The Victorian World

776 Pages·2012·10.686 MB·English

by  Martin Hewitt

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4EEEE THE VICTORIAN WORLD
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7EEE With an interdisciplinary approach that encompasses political history, the history
8 of ideas, cultural history and art history, The Victorian World offers a sweeping
9 survey of the world in the nineteenth century.
20 This volume offers a fresh evaluation of Britain and its global presence in the
1 years from the 1830s to the 1900s. It brings together scholars from history, literary
2 studies, art history, historical geography, historical sociology, criminology, economics
3 and the history of law, to explore more than 40themes central to an understanding
4 of the nature of Victorian society and culture, both in Britain and in the rest of the
5 world. Organised around six core themes – the world order, economy and society,
6 politics, knowledge and belief, and culture – The Victorian World offers thematic
7 essays that consider the interplay of domestic and global dynamics in the formation
8 of Victorian orthodoxies. A further section on ‘Varieties of Victorianism’ offers
9 considerations of the production and reproduction of external versions of Victorian
30 culture in India, Africa, the United States, the settler colonies and Latin America.
1 These thematic essays are supplemented by a substantial introductory chapter, which
2 offers a challenging alternative to traditional interpretations of the chronology and
3 periodisation of the Victorian years.
4 Lavishly illustrated, vivid and accessible, this volume is invaluable reading for
5 all students and scholars of the nineteenth century.
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7 Martin Hewittis Professor of History and Head of History, Politics and Philosophy
8 at Manchester Metropolitan University, UK. He was the founding editor of the
9 Journal of Victorian Culture, and secretary of the British Association for Victorian
40 Studies from 2000 to 2010. He has written extensively on the culture of the
1 nineteenth-century city and on Victorian studies as a field. His publications include
2 An Age of Equipoise? Reassessing Mid-Victorian Britain (2000), The Diaries of
3 Samuel Bamford, 1858–61(2000) and The Emergence of Stability in the Industrial
4 City: Manchester 1832–67 (1996).
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THE ROUTLEDGE WORLDS
THE REFORMATION WORLD
Edited by Andrew Pettegree
THE MEDIEVAL WORLD
Edited by Peter Linehan, Janet L. Nelson
THE BYZANTINE WORLD
Edited by Paul Stephenson
THE VIKING WORLD
Edited by Stefan Brink in collaboration with Neil Price
THE BABYLONIAN WORLD
Edited by Gwendolyn Leick
THE EGYPTIAN WORLD
Edited by Toby Wilkinson
THE ISLAMIC WORLD
Edited by Andrew Rippin
THE WORLD OF POMPEII
Edited by Pedar W. Foss and John J. Dobbins
THE RENAISSANCE WORLD
Edited by John Jeffries Martin
THE EARLY CHRISTIAN WORLD
Edited by Philip F. Esler
THE GREEK WORLD
Edited by Anton Powell
THE ROMAN WORLD
Edited by John Wacher
THE HINDU WORLD
Edited by Sushil Mittal and Gene Thursby
THE WORLD OF THE AMERICAN WEST
Edited by Gordon Morris Bakken
THE ELIZABETHAN WORLD
Edited by Susan Doran and Norman Jones
THE OTTOMAN WORLD
Edited by Christine Woodhead
Forthcoming:
THE ORTHODOX CHRISTIAN WORLD
Edited by Augustine Casiday
THE MORMON WORLD
Edited by Carl Mosser, Richard Sherlock
THE SUMERIAN WORLD
Edited by Harriet Crawford
THE ATLANTIC WORLD
Edited by William O’Reilly
T H E
V I C T O R I A N
W O R L D
(cid:2)(cid:3)(cid:2)
Edited by
Martin Hewitt
First published 2012
by Routledge
2Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX144RN
Simultaneously published in the USA and Canada
by Routledge
711Third Avenue, New York, NY 10017
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© 2012Martin Hewitt
The right of Martin Hewitt to be identified as the author
of the editorial material, and of the authors for their individual chapters,
has been asserted, in accordance with sections 77and 78of the
Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988.
All rights reserved.
No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised
in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known
or hereafter invented, including photocopying and recording, or in any
information storage or retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publishers.
Trademark notice: Product or corporate names may be trademarks
or registered trademarks, and are used only for identification and
explanation without intent to infringe.
British Library Cataloguing in Publication Data
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Victorian world/edited by Martin Hewitt.
p. cm. – (The Routledge worlds)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
1. Great Britain – History – Victoria, 1837–1901. 2. Great Britain –
