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The Vascular Surgery In-Training Examination Review (VSITE) Allen Murga · Theodore H. Teruya · Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam Jr · Christian Bianchi Editors 123 The Vascular Surgery In-Training Examination Review (VSITE) Allen Murga Theodore H. Teruya Ahmed M. Abou- Zamzam Jr Christian Bianchi Editors The Vascular Surgery In-Training Examination Review (VSITE) Editors Allen Murga Theodore H. Teruya Department of Vascular Surgery Department of Surgery Loma Linda University Loma Linda University Loma Linda, CA, USA Loma Linda, CA, USA Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam Jr Christian Bianchi Chief of Vascular Surgery of Department of Vascular Surgery Loma Linda Loma Linda University Loma Linda University Loma Linda, CA, USA Loma Linda, CA, USA ISBN 978-3-031-24120-8 ISBN 978-3-031-24121-5 (eBook) https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-24121-5 © Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023 This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved by the Publisher, whether the whole or part of the material is concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, reuse of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting, reproduction on microfilms or in any other physical way, and transmission or information storage and retrieval, electronic adaptation, computer software, or by similar or dissimilar methodology now known or hereafter developed. The use of general descriptive names, registered names, trademarks, service marks, etc. in this publication does not imply, even in the absence of a specific statement, that such names are exempt from the relevant protective laws and regulations and therefore free for general use. The publisher, the authors, and the editors are safe to assume that the advice and information in this book are believed to be true and accurate at the date of publication. Neither the publisher nor the authors or the editors give a warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to the material contained herein or for any errors or omissions that may have been made. The publisher remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. This Springer imprint is published by the registered company Springer Nature Switzerland AG The registered company address is: Gewerbestrasse 11, 6330 Cham, Switzerland Dedicated to my wonderful wife who has supported me through this journey, as well as my kids and my mom for their enduring support. Preface The Vascular Surgery In-Training Exam (VSITE) is taken every year by integrated vascular surgery residents and vascular surgery fellows. Much of the stress associated with this exam stems from the enormous amount of material that needs to be covered. As well, as the importance that it plays in their careers. As the ABSITE for general surgery, the VSITE aims to evalu- ate the trainee’s knowledge in different areas within vascular surgery. In addition, training programs use this test as a tool of measurement for how well the residents and fellows are progress- ing and provide feedback and promotion through the program. The field of vascular surgery has evolved over the last couple of years and continues to rapidly change to date. Because of this, study guides are needed to help with keeping things concise and high yield for trainees to prepare for this rigorous exam. The VSITE review book is a high-yield bullet point format that allows trainees to navigate through all the different subjects within vascular surgery. This book by no means is intended to substitute as the sole material for studying vascular surgery. My goal is that this book will serve as a guide for students, residents, fellow and vascular surgeons as they navigate and prepare for the VSITE, written and oral boards. Loma Linda, CA Allen Murga Loma Linda, CA Theodore H. Teruya Loma Linda, CA Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam Jr Loma Linda, CA Christian Bianchi vii Contents 1 Embryology of the Vascular System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1 Kristyn Mannoia and Lucyna Krzywon 2 Hematology and Coagulation. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13 Kristyn Mannoia and Lucyna Krzywon 3 Fluids, Electrolytes, and Nutrition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25 Paul Pyoungkang Kim, Stephanie Hyejin Kim, and Nephtali R. Gomez 4 Medications in Vascular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47 Joshua A. Gabel and Allen Murga 5 Hemodynamics, Atherosclerosis, Intimal Hyperplasia, and Wound Healing . . . . . . . . . 59 Neha Sheng and Brittany Mead 6 Imaging/Vascular Laboratory . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 75 Kenneth R. Ziegler and Alyssa Pyun 7 Vascular Medicine . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101 Agustin Sibona, Alexander M. Schurman, and Christian Bianchi 8 Cerebrovascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 115 Beatriz Valdovinos Leong and Christian Bianchi 9 Upper Extremity, Medical Surgical, and Endovascular Management . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145 Shayna Brathwaite and Olamide Alabi ix x Contents 10 Thoracic Outlet Syndromes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 157 Sharon Kiang, Hans Keenan Boggs, and Roger Tomihama 11 Aortoiliac Artery Aneurysms and Peripheral Artery Aneurysms. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 173 Emaad Farooqui and Sukgu M. Han 12 Lower Extremity Occlusive Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 203 Sheela T. Patel 13 Mesenteric Arterial Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 243 Rahul Kar and Allen Murga 14 Renal Artery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 263 Christopher B. Khoury and Allen Murga 15 Thoracic Aortic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 281 Sheela Patel and Sandeep Jhajj 16 Venous Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 321 Morvarid Tavassoli, Shauna Trinh, Cameron Hand, and Christian Bianchi 17 Vascular Access . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 339 Beatriz Valdovinos Leong and Theodore H. Teruya 18 Non-Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . 371 Kristine Bonnick and Allen Murga 19 Vascular Trauma . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 393 Anna Romagnoli and Megan Brenner 20 Techniques of Vascular Access and Endovascular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 415 Sharon Kiang, Hans Keenan Boggs, and Roger Tomihama 21 Vascular Grafts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 429 Isabella J. Kuo and Shelley Maithel 22 Lymphatic Disease . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 439 Andrew Son and Thomas F. O’Donnell Jr. Contents xi 23 Vascular Malformations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 449 Tyler Miskin, Sharon Kiang, and Roger Tomihama 24 Complications of Vascular Surgery . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 465 Christian Ochoa and Miguel Francisco Manzur 25 Amputations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 483 Cassra N. Arbabi and Allen Murga 26 Portal Hypertension . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 495 Isabella J. Kuo and Shelley Maithel 27 Miscellaneous . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 505 Seyed Saeed Pairawan, B. S. Chloe Dominguez, and Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam Jr 28 Biostatistics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 527 Carlos Chavez de Paz and Allen Murga Index . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 541 Contributors Ahmed M. Abou-Zamzam Jr Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA Olamide Alabi Department of Surgery, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, USA Cassra N. Arbabi Department of Vascular Surgery, Cedars- Sinai Medical Center, Beverly Hills, CA, USA Christian Bianchi Vascular Surgery of Loma Linda, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA Department of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Medical Center, Loma Linda Veteran Affairs Medical Center, Riverside University Health System, Loma Linda, CA, USA Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, USA Hans Keenan Boggs Department of Surgery, Loma Linda Uni- versity Medical Center, Loma Linda, CA, USA Kristine Bonnick Department of Surgery, Loma Linda Univer- sity, Loma Linda, CA, USA Shayna Brathwaite Department of Vascular Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA Megan Brenner University of California Riverside School of Medicine, Moreno Valley, CA, USA B. S. Chloe Dominguez Division of Vascular Surgery, Loma Linda University Health, Loma Linda, CA, USA xiii