Table Of Content

THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents...........................................................................4 7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects......................................................................46 TO THE TEACHER......................................................6 chuotl du pup..................................................................................................................................4467 let out..................................................................47 TO THE STUDENT.......................................................7 point out..............................................................48 run over...............................................................48 see about.............................................................49 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal take in..................................................................49 verbs..........................................................................9 come from.............................................................9 8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs.............56 figure out............................................................10 burn out...............................................................56 give back.............................................................10 fall over...............................................................57 look for...............................................................10 fight back............................................................57 put on..................................................................10 hear of.................................................................58 run into................................................................11 pick out...............................................................58 show up...............................................................11 tear down.............................................................58 take off................................................................12 work in................................................................59 2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did...16 9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an come off..............................................................17 additional particle when used with an object, 1...63 doze off...............................................................19 break out.............................................................64 fall for.................................................................19 catch up...............................................................64 give in.................................................................19 chicken out..........................................................65 hear about...........................................................19 get along..............................................................65 pull through.........................................................19 give up................................................................65 stay off................................................................20 hang up................................................................65 throw up..............................................................20 hook up...............................................................66 work up...............................................................66 3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs...................23 feel up to.............................................................23 10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1.........71 get over with.......................................................23 fall off.................................................................71 go along with......................................................23 kick back.............................................................74 go in for..............................................................24 lay off..................................................................74 look forward to...................................................24 screw up..............................................................75 put up with..........................................................24 screw out of........................................................24 talk down to........................................................24 11. FnOouCnUsS.. .O...N...:.. p...h..r..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .u..s..e..d.. .i.n.. .c..o..m...p..o..u..n...d.. .....80 4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal backup.................................................................81 verbs........................................................................27 cut off..................................................................82 drop off...............................................................83 cheat on...............................................................27 follow up.............................................................84 go after................................................................27 take out................................................................84 look up................................................................28 try out..................................................................85 pay for.................................................................28 wake up...............................................................86 plan for................................................................29 work out..............................................................86 point to................................................................29 pwurta pto u..p................................................................................................................................2390 12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs................93 back off...............................................................93 5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal come across.........................................................94 verbs........................................................................33 come up...............................................................94 fall through.........................................................95 break down.........................................................33 put out.................................................................95 burn down...........................................................35 cfianldl ionu.t.................................................................................................................................3355 13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1..................100 hand back............................................................35 call off...............................................................100 look at.................................................................36 dose off.............................................................100 setup....................................................................36 hand in..............................................................101 let off.................................................................102 6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal light up..............................................................102 verbs........................................................................41 track down.........................................................103 boil down to........................................................41 ccoommee udopw wni twhi.t.h......................................................................................................4421 14. FpOhrCaUsaSl vOeNrb: sp, a1r.t..i.c..i.p..l.e.. .a..d..j.e..c..t.i.v..e..s. .f.o..r..m...e..d.. .f..r.o..m.... .107 get around to.......................................................42 butt in................................................................109 get out of.............................................................42 dress up.............................................................109 go back on...........................................................42 dry up................................................................109 go through with...................................................43 fill out................................................................110 monkey around with...........................................43 put away............................................................110 stick up..............................................................110 zip up................................................................171 use up................................................................111 22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right 15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to and all....................................................................175 ...............................................................................117 burn up..............................................................177 blow away.........................................................118 clear up..............................................................177 come through....................................................118 count up............................................................178 dry out...............................................................119 eat up.................................................................178 fix up.................................................................119 heat up...............................................................178 go with..............................................................120 pay up................................................................178 head back..........................................................121 plug up..............................................................179 tell on................................................................122 wipe up..............................................................179 16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1 23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require ...............................................................................126 an additional particle when used with an object, 2 believe in..........................................................126 ...............................................................................183 carry on.............................................................127 crack down........................................................183 count on............................................................127 cut down............................................................183 get through........................................................128 drop out.............................................................185 go for................................................................129 