The treatment of test anxiety by rational stage directed hypnotherapy

194 Pages·2013·6.57 MB·English

INFORMATION TO USERS
This material was produced from a microfilm copy of the original document. While
the most advanced technological means to photograph and reproduce this document
have been used, the quality is heavily dependent upon the quality of the original
submitted.
The following explanation of techniques is provided to help you understand
markings or patterns which may appear on this reproduction.
1. The sign or "target" for pages apparently lacking from the document
photographed is "Missing Page(s)"- If it was possible to obtain the missing
page(s) or section, they are spliced into the film along with adjacent pages.
This may have necessitated cutting thru an image and duplicating adjacent
pages to insure you complete continuity.
2. When an image on the film is obliterated with a large round black mark, it
is an indication that the photographer suspected that the copy may have
moved during exposure and thus cause a blurred image. You will find a
good image of the page in the adjacent frame.
3. When a map, drawing or chart, etc., was part of the material being
photographed the photographer followed a definite method in
"sectioning" the material. It is customary to begin photoing at the upper
left hand corner of a large sheet and to continue photoing from left to
right in equal sections with a small overlap. If necessary, sectioning is
continued again — beginning below the first row and continuing on until
complete.
4. The majority of users indicate that the textual content is of greatest value,
however, a somewhat higher quality reproduction could be made from
"photographs" if essential to the understanding of the dissertation. Silver
prints of "photographs" may be ordered at additional charge by writing
the Order Department, giving the catalog number, title, author said
specific pages you wish reproduced.
5. PLEASE NOTE: Some pages may have indistinct print. Filmed as
received.
Xerox University Microfilms
300 North Zwb Rood
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106
76-17,965
BOUTIN, Gerard Emile, 1950-
THE TREATMENT OF TEST ANXIETY BY RATIONAL
STAGE DIRECTED HYPNOTHERAPY.
The Ohio State University, Ph.D., 1976
Psychology, clinical
Xerox University Microfilms ,
Ann Arbor, Michigan 46106
PLEASE NOTE:
Pages 141-l‘+2, "Multiple Affect
Adjective Check List", copyright
1965 by Educational and Industrial
Testing Service, and pages 1U3-155,
"Self-Evaluation Questionnaire"
copyright by Consulting Psycholo­
gists Press, not microfilmed at re­
quest of author. Available for con­
sultation at The Ohio State Univer­
sity Library.
UNIVERSITY MICROFILMS
THE TREATMENT OF TEST ANXIETY BY
RATIONAL STAGE DIRECTED HYPNOTHERAPY
DISSERTATION
Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for
the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate
School of The Ohio State University
By
Gerard E. Boutin B.A., M.S,
★ * * *
The Ohio State University
1976
Approved By
Reading Committee:
Herman J. Peters
A )
Donald J. Tosi
Henry Leland
To my lovely wife, Rossala
ii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
O Lord! that lends me life,
Lend me a heart replete with Thankfulness!
— Shakespeare
......... thankfulness for a committee which
contributed so much to both my cognitive and affective
growth: Dr. Herman J. Peters, Chairman; Dr. Donald J.
Tosi, and Dr. Henry Leland. Thanks to Donald Tosi for
his invaluable assistance with the experimental design;
his time and his expertise. Ily special thanks to James
Reardon and Dan Corley for giving of their time to act
as able therapists for this study.
I am grateful to Nancy Drake and Thomas Winewrighter
whose cooperation enabled this study to be conducted in
the real world. I would also like to thank all of the
students at Grant Hospital School of Nursing for their
time and effort.
I especially thank my family for their investment in
me. Thanks to my parents, Gerard and Mildred Boutin, and
to my parents-in-law, John and LaDonna June Stemple. A
special thanks to my loving wife Rossala, who is blessed
with the patience of Job and who believed in me even when
I could not.
iii
VITA
November 26, 1950 . . . . Born — Lowell, Mass.
1972 ........ B.A., Fairmont State College,
Fairmont, West Virginia
1973 ........ Psychologist, Behavior Therapy
Unit, Weston State Hospital,
Weston, West Virginia
1974 ........ M.S. West Virginia University,
Morgantown, West Virginia
1974 . . . . . Graduate Research Assistant to
Department Chairman
197 5 . . . . . Psychological Intern, Southwest
Mental Health Center, Columbus,
Ohio
1975 ........ Psychological Intern, Franklin
County Comprehensive Drug
Treatment Program, Columbus, Ohio
FIELDS OF STUDY
Major Field: Counseling
Studies in Counseling. Professor Herman J. Peters
Studies in Counseling. Professor Donald J. Tosi
Studies in Developmental Psychology. Professor Henry
Leland
Studies in Clinical Psychology. Professor Andrew
Schwebel
Studies in Psychiatry. Professor Peter H. Gwynne
iv
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Page
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS i i i
VITA iv
LIST OF TABLES vii
LIST OF FIGURES ix
Chapter
I. INTRODUCTION 1
Rational Stage DirectedH ypnotherapy 5
Need for the Study 10
Purpose of the Study 13
Hypothesis 13
Assumptions 14
Limitations of the Study 15
Definition of Terms 15
Organization 17
II. REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 18
Theory of Test Anxiety 20
Irrational Beliefs which Evoke and Maintain
Test Anxiety 25
Implications for Treatment 32
Personality Characteristics of Test Anxious
Individuals 33
Rational Emotive Therapy 3 5
Rational Stage Directed Hypnotherapy 44
III. METHOD 51
Selection of Instruments 52
Multiple Affect Adjective Checklist 55
State-Trait Anxiety Inventory 56
Test Anxiety Scale 60
S~R Inventory of Anxiousness 61
Anxiety Differential 62
Personal Beliefs Inventory 66
Palmar Sweat Print 67
v
Page
Subjects 70
Therapists 7 3
Followup Testing 76
Treatments 76
Rational Stage Directed Hypnotherapy 76
Hypnosis 78
Placebo 79
Treatment Control 79
Statistics 79
Summary 80
IV. ANALYSIS OF DATA 81
V. SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS, RECOMMENDATIONS 106
AND INTERPRETATIONS
Summary 106
Conclusions 108
Recommendations 112
Interpretations 113
REFERENCES 117
APPENDICES
Appendix A 135
Appendix B 141
Appendix C 143
Appendix D 145
Appendix E 147
Appendix F 150
Appendix G 152
Appendix H 156
Appendix I 157
Appendix J 158
Appendix K 179
Appendix L 185
Appendix M 190
LIST OF TABLES
Correlations of Interrater Reliability 54
for the Barber Susceptibility Scale
Descriptive Analysis of the Subjects 71
Means and Standard Deviations for 71
Female Undergraduates in General and
the Female Nursing Students in this
Sample.
Pearson Product Moment Correlations 73
of Inter-Rater Reliability for
Therapist Treatment Performance
Univariate F-Tests of Treatment X 84
Trials Interaction
Univariate F-Tests of Trials Main 85
Effect
Univariate F-Tests of Treatments 86
Main Effect
Mean Scores for Ss/ Performance on 87
the MAACL by Treatments
Mean Scores for Ss/ Performance on 87
the MAACL by Treatment X Trials
Mean Scores for Sjs* Performance on 89
the PBI by Treatments
Mean Scores for Ss/ Performance on 90
the PBI by Treatments X Trials
Mean Scores for Ss/ Performance on 91
the PSP by Treatments
Mean Scores for Ss/ Performance on 92
the PSP by Treatments X Trials
vii