Bl2 G. Brubacher H. A. Barker Paul György M. E. Coates Robert S. Harris Karl Folkers Stanton A. Harris Robert S. Harris George R. Honig Harold W. Moore H. Meder D. Perlman P. Reusser E. H. Reisner H. E. Säuberlich Harold S. Rosenthal Klaus Unna H. M. Wuest F. Weber H. Weiser Biotin Oswald Wiss Paul György Robert S. Harris Bernhardt W. Langer, Jr. Xlll XIV CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES Volume III—Edited by W. H. Sebrell, Jr. and Robert S. Harris Choline Inositols Wendell H. Griffith R. J. Anderson Robert S. Harris S. J. Angyal W. Stanley Hartroft T. J. Cunha Joseph F. Nye Robert S. Harris Henry A. Lardy Vitamin D Group Arthur H. Livermore Donald Gribetz Ade T. Milhorat Robert S. Harris E. R. Weidlein, Jr. Harold E. Harrison James H. Jones Benjamin Kramer Juan M. Navia Milton L. Scott Vitamin K Group Essential Fatty Acids H. J. Almquist George A. Emerson Robert S. Harris Ralph T. Holman Otto Isler Joseph J. Rahm Charles A. Owen, Jr. Hilda F. Wiese Oswald Wiss Volume IV (tentative)—Edited by W. H. Sebrell, Jr. and Robert S. Harris Niacin Sanford A. Miller Juan M. Navia C. Gopalan Paul M. Newberne Robert S. Harris Elaine P. Ralli W. A. Krehl O. Neal Miller Pantothenic Acid Pteroylglutamic Acid George M. Briggs Robert S. Harris Alice M. Copping A. Leonard Luhby Robert S. Harris E. L. R. Stokstad CONTENTS OF OTHER VOLUMES XV Volume VI—Edited by Paul György and W. N. Pearson Animal Assays for Vitamins/C. /. Bliss and Paul György Statistical Methods in Biological Assay of the Vitamins/C. /. Bliss and Colin White Vitamin AI Oswald A. Roels and S. Mahadevan Vitamins Ό/Ε. Kodicek and E. E. M. Lawson The Determination of Vitamin K/Henrik Dam and Ebbe Sondergaard Vitamin E. Assay by Chemical MethodsjRaymond Howard Bunnell Volume VII—Edited by Paul György and W. N. Pearson Principles of Microbiological Assay/ W. N. Pearson Ascorbic Acid/Joseph H. Roe Thiamine/Pf. N. Pearson Riboflavin/ W. N. Pearson Niacin/Grace A. Goldsmith and O. Neal Miller Vitamin B/Howerde Säuberlich 6 Pantothenic Acid/Orson D. Bird and Robert Q. Thompson Folic Acid/ Victor Herbert and Joseph R. Bertino Vitamin B lHelen R. Skeggs 12 Biotin/Paul György Clinical Evaluation of Malnutrition/ Willard A. Krehl
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