The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea . ¨ Meltem Deniz Gu¨ner-Ozbek Editor The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea An Appraisal of the “Rotterdam Rules” Editor Dr.MeltemDenizGu¨ner-O¨zbek Koc¸University,SchoolofLaw RumeliFeneriYolu 34450Sanyer-Istanbul,Turkey [email protected] Koc¸UniversityFacultyofLawDr.Nu¨sret-SemahatArselInternationalBusinessLaw ImplementationandResearchCenter ISBN978-3-642-19649-2 e-ISBN978-3-642-19650-8 DOI10.1007/978-3-642-19650-8 SpringerHeidelbergDordrechtLondonNewYork LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2011930789 # Springer-VerlagBerlinHeidelberg2011 Thisworkissubjecttocopyright.Allrightsarereserved,whetherthewholeorpartofthematerialis concerned,specificallytherightsoftranslation,reprinting,reuseofillustrations,recitation,broadcasting, reproductiononmicrofilmorinanyotherway,andstorageindatabanks.Duplicationofthispublication orpartsthereofispermittedonlyundertheprovisionsoftheGermanCopyrightLawofSeptember9, 1965,initscurrentversion,andpermissionforusemustalwaysbeobtainedfromSpringer.Violations areliabletoprosecutionundertheGermanCopyrightLaw. Theuseofgeneraldescriptivenames,registerednames,trademarks,etc.inthispublicationdoesnotimply, evenintheabsenceofaspecificstatement,thatsuchnamesareexemptfromtherelevantprotective lawsandregulationsandthereforefreeforgeneraluse. Printedonacid-freepaper SpringerispartofSpringerScience+BusinessMedia(www.springer.com) Foreword Atthebeginningof2010,theKoc¸ UniversityLawSchool’sDr.Nu¨sret–Semahat ArselInternationalBusinessLawImplementationandResearchCenterdecidedto organize an international conference in order to thoroughly discuss the “UN ConventiononContractsfortheInternationalCarriageofGoodsWhollyorPartly bySea”,alsoknownasthe“RotterdamRules”. On 11 December 2008, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Rotterdam Rules and authorized a signing ceremony for the Convention, which took place in Rotterdam on 23 September 2009. The intention in adopting the Rotterdam Rules was to replace the outdated Hague / Hague-Visby Rules, which were considered inadequate for fulfilling the needs of modern trade, and the HamburgRules,whichhaveprovedunpopularwithmaritimenations.Significant- ly,theRotterdamRulesembodycontemporaryanduniformregulationsformodern door-to-door container shipping and include innovations that the current interna- tional shipping regime lack. However it should also be acknowledged that the Conventionhasbeensubjecttocriticismwithregardtocertainissues. In this regard, the aforementioned international conference was hosted by the Dr. Nu¨sret – Semahat Arsel International Business Law Implementation and Re- searchCenteron6–7May2010.TheResearchCenterhasalsodecidedtopublish thepapersdeliveredattheConferenceasabook,inordertomakethemavailableto legal circles. Accordingly, this book primarily consists of the papers presented at the conference. One notable addition is a paper submitted by Prof. Francesco Berlingieri,eventhoughhewasunabletoattendandpresentitattheconference. It must be noted that a significant number of the contributors to the book also personallytookpartintheprocessofdraftingtheRotterdamRules.Turkishlawyers werealsoinvitedtocontributetothedraftingprocessinordertoprepareTurkeyfor theRotterdamRules,thoughthecountryisnotyetapartytotheConvention. IwouldliketoexpressmygratitudetoDr.MeltemDenizGu¨ner-O¨zbekforher efforts both inorganizing the conference and editing this book. Furthermore I am gratefultoSpringerVerlag,whoagreedtopublishthisbook,fortheirinterestinthe subject. Prof.Dr.TankutCentel DeanofKoc¸ UniversityLawSchool v . Preface It is my great pleasure to edit The United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Carriage of Goods Wholly or Partly by Sea, An Appraisal of the Rotterdam Rules with the intent of disseminating both the insider’s and out- sider’s evaluations and