The triumph of narrative : storytelling in the age of mass culture

101 Pages·2011·0.64 MB·English

by  Fulford

The Massey Lectures Series
The Massey Lectures are co-sponsored by Massey College, in the University of
Toronto, and CBC Radio. The series was created in honour of the Right
Honourable Vincent Massey, former governor general of Canada, and was
inaugurated in 1961 to enable distinguished authorities to communicate the
results of original study on subjects of contemporary interest.
This book comprises the 1999 Massey Lectures, “The Triumph of Narrative,”
broadcast in November 1999 as part of CBC Radio’s Ideas series. The producer
of the series was Richard Handler; the executive producer was Bernie Lucht.
Robert Fulford
Robert Fulford has been hailed as “the foremost cultural journalist” in Canada.
He has been a journalist since he left high school in 1950 to work as a junior
sports writer at the Globe and Mail. He was editor of Saturday Night magazine
for nineteen years and he currently writes a weekly column for the Globe and
Mail on ideas and a monthly column on media in Toronto Life.
He has received honorary degrees from five universities and is an honorary
fellow of the Ontario College of Art and Design, a fellow of Massey College,
and an officer of the Order of Canada.
ALSO BY ROBERT FULFORD
Accidental City: The Transformation of Toronto
Best Seat in the House
Crisis at the Victory Burlesk: Culture, Politics, and
Other Diversions
Marshall Delaney at the Movies: The Contemporary
World as Seen on Film
This Was Expo
Toronto Discovered
THE TRIUMPH OF NARRATIVE
ROBERT FULFORD
Copyright © 1999 by Robert Fulford and the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation All rights reserved. No
part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or
mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without
permission in writing from the publisher.
Published in 1999 by
House of Anansi Press Limited
34 Lesmill Road
Toronto, ON M3B 2T6
Tel.[phone]
Fax [phone]
www.anansi.ca
Distributed in Canada by
General Distribution Services Inc.
325 Humber College Blvd.
Etobicoke, ON M9W 7C3
Tel. [phone]
Fax [phone]
Email Customer. Service®ccmailgw.genpub.com CBC logo used by permission 03 02 01 00 99 2 3 4 5
CANADIAN CATALOGUING IN PUBLICATION DATA Fulford, Robert, 1932– The triumph of
narrative: storytelling in the age of mass culture (CBC Massey lectures series) ISBN 0–88789–645–9
1. Narration (Rhetoric). 2. Storytelling. 3. Literature and society.
4. Journalism – Social aspects. I. Title II. Series.
PN212.F841999 809′.923 C99-931352-5
Cover design: Bill Douglas @ The Bang Typesetting: Brian Panhuyzen Printed and bound in Canada
We acknowledge for their financial support of our publishing program the Canada Council for the Arts, the
Ontario Arts Council, and the Government of Canada through the Book Publishing Industry Development
Program (BPIDP).
For Rachel Fulford and Sarah Fulford,
beloved listeners, wise storytellers
Contents
Preface
I Gossip, Literature, and Fictions of the Self
II Master Narratives and the Patterns of History
III The Literature of the Streets and the Shaping of News
IV The Cracked Mirror of Modernity
V Nostalgia, Knighthood, and the Circle of Dreams
Bibliography
PREFACE
STORYTELLING IS THE mother of all literary arts, and anyone who reads must
occasionally speculate on its enduring power. My own interest in storytelling
has been more than occasional: the questions raised in this book have been
central concerns of mine for many years, though I didn’t realize how central
until I began bringing them together for the first time. Now it seems clear that I
have been gathering my thoughts on this immense subject for more than half a
century.
The chance to investigate the narrative impulse at some length came when I
was appointed the 1999 Massey lecturer by the Canadian Broadcasting
Corporation. The Massey Lectures were founded in 1961 to honour Vincent
Massey, a major patron of the arts as well as the first Canadian-born governor
general. Each autumn, a writer, teacher, or public figure gives a series of five
one-hour radio talks on a subject that springs naturally from his or her work. In
recent years, Massey College, which Vincent Massey created, has been
associated with the lectures, and the House of Anansi Press has published them.
The form is now traditional — five separate but interlocked lectures, each