get away............................................................185 hold off.............................................................129 hold out.............................................................186 put past..............................................................129 make up.............................................................186 think about........................................................130 stay out..............................................................188 watch out...........................................................188 17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs.............135 come over.........................................................136 24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2.......192 get back at.........................................................136 come down........................................................192 go about............................................................137 Let up................................................................193 grow out of........................................................137 print out.............................................................193 rip up.................................................................137 show off............................................................194 wear down.........................................................138 slow down.........................................................194 stop over............................................................195 18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and trade in..............................................................195 would.....................................................................143 bfirgeuarket horno.u..g..h............................................................................................................114444 25. FaOndC mUuSs Ot.N...:.. p...h..r..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .a..n..d... .h..a..v.e.. .t.o..,. .h...a..v.e.. .g..o..t2 t0o0, get off...............................................................145 do with..............................................................201 go beyond.........................................................146 have on..............................................................201 lift upon............................................................146 hurry up.............................................................202 line up...............................................................146 knock over.........................................................202 stand around......................................................147 lighten up..........................................................202 tell apart............................................................147 plan ahead.........................................................202 settle for............................................................203 19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right151 think up.............................................................203 abirmin ga tb.a..c..k....................................................................................................................115512 26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back206 bring over..........................................................152 get together.......................................................206 cool off..............................................................152 go over..............................................................207 go back..............................................................153 go up.................................................................208 hand over..........................................................153 let in on.............................................................208 pull over............................................................153 open up..............................................................209 warm up............................................................154 put together.......................................................209 shut off..............................................................209 20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing start up..............................................................210 form.......................................................................159 egnod a ruopu.n..d......................................................................................................................115599 27. FthOeC aUdvSe OrbN r:i gphhtr..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .w...i.t..h.. .t.h..e.. .p..a..r..t.i.c..l.e.. .o..f.f. .a2n1d4 Go off...............................................................161 bite off...............................................................215 hang around......................................................162 break off............................................................215 lie around..........................................................163 dry off...............................................................215 start out.............................................................163 knock off...........................................................216 stay up...............................................................163 tear off...............................................................216 wash off............................................................216 21. F..O...C...U..S... .O...N..:.. .p..h..r..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .a..n...d.. .s.h..o..u...l.d.. .a..n..d.. .o..u..g..h.1t 6to8 wwiepaer ooffff..........................................................................................................................221177 llooookk oarvoeurn..d................................................................................................................116699 28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2..................222 pick on..............................................................169 beef up..............................................................222 settle down........................................................170 break up............................................................222 step on...............................................................170 call back............................................................223 take out on........................................................170 call up................................................................223 think ahead........................................................171 carry out............................................................223 give away..........................................................224 live with............................................................279 mess up.............................................................224 make of.............................................................280 stand up.............................................................225 narrow down.....................................................280 trick into............................................................280 29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can ...............................................................................229 36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down ask for...............................................................229 ...............................................................................284 come apart.........................................................230 back down.........................................................284 drop in...............................................................230 calm down.........................................................285 flip out..............................................................230 fall down...........................................................285 look out.............................................................230 go down............................................................285 luck out.............................................................230 lay down............................................................286 make out...........................................................231 put down...........................................................286 run across..........................................................231 run down...........................................................287 sit down.............................................................288 30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2.....................................................235 37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3.......293 lock in...............................................................236 brush off............................................................293 Lock out............................................................236 come on.............................................................294 punch in............................................................237 cover up............................................................295 put out...............................................................237 hang out............................................................295 sort out..............................................................238 leave over left over............................................295 space out...........................................................239 Let down...........................................................296 wash up.............................................................239 talk to................................................................297 31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects245 38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and care for..............................................................245 adverbials showing degrees of variability...........302 cut out...............................................................246 keep at...............................................................303 do away with.....................................................246 keep away.........................................................303 do without.........................................................247 keep down.........................................................303 look into............................................................247 keep from..........................................................304 plan on..............................................................247 keep off.............................................................304 put off...............................................................247 keep on..............................................................304 rule out..............................................................248 keep to...............................................................305 keep up..............................................................305 32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out251 