The Transnational Governance of Violence and Crime: Non-State Actors in Security PDF
Preview The Transnational Governance of Violence and Crime: Non-State Actors in Security
The Transnational Governance of Violence and Crime GovernanceandLimitedStatehood Serieseditors: ThomasRisse,ProfessorofInternationalPolitics,FreieUniversitätBerlin,Germany UrsulaLehmkuhl,ProfessorofModernHistory,FreieUniversitätBerlin,Germany This ground-breaking monograph series showcases cutting-edge research on the transfor- mation of governance in countries with weak state institutions. Combining theoretically informedandempiricallygroundedscholarship,itchallengestheconventionalgovernance discoursewhichisbiasedtowardsmoderndevelopednation-states.Instead,theseriesfocuses ongovernanceinAfrica,Asia,andLatinAmericaincludingtransnationalandtransregional dimensions. Located at the intersection of global governance and international relations, on the one hand,andcomparativepolitics,areastudies,internationallaw,history,anddevelopment studies, on the other, this innovative series helps to challenge fundamental assumptions aboutgovernanceinthesocialsciences. Titlesinclude: TanjaA.BörzelandChristianThauer(editors) BUSINESSANDGOVERNANCEINSOUTHAFRICA RacingtotheTop? MalikaBouziane,CiljaHarders,andAnjaHoffmann(editors) LOCALPOLITICSANDCONTEMPORARYTRANSFORMATIONSINTHEARABWORLD GovernanceBeyondtheCentre SusanneBuckley-ZistelandRuthStanley(editors) GENDERINTRANSITIONALJUSTICE AnjaP.JakobiandKlausDieterWolf(editors) THETRANSNATIONALGOVERNANCEOFVIOLENCEANDCRIME Non-StateActorsinSecurity AmichaiMagen,ThomasRisse,andMichaelA.McFaul(editors) PROMOTINGDEMOCRACYANDTHERULEOFLAW AmericanandEuropeanStrategies Markus-MichaelMüller PUBLICSECURITYINTHENEGOTIATEDSTATE PolicinginLatinAmericaandBeyond GovernanceandLimitedStatehoodSeries SeriesStandingOrderISBN978–0–230–23597–7 (hardback)andISBN978–0–230–23598–4(paperback) (outsideNorthAmericaonly) Youcanreceivefuturetitlesinthisseriesastheyarepublishedbyplacingastandingorder. Pleasecontactyourbookselleror,incaseofdifficulty,writetousattheaddressbelowwith yournameandaddress,thetitleoftheseriesandtheISBNsquotedabove. Customer Services Department, Macmillan Distribution Ltd, Houndmills, Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS,England The Transnational Governance of Violence and Crime Non-State Actors in Security Editedby Anja P. Jakobi DepartmentofPoliticsandInternationalRelations, RoyalHolloway,UniversityofLondon,UK and Klaus Dieter Wolf PeaceResearchInstitute,Frankfurt,Germany Editorialmatter,selection,introductionandconclusion©AnjaP.Jakobi andKlausDieterWolf2013 Individualchapters©Respectiveauthors2013 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 1st edition 2013 978-1-137-33441-1 Allrightsreserved.Noreproduction,copyortransmissionofthis publicationmaybemadewithoutwrittenpermission. Noportionofthispublicationmaybereproduced,copiedortransmitted savewithwrittenpermissionorinaccordancewiththeprovisionsofthe Copyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988,orunderthetermsofanylicence permittinglimitedcopyingissuedbytheCopyrightLicensingAgency, SaffronHouse,6–10KirbyStreet,LondonEC1N8TS. Anypersonwhodoesanyunauthorizedactinrelationtothispublication maybeliabletocriminalprosecutionandcivilclaimsfordamages. Theauthorshaveassertedtheirrightstobeidentifiedastheauthorsofthis