around 7,500 words. Themes tend to be wide-ranging, such as the pathology of
family life, the implications of technology, or the prospects for capitalism in the
next century. I discussed several approaches with the CBC and Massey College,
and in the end we settled on an exploration of storytelling. It seems to me that
this crucial element of culture receives less attention than it deserves; just
because it is so pervasive, we often fail to consider its sources and its
implications.
Of all the ways we communicate with one another, the story has established
itself as the most comfortable, the most versatile — and perhaps also the most
dangerous. Stories touch all of us, reaching across cultures and generations,
accompanying humanity down the centuries. Assembling facts or incidents into
tales is the only form of expression and entertainment that most of us enjoy
equally at age three and age seventy-three.
The story links us to ancestors we can never know, people who lived ten or
twenty thousand years ago. As the study of preliterate cultures demonstrates,
storytelling was central to society long before humans learned to write. Millions
of anonymous raconteurs invented narrative, and simultaneously began the
history of civilization, when they discovered how to turn their observations and
knowledge into tales they could pass on to others.
knowledge into tales they could pass on to others.
My plan when I set out to write these lectures was to look at narrative from a
few unusual angles and perhaps open it to wider discussion. I especially wanted
to assert the value of those unruly and unaccredited forms of narrative that arise
from conversation, in particular the stories, true or untrue, that we tell about
ourselves and people we know. In my view, we can profitably bring to amateur
storytelling the same tools of understanding that we routinely apply to literature.
My first chapter locates the foundations of narrative in gossip, that much
maligned art form. It relates gossip to sophisticated fiction, and discusses the
personal histories that people concoct in the course of establishing their identity.
From this beginning at the bottom of the narrative food chain, my second
chapter moves to an arena of grand ambition, where Edward Gibbon, H. G.
Wells, Arnold Toynbee, and others have tried to chart the course of civilization
with their master narratives. My own profession, journalism, stands at the core
of the third chapter, which also discusses the endlessly surprising form of
literature that we call urban legends. My fourth chapter deals with the
“unreliable narrator,” as deployed by writers such as Vladimir Nabokov and
Ford Madox Ford; this subject nestles beside postmodern academic theory, each
of them commenting on the other. Finally, in chapter five, as a way of relating
history to the present moment, I trace one long vibrant line of romantic narrative
from Sir Walter Scott’s Ivanhoe to contemporary mass culture, where the burden
of narrative comes to rest on that exceptional figure invented by the twentieth
century, the star of movies and television. All this, I hope, serves my main
intention: to identify the lines of meaning that connect public narratives, grand
or humble, with the narratives we all enact, the true stories of our lives.
It’s a pleasure to record several significant debts incurred in the writing of
this book. Bernie Lucht, executive producer of the Ideas series at the CBC,
called me with the welcome news that I was to be the 1999 Massey lecturer; he
then helped me to select my topic and develop an outline. Richard Handler, also
of Ideas, was my excellent coach, conscience, and goad through the writing; he
also produced the lectures for radio. I’m grateful to Martha Sharpe of House of
Anansi Press for her thoughtful suggestions and to Janice Weaver for her
meticulous copyediting. Geraldine Sherman, Sarah Fulford, and Rachel Fulford
all read early drafts and returned them with valuable criticisms. Robert Lewis’s
invitation to write an essay for Maclean’s pushed me towards this subject.
Katherine Ashenburg, John Fraser, and Barbara Moon supplied astute
comments, and Richard Landon a helpful piece of research. Margaret Fulford,
Webmaster extraordinaire, provided technical support. Beverley Slopen, as
always, performed the dual role of agent and cheerleader.
Robert Fulford
Toronto, September 1999
[email protected]