The Veil Unveiled: The Hijab in Modern Culture University Press of Florida The Veil Unveiled Florida A&M University, Tallahassee UWF UNIVERSITYPRESS FloFrliodrai dGau Alft lCanotaisct UUnniivveerrssiittyy,, BFoocrat RMayteorns TAETS FSU FAMU UUFNFUCFOFFLOARDI FUlonrFiivdloearr siIdintayt e Sortnfa aCtteie oUnntnarlai vlU eFrnlsoiitvryei,dr Tsai,at ylOl,a Mrhlaainsasdmeoei U USF University of Florida, Gainesville NIVERSITYSYSTEM FGCUFIFUAU UniveUrsnitivye orsf itNy oorft hS oFulothri dFalo, rJiadcak,s Tonamvilplea University of West Florida, Pensacola University Press of Florida gainesville · tallahassee · tampa · boca raton pensacola · orlando · miami · jacksonville · ft. myers the veil Unveiled The Hijab in Modern Culture Faegheh Shirazi Copyright 2001 by the Board of Regents of the State of Florida Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper All rights reserved 06 05 04 03 02 01 6 5 4 3 2 1 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Shirazi, Faegheh, 1952– The veil unveiled: the hijab in modern culture / Faegheh Shirazi. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. isbn 0-8130-2084-0 (alk. paper) 1. Veils—Social aspects. 2. Muslim women—Costume. 3. Costume—Erotic aspects. 4. Muslim women in art. 5. Purdah. 6. Purdah in literature. I. Title. gt2112 .s56 2001 391.4'3—dc21 00-053667 The University Press of Florida is the scholarly publishing agency for the State University System of Florida, comprising Florida A&M University, Florida Atlantic University, Florida Gulf Coast University, Florida International University, Florida State University, University of Central Florida, University of Florida, University of North Florida, University of South Florida, and University of West Florida. University Press of Florida 15 Northwest 15th Street Gainesville, FL 32611–2079 http://www.upf.com To my late father, Dr. Mahmood Shirazi, whose dedication to and interest in the lives and education of his children are truly admirable. Contents List of Figures ix Note on Transliteration xi Acknowledgments xiii Introduction 1 1. Veiled Images in Advertising 10 2. Veiled Images in American Erotica 39 3. The Cinematics of the Veil 62 4. Iranian Politics and the Hijab 88 5. Militarizing the Veil 110 6. Literary Dynamics of the Veil 138 Conclusion 175 Notes 181 Glossary 201 Bibliography 205 Index 213 Figures 1.1 Advertisement for Virginia Slims 17 1.2 Advertisement for Bijan 19 1.3 Photograph of label on box of soup. President’s Choice Instant Vegetable Couscous Soup 20 1.4 Advertisement for Kotex sanitary napkins, October 1996 27 1.5 Advertisement for Kotex sanitary napkins, February 1994 27 1.6 Advertisement for Signal toothpaste 31 1.7 Advertisement for Concord watches, October 1993 32 1.8 Advertisement for Concord watches, October 1994 34 1.9 Advertisement for Concord watches, November 1994 35 1.10 Advertisement for Concord watches, May 1995 36 1.11 Advertisement for Concord watches, October 1996 37 2.1 Cartoon, Playboy, January 1966 51 2.2 Cartoon, Playboy, July 1983 53 2.3 Cartoon, Playboy, March 1977 54 2.4 Cartoon, Playboy, November 1967 55 2.5 Cartoon, Playboy, April 1986 57