The Truth About Eating Disorders PDF
Preview The Truth About Eating Disorders
THE TRUTH ABOUT EATING DISORDERS MARK J. KITTLESON, PH.D. Southern Illinois University General Editor WILLIAM KANE, PH.D. University of New Mexico Adviser RICHELLE RENNEGARBE, PH.D. McKendree College Adviser Gerri Freid Kramer Principal Author The Truth About Eating Disorders Copyright ©2005 by BOOK BUILDERSLLC All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or by any information storage or retrieval systems, without permission in writing from the publisher. For information contact: Facts On File, Inc. 132 West 31st Street New York NY 10001 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The truth about eating disorders / Mark J. Kittleson, general editor; William Kane, adviser; Richelle Rennegarbe, adviser; Gerri Freid Kramer, principal author. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 0-8160-5300-6 (hc: alk. paper) 1. Eating disorders—Popular works. I. Kramer, Gerri Field. II. Kittleson, Mark J., 1952– RC553.E18T78 2004 616.85′26—dc22 2004006389 Facts On File books are available at special discounts when purchased in bulk quan- tities for businesses, associations, institutions, or sales promotions. Please call our Special Sales Department in New York at (212) 967-8800 or (800) 322-8755. You can find Facts On File on the World Wide Web at http://www.factsonfile.com Text design by David Strelecky Cover design by Cathy Rincon Graphs by Sholto Ainslie, Patricia Meschino Printed in the United States of America MP Hermitage 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 This book is printed on acid-free paper. CONTENTS List of Illustrations v Preface vii How to Use This Book ix Normal Behaviors and Eating Disorders 1 A to Z Entries 13 Anorexia 15 Bulimia 21 Caloric Intake and Expenditures 27 Depression and Weight 31 Diet Pills 38 Eating Disorders, Causes of 42 Eating Disorders, Symptoms and Diagnosis of 52 Eating Disorders in Men and Boys 61 Exercise 65 Fad Diets 72 Food Allergies 80 Laxative Abuse 84 Media and Eating Disorders 88 Morbidity and Mortality 96 Nutrition and Nutritional Deficiencies 100 Obesity 108 Peer Pressure 116 Purging 120 Self-Image 124 Treatment 129 Weight Control 139 Women and Eating Disorders 142 Hotlines and Help Sites 147 Glossary 151 Index 161 LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS How High School Students Tried to Lose or Avoid Gaining Weight 22 Comparing the Average Model to the Average American Woman 46 High School Students and Depression 54 High School Student Participation in Physical Activity 66 Where Americans Get Nutrition Information 77 Comparing American Females to their TV Counterparts 90 How Many Young People Are Overweight? 101 How High School Students Eat 102 The Food Guide Pyramid 105 The Body Mass Index 111 Students Trying To Lose Weight 114 The Effectiveness of Treatment for Eating Disorders 137 v PREFACE In developing this series, The Truth About, we have taken time to review some of the most pressing problems facing our youth today. Issues such as alcohol and drug abuse, depression, family problems, sexual activity, and eating disorders are at the top of a list of grow- ing concerns. It is the intent of these books to provide vital facts while also dispelling myths about these terribly important and all- too-common situations. These are authoritative resources that kids can turn to in order to get an accurate answer to a specific question or to research the history of a problem, giving them access to the most current related data available. It is also a reference for parents, teachers, counselors, and others who work with youth and require detailed information. Let’s take a brief look at the issues associated with each of those topics. Alcohol and drug use and abuse continue to be a national concern. Today’s young people often use drugs to avoid the extraor- dinary pressures of today. In doing so they are losing their ability to learn how to cope effectively. Without the internal resources to cope with pressure, adolescents turn increasingly back to addictive behav- iors. As a result, the problems and solutions are interrelated. Also, the speed with which the family structure is changing often leaves kids with no outlet for stress and no access to support mechanisms. In addition, a world of youth faces the toughest years of their lives, dealing with the strong physiological urges that accompany sexual desire. Only when young people are presented the facts honestly, with- out indoctrination, are they likely to connect risk taking with certain vii viii The Truth About Eating Disorders behaviors. This reference set relies on knowledge as the most impor- tant tool in research and education. Finally, one of the most puzzling issues of our times is that of eating disorders. Paradoxically, while our youth are obsessed with thinness and beauty, and go to extremes to try to meet perceived societal expecta- tions, they are also increasingly plagued by obesity. Here too separat- ing the facts from fiction is an important tool in research and learning. As much as possible, The Truth About presents the facts through honest discussions and reports of the most up-to-date research. Knowing the facts associated with health-related questions and prob- lems will help young people make informed decisions in school and throughout life. Mark J. Kittleson General Editor HOW TO USE THIS BOOK NOTE TO STUDENTS Knowledge is power. By possessing knowledge you have the ability to make decisions, ask follow-up questions, or know where to go to obtain more information. In the world of health that is power! That is the purpose of this book—to provide you the power you need to obtain unbiased, accurate information and The Truth About Eating Disorders. Topics in each volume of The Truth About are arranged in alpha- betical order, from A to Z. Each of these entries defines its topic and explains in detail the particular issue. At the end of most entries are cross-references to related topics. A list of all topics by letter can be found in the table of contents or at the back of the book in the index. How have these books been compiled? First, the publisher worked with me to identify some of the country’s leading authorities on key issues in health education. These individuals were asked to identify some of the major concerns that young people have about such top- ics. The writers read the literature, spoke with health experts, and incorporated their own life and professional experiences to pull together the most up-to-date information on health issues, particularly those of interest to adolescents and of concern in Healthy People 2010. Throughout the alphabetical entries, the reader will find sidebars that separate fact from fiction. There are question-and-answer boxes that attempt to address the most common questions that youth ask about sensitive topics. In addition, readers will find a special feature called “Teens Speak”—case studies of teens with personal stories related to the topic in hand. ix
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