The Use of Music Therapy to Influence the Self-confidence and Hostility of Adolescents Who are

174 Pages·2017·6.62 MB·English

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Master's Theses Graduate College
4-1993
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Joy Clendenon-Wallen
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Clendenon-Wallen, Joy, "The Use of Music Therapy to Influence the Self-Confidence and Hostility of
Adolescents Who are Sexually Abused" (1993). Master's Theses. 2.
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THE USE OF MUSIC THERAPY TO INFLUENCE THE SELF-CONFIDENCE
AND HOSTILITY OF ADOLESCENTS WHO ARE SEXUALLY ABUSED
by
Joy Clendenon-Wallen
A Thesis
Submitted to the
Faculty of The Graduate College
in partial fulfillment of the
requirements for the
Degree of Master of Music
School of Music
Western Michigan University
Kalamazoo, Michigan
April 1993
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
THE USE OF MUSIC THERAPY TO INFLUENCE THE SELF-CONFIDENCE
AND HOSTILITY OF ADOLESCENTS WHO ARE SEXUALLY ABUSED
Joy Clendenon-Wallen, M.M.
Western Michigan University, 1993
The purpose of this study was to determine whether music therapy would be
an effective therapeutic medium for reducing hostility and increasing the self-
confidence of sexually abused adolescents. The study utilized an experimental and
control group which is unique in the sexual abuse literature. Most studies are
descriptive or quasi-experimentul in nature. Some of the subjects increased their self-
confidence and decreased their hostility although no statistical significance was
achieved for either group. This study describes the treatment problems of sexually
abused adolescents and offers examples of non-confrontational and goal directed
treatment strategies which can be achieved through music therapy. Music therapy
appears to be an effective therapeutic medium for use with adolescents since it is an
important part of the adolescent peer culture. Music evokes feelings and facilitates the
expression of feelings and disclosure which is important in the treatment of sexual
abuse.
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ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
I would like to express my appreciation to my thesis review committee; Brian
Wilson, Mary Scovel, and Susan Caringella-MacDonald, for their patience
throughout the writing of this manuscript. They continued to be supportive as my life
took other turns and time kept slipping away. I am grateful for the encouragement
and support of my family and especially to my husband Jon and daughter Heather. I
wish to acknowledge the survivors who volunteered to be involved in this study and
all of the survivors that I have worked with and learned from in the past five years,
for their courage to face the atrocities of their past, to empower themselves and begin
to heal.
Joy Clendenon-Wallen
ii
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Order Number 1352192
The use of music therapy to influence the self-confidence and
hostility of adolescents who are sexually abused
Clendenon-Wallen, Joy, M.M.
Western Michigan University, 1993
U M I
300 N. Zeeb Rd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48106
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Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS..............................................................................................ii
LIST OF TABLES............................................................................................................vii
CHAPTER
I. INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................1
Background of the Problem................................................................1
The Prevalence of Sexual Abuse......................................1
The Definitions of Sexual Abuse.............................................2
The Purpose of the Research.....................................................4
Assumptions.........................................................................................4
II. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...................................................6
Socioeconomic and Ethnic Groups............................................6
The Sexual Abuse of Males................................................................6
Diagnosis of the Sexually Abused.............................................8
Posttraumatic Stress Disorder...................................................8
The Multiple Personality............................................................12
Borderline Personality Disorder...............................................14
Schizophrenia..............................................................................14
Traumagenic Dynamics........................................................................15
The Family Dynamics of Incest.................................................17
Types of Offenders......................................................................20
III. THE EFFECTS OF SEXUAL ABUSE......................................................22
The Most Frequent Effects..................................................................22
Self-Esteem..............................................................................22
iii
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Table of Contents-Continued
CHAPTER
Body Image................................................................................27
Sexuality......................................................................................28
Drug and Alcohol Abuse...................................................29
Eating Disorders.........................................................................30
Guilt and Shame.........................................................................31
Hostility or Aggression.............................................................32
Self-Injury...................................................................................39
IV. TREATMENT.................................................................................................42
Problems in the Treatment of Adolescents.............................. 42
The Treatment of Children..................................................................43
Family Systems Approach to Treatment...........................................44
The Treatment of Offenders................................................................45
The Incest Diversion Program.................................................47
Specialized Treatment Programs for Survivors...............................48
Music Therapy as a Therapeutic Treatment Modality.....................49
Research Hypotheses..........................................................................52
V. METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................53
Subjects...............................................................................................53
Music Therapy Group........................................................54
No Music Therapy Group.........................................................56
Setting...................................................................................................58
Instruments........................................................................................58
Materials.................................................................................................59
iv
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