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The Treatment of Acute The Treatment of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal PDF

72 Pages·2012·0.33 MB·English
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Preview The Treatment of Acute The Treatment of Acute Alcohol Withdrawal

TThhee TTrreeaattmmeenntt ooff AAccuuttee AAllccoohhooll WWiitthhddrraawwaall General Internal Medicine Grand Rounds FFeebbrruuaarryy 1144,, 22001122 Julie Taub, MD Denver Health & Hosppital Authorityy,, Denver CO PPhhaarrmmaaccoollooggyy • Ethanol • Baclofen • BBeennzzooddiiaazzeeppiinneess • AAnnttiippssyycchhoottiiccss • Chlormethiazole •  Blockers • BBaarrbbiittuurraatteess • CClloonniiddiinnee • Propofol • Dexmedetomidine • Anticonvulsants (Carbamazepine) EEtthhaannooll •• SShhoorrtt hhaallff lliiffee • Narrow therapeutic index • GGasttriic iirriittattiion • Risk of metabolic derangements • Risk of Wernicke-Korsakoff • PPoooorr ssuurrggiiccaall hheeaalliinngg • Expensive • EEtthhiicall iissues Benzodiazeppines • 1969 Kaim article – 537 alcoholics – Double blind – CChhllorddiiazepoxiidde, chhllorpromaziine, hhyddroxyziine, thiamine Chlordiazepoxide 1 1 Other Drugs 8.8 Seizures 5 Delirium Tremens Placebo 7 6 00 22 44 66 88 1100 Percent Kaim S, Klett C, Rothfeld B. Treatment of the acute alcohol withdrawal state: A comparison of four drugs.   Amer. J. Psychiat. 1969;125:1640‐1646. Benzodiazeppines • Potentiate binding of GABA to GABA-A receptor • Avoid IM for chlordiazepoxide and diazepam – Slowly & erratically absorbed • Long vs Short half life – SSeeiizzuurreess aafftteerr cceessssaattiioonn ooff sshhoorrtt aaccttiinngg ((ooxxaazzeeppaamm)) BBeennzzooddiiaazzeeppiinneess • CChhlloorrddiiaazzeeppooxxiiddee && DDiiaazzeeppaamm:: Oxidation Glucuronidation PP445500 • Lorazepam & Oxazepam: GGlluuccuurroonniiddaattiioonn BBeennzzooddiiaazzeeppiinneess • Chlordiazeppoxide & Diazeppam: Oxidation Glucuronidation PP445500 (cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31) (cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31) (cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31)(cid:31) • Lorazepam & Oxazepam: GGlluuccuurroonniiddaattiioonn BBeennzzooddiiaazzeeppiinneess Elderlyy & Severe Liver Disease • Chlordiazepoxide & Diazepam: – IInnccrreeaasseedd tteerrmmiinnaall eelliimmiinnaattiioonn ½½ lliiffee – Increased volume of distribution – GGrreeaatteerr aaccccuummuullaattiioonn ooff mmeettaabboolliitteess • Lorazepam & Oxazepam: Prefferredd in Elldderlly && SSevere Liver Disease CChhlloorrmmeetthhiiaazzoollee • SSeeddaattiivvee, hhyyppnnoottiicc && aannttii-ccoonnvvuullssaanntt • Enhances GABA-A • Short ½ Life • OOnnlly aavaaiillaabbllee iinn EEurooppee Chlormethiazole • Equivalent to chlordiazepoxide • Risk resppiratoryy deppression & cardiopulmonary collapse – CCaassee rreeppoorrttss ooff ddeeaatthh iinn oovveerrddoossee • Need to taper over 1 week • Avoid as first line agent

Description:
Sedative hypnotic & anti convulsant. • Sedative, hypnotic & anti-convulsant. • Enhances GABA-A. • Short ½ Life. Onl a ailableinE ope. • Only available in Europe . 1969 Goddard McIntyre & Leech. • 1969 – Goddard, McIntyre & Leech. – Electrical stimulation to animals. • Alcohol withd
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