clean out............................................................252 39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3..................309 clear out............................................................253 chop up..............................................................310 come out...........................................................253 cross off............................................................310 empty out..........................................................255 fill up.................................................................310 fall out...............................................................255 pick up..............................................................311 go out................................................................255 sell out...............................................................312 leave out............................................................256 straighten out.....................................................313 stick out............................................................256 take over............................................................313 wipe out............................................................314 33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs..................................................................262 40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal blow up.............................................................264 verbs followed by the -ing form...........................320 catch on.............................................................264 come about........................................................265 -ing form..............................................................320 fall behind.........................................................265 goof around.......................................................265 gerund..................................................................320 help out.............................................................266 blow off.............................................................320 know about.......................................................266 burst out............................................................321 pull off..............................................................266 come back.........................................................321 get off on...........................................................322 go away.............................................................322 34. FpOhrCaUsaSl vOeNrb: sp, r2o..n..u..n..c..i.a..t.i.o..n.. .o..f.. .t.w...o..-.a..n..d.. .t..h..r..e.e..-.w...o.2rd70 run around.........................................................322 do over..............................................................270 The cat ran around the room chasing the float around.......................................................271 mouse.............................................................322 lead up to..........................................................271 put up to............................................................271 The children were running around the stand for............................................................271 museum, and the guard told them to sstattiikccekk batoarco.k.u...n....d.......................................................................................................................................................................222777232 sstticokp w..i.t.h........................................................................................................................332223 35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs......................277 41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into fgooo bl yar..o.u..n..d..................................................................................................................227788 when used with an object...........................327 hold against.......................................................279 break in.............................................................328 leave behind......................................................279 Check out..........................................................329 go in.................................................................330 talk out of..........................................................374 let in..................................................................330 psnluega ikn i.n........................................................................................................................333301 47. FOCUS ON: particles used without sneak out.........................................................331 verbs....................................................................379 brush up............................................................379 42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1335 come in..............................................................380 cut back.............................................................380 get back...........................................................335 move in.............................................................381 get behind........................................................336 move out...........................................................381 get down...........................................................337 pull out..............................................................382 get in.................................................................337 put in.................................................................382 get out..............................................................338 run out...............................................................383 get over............................................................339 get up...............................................................340 48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs...................................387 43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs...................................................344 close down........................................................388 knock out..........................................................388 blow out...........................................................345 look down on.....................................................389 give out.............................................................346 look up to..........................................................389 gross out............................................................346 put back.............................................................389 run up................................................................346 switch off..........................................................390 shut up..............................................................347 throw out...........................................................390 stop off..............................................................347 try on.................................................................347 49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to.......................................................395 44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get dog up...............................................................398 ...............................................................................354 get ahead...........................................................398 get back to.........................................................398 beat up..............................................................355 get on................................................................398 mix up...............................................................356 get to.................................................................399 piss off..............................................................357 hang on..............................................................400 rip off................................................................357 start off..............................................................400 throw away........................................................400 45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn............................................................362 50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it!............................405 turn down..........................................................362 ask out...............................................................405 turn in...............................................................362 come down to....................................................405 turn into............................................................363 deal with............................................................405 turn off..............................................................363 hold on..............................................................406 turn on...............................................................364 pay back............................................................406 turn out..............................................................365 take up on..........................................................406 turn over............................................................366 turn around........................................................406 turn up...............................................................367 wear out............................................................407 46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal Answers.......................................................................414 verbs with the particle into.......................372 build in..............................................................372 Index............................................................................444 bump into..........................................................372 con into.............................................................373 con out of..........................................................373 freak out............................................................373 make for............................................................373 talk into.............................................................373 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the To the Teacher / iv Adverb right I 202 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 To the Student / v 29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217 30. Participle Adjectives Formed 1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223 Verbs / 1 31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233 2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8 32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239 33. Phrasal Verbs and 3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14 Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34. 