Intellectual life – 19th century. 3. Great Britain – Politics and government –
19th century. 4. Great Britain – Social conditions – 19th century.
5. Great Britain – Colonies – History – 19th century. I. Hewitt, Martin.
DA550.V5447 2012
941.081 – dc23 2011040320
ISBN: 978-0-415-49187-7(hbk)
Typeset in Sabon
by Florence Production Ltd, Stoodleigh, Devon
CONTENTS
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List of illustrations ix
Notes on contributors xii
Acknowledgements xvii
Preface xviii
1 Introduction: Victorian milestones 1
Martin Hewitt
PART I: THE WORLD ORDER 55
2 The great arch of empire 57
Dane Kennedy
3 The shrinking Victorian world 73
Peter J. Hugill
4 Patterns of industrialisation 90
Emma Griffin
5 Free trade and its enemies 108
Anthony Howe
6 Imperialism at home 125
Patrick Brantlinger
7 Human traffic 141
Eric Richards
8 Varieties of nationalism 160
Krishan Kumar
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— Contents —
9 Geopolitics and the Victorian geopolitical unconscious 175
Lauren M. E. Goodlad
PART II: ECONOMY AND SOCIETY 191
10 Entrepreneurialism or gentlemanly capitalism 193
Donna Loftus
11 Money’s worth: morality, class, politics 209
Timothy Alborn
12 Cultures of commodities, cultures of things 225
Elaine Freedgood
13 Urbanising experiences 241
Richard Dennis
14 The culture of ‘environmentality’ and the exceptionality of the
countryside 259
William Taylor
15 Was there a Victorian demographic transition? 276
Alison Mackinnon
16 ‘Many little harmless and interesting adventures . . .’: gender and
the Victorian city 291
Lynda Nead
17 Disease and the body 308
Pamela K. Gilbert
PART III: POLITICS 327
18 The Victorian state in its imperial context 329
Zoë Laidlaw
19 Voluntarism and self-help 346
Alex Tyrrell
20 The performance of citizenship 362
Rohan McWilliam
21 Race and citizenship: colonial inclusions and exclusions 381
Alan Lester
22 ‘Private law’ and the laissez-faire state 398
Michael Lobban
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— Contents —
23 Discipline 415
Barry Godfrey
PART IV: KNOWLEDGE AND BELIEF 431
24 Worlds of Victorian religion 433
Jeffrey Cox
25 The creed of science and its critics 449
Bernard Lightman
26 The power of the past: history and modernity in the
Victorian world 466
Billie Melman
27 Learning: education, class and culture 484
Robert Anderson
28 The photographic lens: graphs and the changing practices
of Victorian economists 500
Harro Maas
29 The antinomies of sage culture 519
William Whyte
PART V: CULTURE 535
30 Periodicalism 537
Graham Law
31 The global common reader 555
Jonathan Rose
32 Victorian theatricality 569
Katherine Newey
33 The empire of art 585
Alison Inglis
34 Aural anxieties and the advent of modernity 603
John M. Picker
35 Leisure: merrie to modern 619
Peter Bailey
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— Contents —
PART VI: VARIETIES OF VICTORIANISM 637
36 India in the Victorian age: Victorian India? 639
Margrit Pernau
37 Victorianism at the frontier: the white settler colonies 656
Margot Finn
38 Afro-Victorian worlds 671
Simon Gikandi
39 Learning the rules of the game: informal empire and the Mexican
experience at Stonyhurst College, 1805–1920 691
Víctor M. Macías-González
40 The Victorian period of American history 708
Daniel W. Howe
Index 725
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ILLUSTRATIONS
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FIGURES
2.1 British Empire throughout the World with Illustrated Peoples
Above & Below 58
2.2 Imperial Federation showing the map of the world, British Empire,
by Captain J. C. Colombo, c. 1886 70
3.1 SS Great Britain by Joseph Walter (1783–1856) 77
3.2 Telegraph c. 1862. Painted by Constantino Brumidi 78
4.1 Cyfarthfa Rolling Mills at Night by Penry Williams, 1825 98
4.2 Mule spinning 102
5.1 Samuel Bellin, ‘Meeting of the Council of the Anti-corn
Law League’ 110
5.2 Repeal of Corn Laws and abolition of tariffs. Richard Cobden
(1804–65), an advocate of free trade, hurrying Robert Peel the
prime minister, along the free trade path 112
6.1 1890s UK Lipton’s magazine advert 129
7.1 The Last of England, 1860. Ford Madox Brown (1821–93) 143
7.2 The Bushman’s Dream (drawn by T. S. Cousens, engraved by
S. Calvert) 146
10.1 ‘The industrial aspect of Leeds from Richmond Hill’,
The Graphic 1888 196
11.1 The Worship of Mammon, 1909, Morgan, Evelyn De
(1855–1919) 213
12.1 ‘The Toy Shop’ by T. B. Kennington July 1891 234
12.2 Drawing of goods departing France for the Great Exhibition 238
13.1 Salvation Army Social Campaign propaganda poster 244
13.2 The Road to Sydenham, 1871, Pissarro, Camille (1831–1903) 251
14.1 Shooting Party in the Highlands, Halting for Lunch, 1840,
Ansdell, Richard (1815–85) 266
14.2 The Cottage Door by Helen Paterson Allingham 267
15.1 ‘State School East Adelaide – children grouped outside’, c 1900s 282
ix