Table Of Content

The Underwater Photographer ThisbookisdedicatedtothememoryofArthurRutter.Alovingfather, agentleandcaringgrandfatherandagreatdad-in-law. The Underwater Photographer Fourth Edition Martin Edge Edited by Judith Young AMSTERDAM(cid:2)BOSTON(cid:2)HEIDELBERG(cid:2)LONDON(cid:2)NEWYORK(cid:2)OXFORD PARIS(cid:2)SANDIEGO(cid:2)SANFRANCISCO(cid:2)SINGAPORE(cid:2)SYDNEY(cid:2)TOKYO FocalPressisanimprintofElsevier FocalPressisanimprintofElsevier TheBoulevard,LangfordLane,Kidlington,Oxford,OX51GB,UK 30CorporateDrive,Suite400,Burlington,MA01803,USA Firstedition1996 Secondedition1999 Thirdedition2006 Fourthedition2010 Copyright(cid:2)1996,1999,2006,2010MartinEdge.PublishedbyElsevierLtd.Allrightsreserved. TherightofMartinEdgetobeidentifiedastheauthorofthisworkhasbeenassertedinaccordance withtheCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988 Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproducedortransmittedinanyformorbyanymeans,elec- tronicormechanical,includingphotocopying,recording,oranyinformationstorageandretrieval system,withoutpermissioninwritingfromthepublisher.Detailsonhowtoseekpermission,further informationaboutthePublisher’spermissionspoliciesandourarrangementwithorganizations suchastheCopyrightClearanceCenterandtheCopyrightLicensingAgency,canbefoundatour website:www.elsevier.com/permissions Thisbookandtheindividualcontributionscontainedinitareprotectedundercopyrightbythe Publisher(otherthanasmaybenotedherein). Notices Knowledgeandbestpracticeinthisfieldareconstantlychanging.Asnewresearchandexperience broadenourunderstanding,changesinresearchmethods,professionalpractices,ormedical treatmentmaybecomenecessary. Practitionersandresearchersmustalwaysrelyontheirownexperienceandknowledgeinevalu- atingandusinganyinformation,methods,compounds,orexperimentsdescribedherein.Inusing suchinformationormethodstheyshouldbemindfuloftheirownsafetyandthesafetyofothers, includingpartiesforwhomtheyhaveaprofessionalresponsibility. Tothefullestextentofthelaw,neitherthePublishernortheauthors,contributors,oreditors, assumeanyliabilityforanyinjuryand/ordamagetopersonsorpropertyasamatterofproducts liability,negligenceorotherwise,orfromanyuseoroperationofanymethods,products,instruc- tions,orideascontainedinthematerialherein. BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Edge,Martin. Theunderwaterphotographer.--4thed. 1.Underwaterphotography. 2.UnderwaterphotographydTechnique. I.Title 778.7’3-dc22 LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2009941889 ISBN:978-0-240-52164-0 ForinformationonallFocalPresspublications visitourwebsiteatfocalpress.com PrintedandboundinCanada 091011121110987654321 Contents Foreword..........................................................................................................x AbouttheBook..............................................................................................xi Introduction.................................................................................................xiv Acknowledgements....................................................................................xvii PhotographicInformation...........................................................................xix Chapter1: PrinciplesofUnderwaterPhotography...................................1 Introduction......................................................................................................................1 UnderstandingApertures............................................................................................4 UnderstandingShutterSpeeds.................................................................................6 HowApertureandShutterSpeedWorkTogether...........................................7 UnderstandingDepthofField..................................................................................8 UnderstandingISO.......................................................................................................12 UnderstandingWhiteBalanceandColourTemperature.............................15 RAWvJPEG....................................................................................................................22 MemoryCards................................................................................................................28 UnderstandingBitDepth..........................................................................................30 HDR(HighDynamicRange).....................................................................................31 Refraction........................................................................................................................34 LossofLightandLossofColour...........................................................................35 CloserandCloser.........................................................................................................38 TheProblemswithShootingDown.....................................................................41 UnderstandingLenses................................................................................................49 Chapter2: DigitalCompactCamerasbyMarkKoekemoer...................57 UnderstandingtheDigitalCompactCamera....................................................57 ChoosingaClose-upLens........................................................................................67 Flashguns.........................................................................................................................67 Filters.................................................................................................................................72 Summary..........................................................................................................................74 TheCompactImageGallery....................................................................................76 v Contents Chapter3: SLRCamerasandHousings....................................................81 IntroductiontoSLRCameras...................................................................................81 SLRCameraExposureModes..................................................................................83 UnderstandingExposureCompensation............................................................94 UnderstandingMeteringPatterns.........................................................................96 SLRCamerasandAutoFocusUnderwater.....................................................104 FullFrameandCroppedSensors........................................................................110 UnderstandingHistograms:TheBasics............................................................112 NewIdeasaboutIn-CameraHistogram...........................................................116 ImageOverlayFeature............................................................................................120 LiveView.......................................................................................................................123 ViewfinderDioptreAdjustmentControl..........................................................124 SLRCameraHousingsbySteveWarren...........................................................125 HowdoIChooseaSystem?.................................................................................126 HousingConstruction..............................................................................................128 SLRHousingViewfinder..........................................................................................129 ImageReducer...........................................................................................................130 MagnifyingOptics.....................................................................................................130 ViewfindersComeinDifferentOrientations...................................................131 ChecktheSmallPrint..............................................................................................133 Ports................................................................................................................................133 Flashguns......................................................................................................................137 OtherFeatures............................................................................................................139 TheFuture....................................................................................................................139 Chapter4: DivingtoTakePhotographs.................................................141 Introduction.................................................................................................................141 HowtoTakePicturesandProtecttheReef....................................................141 Pre-Planning................................................................................................................150 F8d1MetredBeThere!...................................................................................152 Accessibility.................................................................................................................155 PhotoBodyAngles...................................................................................................160 Chapter5: TheMindsetoftheSuccessfulUnderwaterPhotographer....165 Introduction.................................................................................................................165 ‘ThinkandConsider’(TC)System.......................................................................167 vi Contents CameraPreparation..................................................................................................171 