4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal Pronunciation of Two- and Three- Verbs / 18 Word Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257 5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal 35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 Verbs / 24 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials Verbs / 32 Showing Degrees of Variability / 289 7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long 39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296 Objects / 37 40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307 8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46 41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in 9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an That Require into When Used with an Object Additional Particle When Used with an /314 Object, 1 / 53 42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322 10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61 43. Modals and Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 331 11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 70 44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal Verbs with the Verb get I 340 12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83 45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348 13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91 46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs 14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal with the Particle into / 358 Verbs, 1 / 98 47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364 48. Modals and Present Perfect 15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107 Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 50. Keep at It! / 390 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 Answers to Exercises / 398 19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right Index / 410 I 141 20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 149 21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158 22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I 165 23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 2 / 172 24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180 25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and must / 188 iii TO THE TEACHER The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for. Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook them. Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises. A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly. The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember." The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations. There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook. iv THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill-defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook. The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences. There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves. I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television. TO THE STUDENT Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it. v However, a few phrasal verbs in this textbook are identified as informal, and it is better not to use them in serious, formal speech or writing. But these informal phrasal verbs are important because they are very common in everyday informal speech and writing. Some phrasal verbs are very easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to understand sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal verbs are very idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and particle mean together by knowing what the verb and particle mean separately. For example, every beginning-level student learns what the words call, run, off, and out mean, but that does not help the student to know that call off means cancel or that run out means use all of something. Each section of this textbook starts with a FOCUS, an explanation of something important about phrasal verbs. Then eight phrasal verbs and an explanation of each important meaning of each one are presented along with one or more example sentences for each meaning. Following that are several exercises to help you understand and remember what the phrasal verbs mean and how to use them in a sentence. And like real conversation, questions asked with I or we are answered with you, and questions asked with you are answered with / or we. And because there is a lot to learn in this textbook, there is a lot of review to help you learn it. Every phrasal verb is reviewed at least twice later in the book. The more idiomatic phrasal verbs are reviewed more often, and the more important meanings of phrasal verbs with several meanings are reviewed more often. Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb minus the particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is the particle. particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this book. Many particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles. p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a phrasal verb part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective put on it. When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are incorrect. ... Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the phrasal verb can be placed between the verb and the particle. vi 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable. Separable phrasal verbs Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the particle. Both sentences below are correct: I took my shoes off. I took off my shoes. However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle: I took them off. I took off them. But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb has two objects: She put a blanket on. She put on a blanket. She put a blanket on the bed. She put on a blanket the bed. Nonseparable phrasal verbs Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object: He ran into a tree. He ran a tree into. Throughout this book, phrasal verbs that can be separated have three dots (...) between the verb and the particle. Infinitive_____________________________________________ present tense -ing form past tense past participle come from come from & comes from coming from came from come from 1. come from p.v. When you come from a place, you were born there or lived there previously. When you come from a family or a social situation, your past experience helps to explain your present attitudes and behavior. Mike comes from Alaska, so he's used to cold weather. Jane had a difficult childhood. She came from a broken home. 1 2. come from p.v. When something comes from a source, that is where it originated. The word "admiral" comes from an Arabic word. The mechanic heard a strange sound coming from the engine. Infinitive present tense -ing form past tense past participle figure out figure out & figures out figuring out figured out figured out 1. figure ... out p.v. [the object can be a noun or a noun clause] When you figure out something, such as the answer to a question, the solution to a problem, or why a person is a certain way or acts a certain way, you think about and succeed in understanding it. Joe's so hostile all the time. I can't figure him out. I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn't figure out where I put them. give back give back & gives back giving back gave back given back 1. give ... back (to) p.v. When you return something to someone, you give it back. Can I use your pen? I'll give it back after the test. Timmy, give that toy back to your sister right now! look for look for & looks for looking for looked for looked for 1. look for p.v. When you look for things or people, you try to find them. / looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you. Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking for 303 Main St. put on put on & puts on putting on put on put on 1. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to your body, you put it on. I put on my new dress before going to the party. Eric forgot to put suntan lotion on, and now he's as red as a lobster. 2. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to another surface, you put it on. I put the book on the table. Jerry put too much fertilizer on his lawn, and now he has to cut it twice a week. Comment [S1]: n. (area of grass) газон; lawn tennis теннис. 3. put... on p.v. When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on. The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year. I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me. 4. put... on p.v. When you put on weight, you gain weight.

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THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Contents...........................................................................4 7. FOCUS ON: separable phrasal verbs with long objects......................................................................46 TO THE TEACHER......................................................6 chuotl du pup..................................................................................................................................4467 let out..................................................................47 TO THE STUDENT.......................................................7 point out..............................................................48 run over...............................................................48 see about.............................................................49 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal take in..................................................................49 verbs..........................................................................9 come from.............................................................9 8. FOCUS ON: present perfect phrasal verbs.............56 figure out............................................................10 burn out...............................................................56 give back.............................................................10 fall over...............................................................57 look for...............................................................10 fight back............................................................57 put on..................................................................10 hear of.................................................................58 run into................................................................11 pick out...............................................................58 show up...............................................................11 tear down.............................................................58 take off................................................................12 work in................................................................59 2. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and do, does, and did...16 9. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require an come off..............................................................17 additional particle when used with an object, 1...63 doze off...............................................................19 break out.............................................................64 fall for.................................................................19 catch up...............................................................64 give in.................................................................19 chicken out..........................................................65 hear about...........................................................19 get along..............................................................65 pull through.........................................................19 give up................................................................65 stay off................................................................20 hang up................................................................65 throw up..............................................................20 hook up...............................................................66 work up...............................................................66 3. FOCUS ON: three-word phrasal verbs...................23 feel up to.............................................................23 10. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 1.........71 get over with.......................................................23 fall off.................................................................71 go along with......................................................23 kick back.............................................................74 go in for..............................................................24 lay off..................................................................74 look forward to...................................................24 screw up..............................................................75 put up with..........................................................24 screw out of........................................................24 talk down to........................................................24 11. FnOouCnUsS.. .O...N...:.. p...h..r..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .u..s..e..d.. .i.n.. .c..o..m...p..o..u..n...d.. .....80 4. FOCUS ON: present and past continuous phrasal backup.................................................................81 verbs........................................................................27 cut off..................................................................82 drop off...............................................................83 cheat on...............................................................27 follow up.............................................................84 go after................................................................27 take out................................................................84 look up................................................................28 try out..................................................................85 pay for.................................................................28 wake up...............................................................86 plan for................................................................29 work out..............................................................86 point to................................................................29 pwurta pto u..p................................................................................................................................2390 12. FOCUS ON: past perfect phrasal verbs................93 back off...............................................................93 5. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of two-word phrasal come across.........................................................94 verbs........................................................................33 come up...............................................................94 fall through.........................................................95 break down.........................................................33 put out.................................................................95 burn down...........................................................35 cfianldl ionu.t.................................................................................................................................3355 13. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 1..................100 hand back............................................................35 call off...............................................................100 look at.................................................................36 dose off.............................................................100 setup....................................................................36 hand in..............................................................101 let off.................................................................102 6. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of three-word phrasal light up..............................................................102 verbs........................................................................41 track down.........................................................103 boil down to........................................................41 ccoommee udopw wni twhi.t.h......................................................................................................4421 14. FpOhrCaUsaSl vOeNrb: sp, a1r.t..i.c..i.p..l.e.. .a..d..j.e..c..t.i.v..e..s. .f.o..r..m...e..d.. .f..r.o..m.... .107 get around to.......................................................42 butt in................................................................109 get out of.............................................................42 dress up.............................................................109 go back on...........................................................42 dry up................................................................109 go through with...................................................43 fill out................................................................110 monkey around with...........................................43 put away............................................................110 stick up..............................................................110 zip up................................................................171 use up................................................................111 22. FOCUS ON: the particle up and the adverbs right 15. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and will or be going to and all....................................................................175 ...............................................................................117 burn up..............................................................177 blow away.........................................................118 clear up..............................................................177 come through....................................................118 count up............................................................178 dry out...............................................................119 eat up.................................................................178 fix up.................................................................119 heat up...............................................................178 go with..............................................................120 pay up................................................................178 head back..........................................................121 plug up..............................................................179 tell on................................................................122 wipe up..............................................................179 16. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with gerund objects, 1 23. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs that require ...............................................................................126 an additional particle when used with an object, 2 believe in..........................................................126 ...............................................................................183 carry on.............................................................127 crack down........................................................183 count on............................................................127 cut down............................................................183 get through........................................................128 drop out.............................................................185 go for................................................................129 get away............................................................185 hold off.............................................................129 hold out.............................................................186 put past..............................................................129 make up.............................................................186 think about........................................................130 stay out..............................................................188 watch out...........................................................188 17. FOCUS ON: adverbs and phrasal verbs.............135 come over.........................................................136 24. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 2.......192 get back at.........................................................136 come down........................................................192 go about............................................................137 Let up................................................................193 grow out of........................................................137 print out.............................................................193 rip up.................................................................137 show off............................................................194 wear down.........................................................138 slow down.........................................................194 stop over............................................................195 18. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and can, could, will, and trade in..............................................................195 would.....................................................................143 bfirgeuarket horno.u..g..h............................................................................................................114444 25. FaOndC mUuSs Ot.N...:.. p...h..r..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .a..n..d... .h..a..v.e.. .t.o..,. .h...a..v.e.. .g..o..t2 t0o0, get off...............................................................145 do with..............................................................201 go beyond.........................................................146 have on..............................................................201 lift upon............................................................146 hurry up.............................................................202 line up...............................................................146 knock over.........................................................202 stand around......................................................147 lighten up..........................................................202 tell apart............................................................147 plan ahead.........................................................202 settle for............................................................203 19. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb right151 think up.............................................................203 abirmin ga tb.a..c..k....................................................................................................................115512 26. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and the adverb back206 bring over..........................................................152 get together.......................................................206 cool off..............................................................152 go over..............................................................207 go back..............................................................153 go up.................................................................208 hand over..........................................................153 let in on.............................................................208 pull over............................................................153 open up..............................................................209 warm up............................................................154 put together.......................................................209 shut off..............................................................209 20. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs followed by the -ing start up..............................................................210 form.......................................................................159 egnod a ruopu.n..d......................................................................................................................115599 27. FthOeC aUdvSe OrbN r:i gphhtr..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .w...i.t..h.. .t.h..e.. .p..a..r..t.i.c..l.e.. .o..f.f. .a2n1d4 Go off...............................................................161 bite off...............................................................215 hang around......................................................162 break off............................................................215 lie around..........................................................163 dry off...............................................................215 start out.............................................................163 knock off...........................................................216 stay up...............................................................163 tear off...............................................................216 wash off............................................................216 21. F..O...C...U..S... .O...N..:.. .p..h..r..a..s.a..l. .v..e..r..b..s. .a..n...d.. .s.h..o..u...l.d.. .a..n..d.. .o..u..g..h.1t 6to8 wwiepaer ooffff..........................................................................................................................221177 llooookk oarvoeurn..d................................................................................................................116699 28. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 2..................222 pick on..............................................................169 beef up..............................................................222 settle down........................................................170 break up............................................................222 step on...............................................................170 call back............................................................223 take out on........................................................170 call up................................................................223 think ahead........................................................171 carry out............................................................223 give away..........................................................224 live with............................................................279 mess up.............................................................224 make of.............................................................280 stand up.............................................................225 narrow down.....................................................280 trick into............................................................280 29. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and might, may, and can ...............................................................................229 36. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle down ask for...............................................................229 ...............................................................................284 come apart.........................................................230 back down.........................................................284 drop in...............................................................230 calm down.........................................................285 flip out..............................................................230 fall down...........................................................285 look out.............................................................230 go down............................................................285 luck out.............................................................230 lay down............................................................286 make out...........................................................231 put down...........................................................286 run across..........................................................231 run down...........................................................287 sit down.............................................................288 30. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives formed from phrasal verbs, 2.....................................................235 37. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs used as nouns, 3.......293 lock in...............................................................236 brush off............................................................293 Lock out............................................................236 come on.............................................................294 punch in............................................................237 cover up............................................................295 put out...............................................................237 hang out............................................................295 sort out..............................................................238 leave over left over............................................295 space out...........................................................239 Let down...........................................................296 wash up.............................................................239 talk to................................................................297 31. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and gerund subjects245 38. FOCUS ON: the verb keep and adverbs and care for..............................................................245 adverbials showing degrees of variability...........302 cut out...............................................................246 keep at...............................................................303 do away with.....................................................246 keep away.........................................................303 do without.........................................................247 keep down.........................................................303 look into............................................................247 keep from..........................................................304 plan on..............................................................247 keep off.............................................................304 put off...............................................................247 keep on..............................................................304 rule out..............................................................248 keep to...............................................................305 keep up..............................................................305 32. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the particle out251 clean out............................................................252 39. FOCUS ON: passive phrasal verbs, 3..................309 clear out............................................................253 chop up..............................................................310 come out...........................................................253 cross off............................................................310 empty out..........................................................255 fill up.................................................................310 fall out...............................................................255 pick up..............................................................311 go out................................................................255 sell out...............................................................312 leave out............................................................256 straighten out.....................................................313 stick out............................................................256 take over............................................................313 wipe out............................................................314 33. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs and midsentence adverbs..................................................................262 40. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs vs. phrasal blow up.............................................................264 verbs followed by the -ing form...........................320 catch on.............................................................264 come about........................................................265 -ing form..............................................................320 fall behind.........................................................265 goof around.......................................................265 gerund..................................................................320 help out.............................................................266 blow off.............................................................320 know about.......................................................266 burst out............................................................321 pull off..............................................................266 come back.........................................................321 get off on...........................................................322 go away.............................................................322 34. FpOhrCaUsaSl vOeNrb: sp, r2o..n..u..n..c..i.a..t.i.o..n.. .o..f.. .t.w...o..-.a..n..d.. .t..h..r..e.e..