views on the Rotterdam Rules. The insiders are Prof. Francesco Berlingieri – infamous doyen of maritime law, who was so kind astosendhisadvancepapereventhoughhewasnotabletoattendtheconference; Prof. Michael Sturley – Senior advisor of the U.S. delegation to UNCITRAL Working Group III and Member of the UNCITRAL Secretariats’s Expert Group on Transport Law, who has been involved with the Rotterdam Rules since their earliest stages; Prof. Tomotaka Fujita, – Head of the Japanese Delegation to UNCITRAL Working Group III and Member of the UNCITRAL Secretariats’s Expert Group on Transport Law; Prof. Dr. Gertjan van der Ziel – Head of the Netherland’s Delegation to UNCITRAL Working Group III and Member of the UNCITRAL Secretariats’s Expert Group on Transport Law; and Dr. Anders Moellmann–DelegateandHeadoftheDanishDelegationtoUNCITRALWorking GroupIIIatthe18ththroughtothe21stSessionsandthe41stCommissionSession. IntheirpaperstheyprovidethebackgroundideasoftheRotterdamRules,aswellas theirindividualevaluationsandcriticismonbothgeneralissuesandparticulartopics.On theotherhand,localacademicsProf.Dr.SamimU¨nan,myself,Prof.Dr.FehmiU¨lgener, AssociateProf.Dr.KerimAtamer,AssociateProf.Dr.HakanKaran,andAssistantProf. Dr.ZeynepDeryaTarmanhaveevaluatedtheRotterdamRulesfromanotherperspec- tivetakingintoaccountTurkishLaw.Discussionsattheconferenceinvolvedinteresting argumentsaswellasundiscoveredissuespertainingtotheRotterdamRules.Wedonot knowiforwhentheRotterdamRuleswillcomeintoforce.Whatwedoknowisthatthe RotterdamRulestakethebasicrulesoftheHague-VisbyRulesanddevelopsthemin lightofmoderndevelopments.EveniftheRotterdamRulesdonotcomeintoforce,they willneverthelessinfluencefuturedevelopmentsinthisareaofmaritimelaw. I am grateful to Koc¸ University Law School Dr. Nu¨sret – Semahat Arsel International Business Law Implementation and Research Center for its generous fundingtoorganizetheconferenceaswellastopublishitsproceedings.Iamalso deeplythankfultoProf.Dr.TankutCentel,DeanofKoc¸UniversityLawSchool,for his invaluable support in academic work in general and for believing in me in vii viii Preface particular.Hehassupportedmeandmyinternationalacademicactivitiessincemy earlyacademiclife. Inaddition,Iwouldliketoacknowledgemyspecialthankstomydearcolleague Dr. Zeynep Derya Tarman for her inestimable suggestions and observations. I do notknowhowIwouldhavecopedwithouthervaluableassistanceinpreparingfor theconferenceaswellaspreparingthisbookforpublication.Ialsoowethanksto AnthonyRichardTownleyforhiskindandexpeditiousassistanceinproof-reading ofsomeofthepapers. Lastbutnotleast,Iowegratitudetomyfamily. Sariyer,January2011 Dr.MeltemDenizGu¨ner-O¨zbek Koc¸ UniversitySchoolofLaw Contents 1 TheHistoryoftheRotterdamRules ...................................... 1 FrancescoBerlingieri 2 GeneralPrinciplesofTransportLawandtheRotterdamRules ...... 63 MichaelF.Sturley 3 TheScopeofApplicationoftheRotterdamRulesandFreedom ofContract ................................................................. 87 SamimU¨nan 4 ExtendedScopeoftheRotterdamRules:MaritimePlus andConflictoftheExtensionwiththeExtensionsofOther TransportLawConventions ............................................ 107 MeltemDenizGu¨ner-O¨zbek 5 ObligationsandLiabilitiesoftheCarrier .............................. 139 M.FehmiU¨lgener 6 ConstructionProblemsintheRotterdamRulesRegarding theIdentityoftheCarrier ............................................... 155 KerimAtamerandCu¨neytSu¨zel 7 CompensationforDamage .............................................. 201 AndersMøllmann 8 ObligationsandLiabilitiesoftheShipper ............................. 211 TomotakaFujita 9 TransportDocumentsintheLightoftheRotterdamRules .......... 229 HakanKaran ix x Contents 10 RightsoftheControllingParty ........................................ 249 GertjanvanderZiel 11 JurisdictionandArbitrationUndertheRotterdamRules .......... 265 ZeynepDeryaTarman