DevelopingourPowersofConcentration.......................................................174 SubjectSelection,NegativeSpace,Potential—TheWayin whichweChoosewhattoShoot.......................................................................177 Approach......................................................................................................................191 LightingforUnderwaterPhotography.............................................................197 CompositionfortheTCSystem..........................................................................199 Visualisation.................................................................................................................201 Patience.........................................................................................................................204 PeakoftheAction....................................................................................................206 Shoot,EvaluateandWorktheSubject.............................................................211 Chapter6: AllAboutLighting..................................................................215 LightintheSea..........................................................................................................215 NaturalLight...............................................................................................................217 UsingFlashguns.........................................................................................................245 BlendingNaturalLightandFlashTogether....................................................267 Chapter7: CompositionUnderwater......................................................275 Introduction.................................................................................................................275 TheWorkofOtherUnderwaterPhotographers............................................276 DecisionMakingThroughtheViewfinder.......................................................276 HorizontalorVertical—LandscapeorPortrait.............................................277 FocalPoint:AttracttheEyeoftheViewer......................................................279 GoldenRules:LawofThirds.................................................................................281 Bull’s-EyeApproach:CenteringtheSubject...................................................285 HoldingYourCameraHousing:Orientation...................................................285 DramaticDiagonals..................................................................................................286 TiltingtheCamera.....................................................................................................288 Enclosure......................................................................................................................292 CurvesandCircles.....................................................................................................292 HorizonLine................................................................................................................293 DepthPerspective.....................................................................................................294 ComplementaryColours.........................................................................................295 Balance..........................................................................................................................296 vii Contents Baseline.........................................................................................................................299 Mergers..........................................................................................................................299 Amputations................................................................................................................300 EyeContact..................................................................................................................301 SomethingtoSwimInto........................................................................................302 SimplicityItself...........................................................................................................302 BigisnotAlwaysBetter..........................................................................................304 WhichWaytoView..................................................................................................305 BreakingtheRules....................................................................................................305 InConclusion..............................................................................................................305 Chapter8: Close-UpandMacro...............................................................307 Introduction.................................................................................................................307 BlueWaterClose-Up................................................................................................327 BlueWaterMacroExamples.................................................................................328 Close-UpBlurAKABokeh......................................................................................332 ShootingFishClose-Up..........................................................................................340 AbstractArt.................................................................................................................346 SuperMacroPhotographybyKeriWilk...........................................................354 Chapter9: WideAngle..............................................................................367 ShootingWideAngles:Introductiontothe WideAngleConcept................................................................................................367 CloseFocusWideAngle.........................................................................................381 WorkingwithaModel.............................................................................................387 WideAngleandSlowShutterSpeeds..............................................................395 SchoolingFish.............................................................................................................400 SplitLevels...................................................................................................................408 PhotographingShipwrecks...................................................................................418 ShootingPelagicsbyJohnWallis.......................................................................429 SLRs.................................................................................................................................432 WideAngleMacro....................................................................................................437 TheWideAngleWowFactor................................................................................440 viii Contents Chapter10: UnderwaterPhotographyinTemperateWaters byShannonConway............................................................449 Introduction.................................................................................................................449 Green/TemperateWaterMagicFiltersbyPeterRowlands.......................465 Chapter11: CreatinganIndividualStylebyDrAlexanderMustard.....469 TheDevelopmentofaPhotographicStyle....................................................470 EducationBeforeInnovation................................................................................470 DecidingtobeDifferent........................................................................................471 VibrantandInvitingWideAngle.........................................................................472 CharacterfulMacro...................................................................................................477 Play-Time:ExperimentingwithIdeasandDealingwithFailure.............479 ThePitfallsofBeingDifferent..............................................................................480 EditingisCrucial........................................................................................................480 Conclusion....................................................................................................................482 Chapter12: DevelopingaWorkflowSystembyStuartGibson...........483 Introduction.................................................................................................................483 Software........................................................................................................................484 ImageFileManagement.........................................................................................484 OrganisingtheImages............................................................................................493 DevelopModule........................................................................................................496 Collections....................................................................................................................497 ExportingFilesfromLightroom..........................................................................498 Conclusion....................................................................................................................499 InternetResourcesSuppliers....................................................................501 Glossary.......................................................................................................505 Index............................................................................................................512 ix