wmMmMmzwmmmmmmmm WAR AMERICA AT Maurice Isserman John Bowman, General Editor 959 ISS War The Vietnam tCIA Chapter 2 ProDerty of FREMONT UNION H. S. DIST. Loaned to ARCHBISHOP MITTY H. S. War The Vietnam WAR AMERICA AT * * * * * Maurice Isserman John Bowman, General Editor Archbishop Mitty High School Library 5000 Mitty Way San Jose, CA 95129 El EactsOnEfe New York • Oxford 6 The Vietnam War © Copyright 1992 by Maurice Isserman All rights reserved. No partofthis bookmay be reproduced orutilized in any formorby any means, electronic ormechanical, including photocopying, recording, orby any information storage orretrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. Forinformation contact: Facts On File, Inc. Facts On File Limited 460 Park Avenue South Collins Street New YorkNY 00 Oxford OX4 XJ 1 1 1 USA United Kingdom Library ofCongress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Isserman, Maurice. The Vietna—m War/by Maurice Isserman; John Bowman, general editor, p. cm. (America at war) Includes bibliographical references and index, Summary: Discusses thehistorical andpolitical background, military strategies, and battles ofthe VietnamWar. ISBN 0-8160-2375-1 1. Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975. [1. Vietnamese Conflict, 1961-1975.] I. Bowman, John Stewart, 1931- . II. Title. III. Series. DS557.7I87 1992 91-21498 959.7—dc20 A British CIP catalogue record forthis bookis available from the British Library. Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulkquantities forbusinesses, associations, institutions orsales promotions. Please contact ourSpecial Sales Department in New York at 212/683-2244 (dial 800/322-8755 except in NY, AK, or HI) or in Oxford at 865/728399. Series interiorandjacket design by Ron Monteleone Composition by Facts On File, Inc. Manufacturedby the Maple-Vail Book Manufacturing Group Printed in the United States ofAmerica 1098765432 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS — 1. America and Vi etnam Missed Opportunities 1 2. Background to America's Longest War 7 . . 3. Origins of U.S. Involvement, 954-1 96 17 1 1 . . 4. Kennedy's War, 1961-1963 26 5. Johnson's War, 1963-1964 37 6. On the Tiger's Back, 1964-1965 50 7. The "Grunts" 58 8. GROUND WAR, 1965-1967 71 9. Air War 82 lo. the home front: debate and protest ... 91 The Tet Offensive OO 1 1 . 1 12. Nixon's WAR, 1969-1973 Ill 13. The War Ends 121 Recommended Reading for the Vietnam War 32 . . 1 Index 34 1 ASIA AND THE PACIFIC (MAPS ON FILE/MARTIN GREENWALD ASSOCIATES, INC.)