The Undermining of Austria-Hungary: The Battle for Hearts and Minds PDF
Preview The Undermining of Austria-Hungary: The Battle for Hearts and Minds
The Undermining of Austria-Hungary Also by Mark Cornwall THE LAST YEARS OF AUSTRIA-HUNGARY: Essays in Political and Military History, 1908–1918 (editor) The Undermining of Austria-Hungary The Battle for Hearts and Minds Mark Cornwall First published in Great Britain 2000 by MACMILLAN PRESS LTD Houndmills, Basingstoke, Hampshire RG21 6XS and London Companies and representatives throughout the world A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN 978-1-349-42240-1 ISBN 978-0-230-28635-1 (eBook) DOI. 10.1057/9780230286351 First published in the United States of America 2000 by ST. MARTIN’S PRESS, INC., Scholarly and Reference Division, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York, N.Y. 10010 ISBN 978-0-312–23151–4 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Cornwall, Mark. The undermining of Austria-Hungary : the battle for hearts and minds / Mark Cornwall. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-312–23151–4 (cloth) 1. World War, 1914–1918—Austria—Propaganda. 2. World War, 1914–1918– –Austria. 3. Hungary—History—1867–1918. 4. Austria—Foreign relations– –1867–1918. 5. World War, 1914–1918—Public opinion. I. Title. D639.P7 A93 2000 940.4'887436—dc21 99–059429 © John Mark Cornwall 2000 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2000 978-0-333-80452-0 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No paragraph of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, 90 Tottenham Court Road, London W1P 0LP. Any person who does any unauthorised act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The author has asserted his right to be identified as the author of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. This book is printed on paper suitable for recycling and made from fully managed and sustained forest sources. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 09 08 07 06 05 04 03 02 01 For my parents, John and Benita Cornwall This page intentionally left blank Contents List of Tables ix List of Illustrations x List of Maps xi Preface xii List of Abbreviations xv 1 A Theory of Front Propaganda 1 2 Austria-Hungary and the Control of Wartime Morale 16 3 The Experience of Propaganda against Russia 40 3.1 The campaign on the Eastern Front 40 3.2 The `breaking of Russia' 49 3.3 The Serbian campaign 62 4 Austria-Hungary's Campaign against Italy 74 4.1 The Italian target 74 4.2 The launch of an Austrian campaign 78 4.3 The impact of Austria-Hungary's front propaganda 92 5 The Seeds of Italy's Campaign 112 5.1 Obstacles to effective propaganda 112 5.2 The role of Italian military Intelligence 122 5.3 The dream of Carzano 131 5.4 The propaganda duel 149 6 Italy's Campaign against Austria-Hungary 174 6.1 The British contribution 174 6.2 Steed's coordinating mission 185 6.3 The Padua Commission 202 6.4 Trench propaganda 228 7 Austria-Hungary on the Defensive 257 7.1 The perception of enemy propaganda 257 7.2 The Feindespropaganda-Abwehrstelle 268 7.3 The case of the 42nd HonveÂd Infantry Division 287 7.4 Austria loses the propaganda duel 299 vii viii Contents 8 The Climax of Italian Psychological Warfare 320 8.1 The pressure of Crewe House and the Italian obstacle 320 8.2 An Italian or an Allied campaign? 332 8.3 Padua's summer campaign: the `Oppressed Nationalities' 342 8.4 Padua's summer campaign: the Magyars and German-Austrians 362 8.5 New trials in trench propaganda 373 9 Disintegration 405 9.1 The failure of patriotic instruction 405 9.2 A final duel in front propaganda 415 10 Conclusion 433 Appendix 445 Bibliography 454 Index 466 List of Tables 7.1 Diminishing strength of the 42HID (1918) 297 7.2 Percentage of literate males, aged 16±50, in Austria, Hungary and Bosnia-Hercegovina 300 7.3 Desertions to the Italian 4th Army, 15 May±14 June 1918 301 8.1 Propaganda and Reconnaissance Units, June±November 1918 377 9.1 Desertions from the Austrian 11th Army, 1±30 September 1918 408 ix
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