The Triumph of the Dark: European International History, 1933-1939 (Oxford History of Modern Europe) PDF
Preview The Triumph of the Dark: European International History, 1933-1939 (Oxford History of Modern Europe)
OXFORD HISTORY OF MODERN EUROPE General Editors LORD BULLOCK and SIRWILLIAM DEAKIN Oxford History of Modern Europe THE LIGHTS THAT FAILED EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL HISTORY 1919–1933 zara steiner IRELAND THE POLITICS OF ENMITY 1789–2006 paul bew BULGARIA r. j. crampton A PEOPLE APART A POLITICAL HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN EUROPE 1789–1939 david vital THE RUSSIAN EMPIRE 1801–1917 hugh seton-watson THE STRUGGLE FOR MASTERY IN EUROPE 1848–1918 a. j. p. taylor THE TRANSFORMATION OF EUROPEAN POLITICS 1763–1848 paul w. schroeder THE LOW COUNTRIES 1780–1940 e. h. crossman GERMANY 1866–1945 gordon a. craig T H E T R I U M P H O F THE DARK EUROPEAN INTERNATIONAL HISTORY 1933–1939 ZARA STEINER 1 3 GreatClarendonStreet,Oxfordox26dp OxfordUniversityPressisadepartmentoftheUniversityofOxford. ItfurtherstheUniversity’sobjectiveofexcellenceinresearch,scholarship, andeducationbypublishingworldwidein OxfordNewYork Auckland CapeTown DaresSalaam HongKong Karachi KualaLumpur Madrid Melbourne MexicoCity Nairobi NewDelhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto Withofficesin Argentina Austria Brazil Chile CzechRepublic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan SouthKorea Poland Portugal Singapore Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam PublishedintheUnitedStates byOxfordUniversityPressInc.,NewYork qZaraSteiner2011 Themoralrightsoftheauthorhavebeenasserted DatabaserightOxfordUniversityPress(maker) Firstpublished2011 Allrightsreserved.Nopartofthispublicationmaybereproduced, storedinaretrievalsystem,ortransmitted,inanyformorbyanymeans, withoutthepriorpermissioninwritingofOxfordUniversityPress, orasexpresslypermittedbylaw,orundertermsagreedwiththeappropriate reprographicsrightsorganization.Enquiriesconcerningreproduction outsidethescopeoftheaboveshouldbesenttotheRightsDepartment, OxfordUniversityPress,attheaddressabove Youmustnotcirculatethisbookinanyotherbindingorcover andyoumustimposethissameconditiononanyacquirer BritishLibraryCataloguinginPublicationData Dataavailable LibraryofCongressCataloginginPublicationData LibraryofCongressControlNumber:2010935056 TypesetbySPIPublisherServices,Pondicherry,India PrintedinGreatBritain onacid-freepaperby ClaysLtd,StIvesplc ISBN 978–0–19–921200–2 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 To George — the alpha and omega This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS ListofMaps ix ListofTables x ListofAbbreviations xii Prologue 1 Part I. Retreat from Internationalism, 1933–1938 1. BrownDawn:TheRiseofHitlerandtheDeathof Disarmament,1933–1934 9 2. UncertainEmbraces:TheEuropeanPowersand NaziGermany,1934–1935 62 3. TheAssaultonVersaillesandLocarno:Ethiopiaandthe RemilitarizationoftheRhineland 100 4. TheRemnantsofInternationalism,1936–1938 167 5. TheSpanishCockpit,1936–1937 181 6. ‘LoadedPause’:RearmamentandAppeasement,1936–1937 252 7. IllusionsofNeutrality:EasternEurope,1936–1938 359 8. WhithertheSovietUnion?MoscowandtheWest,1936–1938 414 9. ThunderfromtheEast:TheSino-JapaneseConflictand theEuropeanPowers,1933–1938 474 10. HitlerMoves:AustriaandCzechoslovakia,1938 552 11. TheMunichSettlement 610 Part II. The Road to Hitler’s War, 1938–1939 12. TheFogofPeace:StrategicChoicesafterMunich 671 13. BlackSun:AggressionandDeterrence 727 14. DarkeningSkies:PeaceTalkingandWarPlanningin BritainandFrance 765 15. UnleashingtheDogsofWar 832 16. RedClouds:TheSovietUnionandtheNazi–SovietPact,1939 867 viii CONTENTS 17. EscapefromWarorPersecution?TheSmallerPowersand theJews 923 18. TheNightmareoftheDark:TheDecisionsforWar 995 Conclusion 1036 Epilogue 1058 Appendices 1068 A. StatisticalTables 1068 B. PrimeMinistersandForeignMinistersofSelectedEuropeanPowers 1073 C. ChronologyofInternationalEvents,1933–1941 1077 GeneralBibliography 1082 Index 1117 LIST OF MAPS 1. Germany:TerritorialAcquisitionsandFrontierChanges 1935–March1939 11 2. Hoare–LavalProposals,1935 BasedonmapfromMartinGilbert,RecentHistoryAtlas, 1860–1960(London,1977),51 124 3. TheRhinelandDemilitarisedZone1935 143 4. SpainduringtheSpanishCivilWar 182 5. EasternEurope,1933–1938 361 6. EastAsia1931–1939 475 7. PotentialSovietAerialSupportforCzechoslovakia, September1938 BasedonmapprovidedbyCol.DavidM.Glantz(ret.) 620 8. SovietMilitaryMobilization,September1938 BasedonmapprovidedbyCol.DavidM.Glantz(ret.) 621 9. TheDismembermentofCzechoslovakia,1938–1939 688 10. TheBritishEmpireinthe1930s 796 11. TheFrenchEmpireinthe1930s BasedonmapfromRobertAldrich,GreaterFrance: AHistoryofOverseasExpansion(Basingstoke,1996) 797 12. DistributionofBritishTroops,1January1938 BasedonmapfromBrianBond,BritishMilitary PolicybetweentheTwoWorldWars(Oxford,1980) 801 13. TheFreeCityofDanzig,1919–1939 840 14. TheNazi–SovietPact,23August1939 BasedonmapfromMartinGilbert, RecentHistoryAtlas,1860–1960(London,1977),62 911 15. EuropeontheEveofWar,1939 AdaptedfromMichaelJabaraCarley,1939: TheAlliancethatNeverWasandtheComingof WorldWarII(Chicago,1999) 994
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