-.w...o.2rd70 run around.........................................................322 do over..............................................................270 The cat ran around the room chasing the float around.......................................................271 mouse.............................................................322 lead up to..........................................................271 put up to............................................................271 The children were running around the stand for............................................................271 museum, and the guard told them to sstattiikccekk batoarco.k.u...n....d.......................................................................................................................................................................222777232 sstticokp w..i.t.h........................................................................................................................332223 35. FOCUS ON: gerund phrasal verbs......................277 41. FOCUS ON: two-word phrasal verbs with the particle in that require into fgooo bl yar..o.u..n..d..................................................................................................................227788 when used with an object...........................327 hold against.......................................................279 break in.............................................................328 leave behind......................................................279 Check out..........................................................329 go in.................................................................330 talk out of..........................................................374 let in..................................................................330 psnluega ikn i.n........................................................................................................................333301 47. FOCUS ON: particles used without sneak out.........................................................331 verbs....................................................................379 brush up............................................................379 42. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with get, 1335 come in..............................................................380 cut back.............................................................380 get back...........................................................335 move in.............................................................381 get behind........................................................336 move out...........................................................381 get down...........................................................337 pull out..............................................................382 get in.................................................................337 put in.................................................................382 get out..............................................................338 run out...............................................................383 get over............................................................339 get up...............................................................340 48. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect passive phrasal verbs...................................387 43. FOCUS ON: modals and present perfect phrasal verbs...................................................344 close down........................................................388 knock out..........................................................388 blow out...........................................................345 look down on.....................................................389 give out.............................................................346 look up to..........................................................389 gross out............................................................346 put back.............................................................389 run up................................................................346 switch off..........................................................390 shut up..............................................................347 throw out...........................................................390 stop off..............................................................347 try on.................................................................347 49. FOCUS ON: combinations of get, right, back, and to.......................................................395 44. FOCUS ON: participle adjectives and passive phrasal verbs with the verb get dog up...............................................................398 ...............................................................................354 get ahead...........................................................398 get back to.........................................................398 beat up..............................................................355 get on................................................................398 mix up...............................................................356 get to.................................................................399 piss off..............................................................357 hang on..............................................................400 rip off................................................................357 start off..............................................................400 throw away........................................................400 45. FOCUS ON: phrasal verbs with the verb turn............................................................362 50. FOCUS ON: Keep at it!............................405 turn down..........................................................362 ask out...............................................................405 turn in...............................................................362 come down to....................................................405 turn into............................................................363 deal with............................................................405 turn off..............................................................363 hold on..............................................................406 turn on...............................................................364 pay back............................................................406 turn out..............................................................365 take up on..........................................................406 turn over............................................................366 turn around........................................................406 turn up...............................................................367 wear out............................................................407 46. FOCUS ON: pronunciation of phrasal Answers.......................................................................414 verbs with the particle into.......................372 build in..............................................................372 Index............................................................................444 bump into..........................................................372 con into.............................................................373 con out of..........................................................373 freak out............................................................373 make for............................................................373 talk into.............................................................373 Contents TABLE OF CONTENTS 26. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb bade / 194 27. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle off and the To the Teacher / iv Adverb right I 202 28. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 210 To the Student / v 29. Phrasal Verbs and might, may, and can /217 30. Participle Adjectives Formed 1. Separable and Nonseparable Phrasal from Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 223 Verbs / 1 31. Phrasal Verbs and Gerund Subjects / 233 2. Phrasal Verbs and do, does, and did / 8 32. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle our / 239 33. Phrasal Verbs and 3. Three-Word Phrasal Verbs / 14 Midsentence Adverbs / 250 34. 4. Present and Past Continuous Phrasal Pronunciation of Two- and Three- Verbs / 18 Word Phrasal Verbs, 2 / 257 5. Pronunciation of Two-Word Phrasal 35. Gerund Phrasal Verbs / 264 Verbs / 24 36. Phrasal Verbs with the Particle down / 271 37. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 3 / 280 6. Pronunciation of Three-Word Phrasal 38. The Verb keep and Adverbs and Adverbials Verbs / 32 Showing Degrees of Variability / 289 7. Separable Phrasal Verbs with Long 39. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 3 / 296 Objects / 37 40. Gerund Phrasal Verbs vs. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 307 8. Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 46 41. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs with the Particle in 9. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an That Require into When Used with an Object Additional Particle When Used with an /314 Object, 1 / 53 42. Phrasal Verbs with get, 1 / 322 10. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 1 / 61 43. Modals and Present Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 331 11. Phrasal Verbs Used in Compound Nouns / 70 44. Participle Adjectives and Passive Phrasal Verbs with the Verb get I 340 12. Past Perfect Phrasal Verbs / 83 45. Phrasal Verbs with the Verb rum / 348 13. Passive Phrasal Verbs, 1 / 91 46. Pronunciation of Phrasal Verbs 14. Participle Adjectives Formed from Phrasal with the Particle into / 358 Verbs, 1 / 98 47. Particles Used Without Verbs / 364 48. Modals and Present Perfect 15. Phrasal Verbs and will or be going to /107 Passive Phrasal Verbs / 372 16. Phrasal Verbs with Gerund Objects, 1 / 116 49. Combinations of get, right, back, and tо / 380 17. Adverbs and Phrasal Verbs / 125 50. Keep at It! / 390 18. Phrasal Verbs and can, could, will, and would / 133 Answers to Exercises / 398 19. Phrasal Verbs and the Adverb right Index / 410 I 141 20. Phrasal Verbs Followed by the -ing Form / 149 21. Phrasal Verbs and should and ought to 158 22. The Particle up and the Adverbs right and all I 165 23. Two-Word Phrasal Verbs That Require an Additional Particle When Used with an Object, 2 / 172 24. Phrasal Verbs Used as Nouns, 2 / 180 25. Phrasal Verbs and have to, have got to, and must / 188 iii TO THE TEACHER The inspiration for The Ultimate Phrasal Verb Book came about when a student asked me for a textbook to help her learn the meanings of common phrasal verbs. I had nothing to offer. The only textbook focusing on common verbs that I could give her contains not one phrasal verb — it teaches arise but not get up, awake but not wake up, seek but not look for. Phrasal verbs are verbs, not idiomatic curiosities. There is no logic to classifying take over with take the bull by the horns. Phrasal verbs are an essential part of spoken and written English at all levels, and no student who hopes to master the language can afford to overlook them. Although this