The United Nations and Decolonization PDF
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The United Nations and Decolonization Differinginterpretations ofthe history ofthe UnitedNations onthe one handcon- ceiveofitasaninstrumenttopromotecolonialinterestswhileontheotherempha- size its influence in facilitating self-determination for dependent territories. The authors in this book explore this dynamic in order to expand our understanding of both the achievementsand the limits ofinternational support for the independence of colonized peoples. This book will prove foundational for scholars and students ofmodernhistory,internationalhistory,andpostcolonialhistory. Nicole Eggers is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Tennessee– Knoxville. Her field of research is the modern history of the Democratic Republic ofCongo. Jessica Lynne Pearson is Assistant Professor of History at Macalester College. SheistheauthorofTheColonialPoliticsofGlobalHealth:FranceandtheUnited NationsinPostwarAfrica(2018). Aurora Almada e Santos is Researcher at the Institute of Contemporary History of NOVA University of Lisbon. She is the author of A Organização das Nações Unidas e a Questão Colonial Portuguesa, 1960–1974 (2017). Routledge Studies in Modern History 63 Intellectuals in the Latin Space during the Era of Fascism Crossing Borders Edited by Valeria Galimi and Annarita Gori 64 The Co-opting of Education by Extremist Factions Professing Hate Sarah Gendron 65 Alcohol Flows Across Cultures Drinking Cultures in Transnational and Comparative Perspective Edited by Waltraud Ernst 66 Red Money for the Global South East-South Economic Relations in the Cold War Max Trecker 67 In the Shadow of the Swastika TheRelationshipsBetweenIndianRadicalNationalism,ItalianFascismandNazism Marzia Casolari 68 Russia in Asia Imaginations, Interactions, and Realities Edited by Jane F. Hacking, Jeffrey S. Hardy, and Matthew P. Romaniello 69 The United Nations and Decolonization Edited by Nicole Eggers, Jessica Lynne Pearson, and Aurora Almada e Santos 70 The Grand Strategies of Great Powers Tudor A. Onea Forafulllistoftitles,pleasevisit:www.routledge.com/history/series/MODHIST The United Nations and Decolonization Edited by Nicole Eggers, Jessica Lynne Pearson, and Aurora Almada e Santos Firstpublished2020 byRoutledge 2ParkSquare,MiltonPark,Abingdon,OxonOX144RN andbyRoutledge 52VanderbiltAvenue,NewYork,NY10017 RoutledgeisanimprintoftheTaylor&FrancisGroup,aninformabusiness ©2020selectionandeditorialmatter,NicoleEggers,JessicaLynnePearson, andAuroraAlmadaeSantos;individualchapters,thecontributors TherightofNicoleEggers,JessicaLynnePearsonandAuroraAlmada eSantostobeidentifiedastheauthorsoftheeditorialmaterial,andofthe authorsfortheirindividualchapters,hasbeenassertedinaccordancewith sections77and78oftheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthisbookmaybereprintedorreproduced orutilisedinanyformorbyanyelectronic,mechanical,orothermeans, nowknownorhereafterinvented,includingphotocopyingandrecording, orinanyinformationstorageorretrievalsystem,withoutpermissionin writingfromthepublishers. Trademarknotice:Productorcorporatenamesmaybetrademarksor registeredtrademarks,andareusedonlyforidentificationandexplanation withoutintenttoinfringe. BritishLibraryCataloguing-in-PublicationData AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData Acatalogrecordhasbeenrequestedforthisbook ISBN:978-1-138-48702-4(hbk) ISBN:978-1-351-04403-5(ebk) TypesetinTimesNewRoman byIntegraSoftwareServicesPvt.Ltd. Contents Listofcontributors vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 JESSICALYNNEPEARSON PARTI Thepoliticsofoversight 21 1 Nationalprerogativesversusinternationalsupervision:Britain’s evolvingpolicytowardthecampaignforequivalencyofUnited Nations’handlingofdependentterritories,1945–1963 23 MARYANNHEISS 2 Achallengetothesystem:theSouthWestAfricaquestionandthe UnitedNationsTrusteeshipCouncil 40 JASONMORGAN 3 TheUnitedNations,Italiandecolonization,andthe1949Bevin-Sforza plan:avictoryforneocolonialism? 61 FRANCESCOTAMBURINI PARTII Decolonizingglobalgovernance? 81 4 TheUnitedNationsbetween“oldboys’club”andachanging worldorder:theSouthAfrican-IndiandisputeattheUnitedNations, 1945–1955 83 ANGELALOSCHKE vi Contents 5 “Acrisisofconfidence”:thepostcolonialmomentandthediplomacy ofdecolonizationattheUnitedNations,ca.1961 105 CAIOSIMÕESDEARAÚJO 6 Haiti,theUnitedNations,anddecolonizationintheCongo 127 CHANTALLEF.VERNA PARTIII Unravelingempire 149 7 TheTrustTerritoryofSomaliland,1950–1960:trusteeshiporcolony? 