textbook is intended primarily for high-intermediate to advanced students, ambitious students at lower levels will benefit from it as well. Only some FOCUS sections may prove to be a little beyond them; otherwise, there is nothing to prevent any student from studying the definitions and examples and attempting the exercises. A vocabulary textbook should provide mechanics as well as meaning. Students want to know more than what a word means — they want to know how to use it correctly. The importance of mechanics is the reason for the emphasis on the prepositions required when some phrasal verbs are used transitively and for the inclusion of reviews of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs. Prepositions are the glue that holds English together, but many students falter when using newly learned verbs because they do not know that a preposition is also required, or if they do, which one. This aspect of English is not given the attention it deserves because it is difficult to teach — there are no rules that govern when a preposition, or which preposition, is required, and no teacher likes to say "You just have to remember." The hope of the latter feature, the discussion of points of grammar not specific to phrasal verbs, is that combining practice with phrasal verbs and practice with a variety of grammatical structures will increase not only the student's confidence in the knowledge of phrasal verbs but also his or her willingness and ability to use them in a wider range of situations. There is inevitably a degree of oversimplification. That phrasal verb particles are sometimes prepositions and sometimes adverbs is mentioned only once. No purpose is served by differentiating between them, and the overlap between the two is confusing to the student. Phrasal verbs are not identified as transitive or intransitive because this is dictated by logic. Less common meanings of some phrasal verbs have not been included. Adverb placement is presented and illustrated in simplified form without discussion of the different types of adverbs — doing so would have gone beyond the scope of this textbook. iv THE ULTIMATE PHRASAL VERB BOOK Student And no differentiation is made between recognized adjectives derived from past participles and past participles with adjectival meaning. The adjectival use of past participles (both phrasal and nonphrasal) is an extremely important aspect of spoken English — something every student of English should be familiar with — yet the dividing line between true adjectives derived from past participles and passive sentences employing past participles with adjectival meanings is ill-defined and problematic. Native speakers of English regularly use past participles in superficially passive sentences with purely adjectival meaning. Whether the past participles are verbs or actually adjectives is of no concern to the native speaker and is entirely irrelevant to the student of English. Rather than distract the student with an unnecessary element of confusion, both are referred to as participle adjectives throughout this textbook. The exercises in this textbook are intended to reinforce meaning and mechanics. A cloze exercise always comes first, followed by exercises focusing on sentence structure and the FOCUS discussion. Last are exercises that ask the student to answer questions or write original sentences. There is a good deal of review built into this textbook. Every section contains two or more exercises requiring the student to refer back to a previous section in order to review a phrasal verb, participle adjective, or noun. When a phrasal verb has two or more meanings, it is intentional that no help is provided to the student in determining which meaning applies; students have to review them all and figure it out for themselves. I have tried in this textbook to imitate the form and content of everyday English. If occasionally the register and subject matter of some examples and exercises seem not quite right for formal discourse, that is deliberate. Students need to learn formal English, of course, but since most people speak informally most of the time, students need to gain familiarity with the syntax, usage, and content of the informal English they read and hear every day at work, at school, at home, and on television. TO THE STUDENT Phrasal verbs are combinations of ordinary verbs like put, take, come, and go and particles like in, out, on, and off. They are a very important part of everyday English. Every student of English needs a basic understanding of the most common phrasal verbs and also of common nouns and adjectives made from phrasal verbs. Most phrasal verbs are nor informal, slang, or improper for educated speech or formal writing. Exactly the opposite is true — most phrasal verbs are acceptable at all levels of spoken or written English. In fact, for many of the phrasal verbs in this textbook, there is no alternative to the phrasal verb — there is no other way to say it. v However, a few phrasal verbs in this textbook are identified as informal, and it is better not to use them in serious, formal speech or writing. But these informal phrasal verbs are important because they are very common in everyday informal speech and writing. Some phrasal verbs are very easy to understand. For example, it is not difficult to understand sit down or come in because their meanings are obvious. But many phrasal verbs are very idiomatic. Idiomatic means that there is no way to know what the verb and particle mean together by knowing what the verb and particle mean separately. For example, every beginning-level student learns what the words call, run, off, and out mean, but that does not help the student to know that call off means cancel or that run out means use all of something. Each section of this textbook starts with a FOCUS, an explanation of something important about phrasal verbs. Then eight phrasal verbs and an explanation of each important meaning of each one are presented along with one or more example sentences for each meaning. Following that are several exercises to help you understand and remember what the phrasal verbs mean and how to use them in a sentence. And like real conversation, questions asked with I or we are answered with you, and questions asked with you are answered with / or we. And because there is a lot to learn in this textbook, there is a lot of review to help you learn it. Every phrasal verb is reviewed at least twice later in the book. The more idiomatic phrasal verbs are reviewed more often, and the more important meanings of phrasal verbs with several meanings are reviewed more often. Terms, Abbreviations, and Symbols Used in this Textbook verb Verb refers to the verb part of a phrasal verb. In other words, the phrasal verb minus the particle. In the phrasal verb pull over, pull is the verb and over is the particle. particle The adverbs and prepositions in phrasal verbs are both called particles in this book. Many particles are adverbs and prepositions, and it can be very difficult and confusing to figure out if a particle in a particular phrasal verb is one or the other. Fortunately, this is almost never important to the student, so it is a lot easier to simply call them both particles. p.v. phrasal verb n. a noun made from a phrasal verb part.adj. participle adjective — a past participle of a phrasal verb used as an adjective put on it. When words or sentences have a line through them, it means that they are incorrect. ... Three dots between the verb and the particle mean that the object of the phrasal verb can be placed between the verb and the particle. vi 1. FOCUS ON: separable and nonseparable phrasal verbs Phrasal verbs are either separable or nonseparable. Unfortunately, there is no rule that will help you to look at a phrasal verb and always know whether it is separable or nonseparable. Separable phrasal verbs Separable phrasal verbs can be separated by their object. When the object is a noun, it is usually entirely optional whether the object is placed between the verb and the particle or placed after the particle. Both sentences below are correct: I took my shoes off. I took off my shoes. However, when a pronoun is used instead of a noun, the pronoun must be placed between the verb and the particle: I took them off. I took off them. But in one type of sentence, separable phrasal verbs must be separated — when the phrasal verb has two objects: She put a blanket on. She put on a blanket. She put a blanket on the bed. She put on a blanket the bed. Nonseparable phrasal verbs Nonseparable phrasal verbs cannot be separated by their object: He ran into a tree. He ran a tree into. Throughout this book, phrasal verbs that can be separated have three dots (...) between the verb and the particle. Infinitive_____________________________________________ present tense -ing form past tense past participle come from come from & comes from coming from came from come from 1. come from p.v. When you come from a place, you were born there or lived there previously. When you come from a family or a social situation, your past experience helps to explain your present attitudes and behavior. Mike comes from Alaska, so he's used to cold weather. Jane had a difficult childhood. She came from a broken home. 1 2. come from p.v. When something comes from a source, that is where it originated. The word "admiral" comes from an Arabic word. The mechanic heard a strange sound coming from the engine. Infinitive present tense -ing form past tense past participle figure out figure out & figures out figuring out figured out figured out 1. figure ... out p.v. [the object can be a noun or a noun clause] When you figure out something, such as the answer to a question, the solution to a problem, or why a person is a certain way or acts a certain way, you think about and succeed in understanding it. Joe's so hostile all the time. I can't figure him out. I looked everywhere for my keys, but I couldn't figure out where I put them. give back give back & gives back giving back gave back given back 1. give ... back (to) p.v. When you return something to someone, you give it back. Can I use your pen? I'll give it back after the test. Timmy, give that toy back to your sister right now! look for look for & looks for looking for looked for looked for 1. look for p.v. When you look for things or people, you try to find them. / looked for you at the party, but I didn't see you. Excuse me, can you help me? I'm looking for 303 Main St. put on put on & puts on putting on put on put on 1. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to your body, you put it on. I put on my new dress before going to the party. Eric forgot to put suntan lotion on, and now he's as red as a lobster. 2. put... on p.v. When you place something on or apply something to another surface, you put it on. I put the book on the table. Jerry put too much fertilizer on his lawn, and now he has to cut it twice a week. Comment [S1]: n. (area of grass) газон; lawn tennis теннис. 3. put... on p.v. When you attach or affix something to another thing, you put it on. The Wilson’s put a new roof on their house last year. I told the tailor to put red buttons on the dress he's making for me. 4. put... on p.v. When you put on weight, you gain weight.

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