151 ALESSIATORTOLINI 8 TheUnitedNationsandPortuguesecolonies,1961–1962:information gatheringandtheevolvinginterpretationofArticle73(e) 171 AURORAALMADAESANTOS 9 TheUnitedNationsandWestPapuanself-determination:lingering conceptionsof“civilization”inthedecolonizationprocess 206 GRACECHENG Index 234 Contributors Editors Nicole Eggers is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Tennessee– Knoxville. Her field of research is the modern history of the Democratic Republic of Congo. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3351-189X Jessica Lynne Pearson is Assistant Professor of History at Macalester Col- lege. She is the author of The Colonial Politics of Global Health: France and the United Nations in Postwar Africa (2018). https://orcid.org/0000- 0002-1413-3539 Aurora Almada e Santos is ResearcherattheInstituteofContemporaryHistory ofNOVAUniversityofLisbon.SheistheauthorofAOrganizaçãodasNações Unidas e a Questão Colonial Portuguesa, 1960–1974 (2017). https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-5753-7015 Authors Caio Simões de Araújo is Mellon Postdoctoral Fellow at the Centre for Indian Studies in Africa (CISA) at the University of the Witwatersrand. He is the editor of A Luta Continua, 40 Anos Depois: Histórias Entrelaçadas da África Austral (2017). https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8502-6263 Grace Cheng is Lecturer in the Department of Political Science at San Diego State University (SDSU) and Director of the Interdisciplinary Human Rights Initiative in the SDSU College of Arts and Letters. Her area of specialization is comparative and international politics, with a focus on Asia and the polit- ics of human rights. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5897-8701 Mary Ann Heiss is Associate Professor of History at Kent State University. She is a specialist in the history of United States foreign relations with a particular emphasis on Anglo-American relations. Her current research explores the growing role of the United Nations in the process of decoloniza- tion during the period 1945–1963. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5866-5978 viii Contributors Angela Loschke is Desk Officer at the German Federal Foreign Office in Berlin. She received her PhD at the Graduate School Global and Area Stud- ies at the University of Leipzig. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0735-857X Jason Morgan is Assistant Professor of History at Collin College. He received his PhD in History from the University of Texas at Austin. https://orcid.org/ 0000-0002-0591-4675 Francesco Tamburini isAssistantProfessorintheDepartmentofPoliticalScience of the University of Pisa. His main fields of research are the history of inter- nationalrelationsandAfricanhistory.https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1733-941X Alessia Tortolini is PhD candidate in Geopolitics in the Department of Political Science of the University of Pisa. Her current studies are focus on the Per- sian Gulf area (especially Iran, Iranian domestic and foreign policy, and Iran- ian political institutions), postcolonial studies, memory studies, and Islamic studies. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9154-784X Chantalle F. Verna is Associate Professor of History and International Relations atFlorida InternationalUniversity. SheistheauthorofHaitiandtheUsesof America: Post-U.S. Occupation Promises (2017) and coeditor of The Haiti Reader: History, Culture, and Politics (forthcoming). https://orcid.org/0000- 0001-8430-4017 Acknowledgments The editorswould like,first and foremost,tothank the contributorstothisvolume for their thoughtful insights into a growing field of scholarly inquiry. This book is based on a conference entitled “The United Nations and Decolonization after World War II,” held at Tulane University in June 2017. We are grateful to the Tulane Department of History and the New Orleans Center for the Gulf South at Tulane for their support, as well as to Elisabeth McMahon and Laura Rosanne Adderley for their invaluable contributions to the conference. Jessica Lynne Pear- son would like to thank Rachel Kantrowitz, Katrina Phillips, and Ernesto Capello forreadingearlierdraftsoftheintroduction.AuroraAlmadaeSantoswouldliketo acknowledgetheInstituteofContemporaryHistoryatNOVAUniversityofLisbon forfundingtheEnglish-languageeditingofhercontribution.
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