workinaccordancewiththeCopyright,DesignsandPatentsAct1988. Firstpublished2013by PALGRAVEMACMILLAN PalgraveMacmillanintheUKisanimprintofMacmillanPublishersLimited, registeredinEngland,companynumber785998,ofHoundmills,Basingstoke, HampshireRG216XS. PalgraveMacmillanintheUSisadivisionofStMartin’sPressLLC, 175FifthAvenue,NewYork,NY10010. PalgraveMacmillanistheglobalacademicimprintoftheabovecompanies andhascompaniesandrepresentativesthroughouttheworld. Palgrave®andMacmillan®areregisteredtrademarksintheUnitedStates, theUnitedKingdom,Europeandothercountries. ISBN 978-1-349-46271-1 ISBN 978-1-137-33442-8 (eBook) DOI 10.1057/9781137334428 Thisbookisprintedonpapersuitableforrecyclingandmadefromfully managedandsustainedforestsources.Logging,pulpingandmanufacturing processesareexpectedtoconformtotheenvironmentalregulationsofthe countryoforigin. AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. AcatalogrecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheLibraryofCongress. Contents ListofTablesandFigures vii PrefaceandAcknowledgments ix NotesonContributors x ListofAbbreviations xiv Part I Introduction 1 Non-StateActorsandtheGovernanceofViolence andCrime 3 AnjaP.JakobiandKlausDieterWolf Part II TraditionalFieldsofSecurity 2 WarlordsandGovernance 23 KimberlyMarten 3 ConstrainingtheConductofNon-StateArmedGroups 40 StefanieHerr 4 FormalandInformalGovernanceintheUN PeacebuildingCommission 61 OliverWesterwinter 5 GoverningWarEconomies:ConflictDiamonds andtheKimberleyProcess 84 AnjaP.Jakobi 6 GovernanceEffortstoPreventWeaponsTrafficking 106 SimoneWisotzki Part III EmergingFieldsofSecurityGovernance 7 Non-StateActorsAllAround:TheGovernanceof Cybercrime 129 AnjaP.Jakobi 8 ContainingHumanTraffickingthroughStateand Non-StateActors 149 EdgardoBuscaglia v vi Contents 9 MaritimeTerrorism:GovernanceandNon-StateActors 172 PatriciaSchneider 10 PrivateMilitaryandSecurityCompaniesinMaritime SecurityGovernance 193 CarolinLiss 11 BanksandtheGovernanceofCrime 214 KarinSvedbergHelgesson 12 Non-StateActorsinTransnationalCriminalLaw 232 AnnegretFlohr Part IV Conclusions 13 FacingViolenceandCrime:ModelsofNon-StateActor InvolvementinGovernance 257 AnjaP.JakobiandKlausDieterWolf Index 273 Tables and Figures Tables 1.1 Non-stateactorsandgovernance 10 1.2 Varianceofnon-stateactorinvolvement 13 3.1 Comparingnon-governmentalapproachesto non-stateviolence 50 4.1 Centralityandcentralizationintheinformation exchangenetwork 74 4.2 Core-peripherymodelofinformationexchange (densitymatrix) 75 4.3 Formalandinformalgovernanceaccess 76 5.1 Governanceofconflictdiamondsovertime 102 7.1 Ratificationofcrimepoliciesuntil2010 141 7.2 Comparingdifferentelementsofglobalcrime governance 143 9.1 Scenariosofpreviousattacksrelatedtomaritime terrorism 176 9.2 Non-stateinvolvementinthegovernanceof maritimesecurity 179 10.1 PirateattacksintheMalaccaStraitsarea 196 10.2 PirateattacksattributedtoSomalipirates 197 12.1 Overviewofthethreecomponentsofinternational criminallaw 238 Figures 1.1 Interactionofstate-andnon-stategovernance 12 4.1 Exchangeofpolicy-relevantinformationandadvice duringnegotiationsovertheStrategicFramework 72 8.1 Scatterplot:‘Organizedcrime’relatedto‘frequenciesof judicialviolationstotheHumanTraffickingProtocol’ 161 8.2 Scatterplot:‘Organizedcrime’relatedto‘taskforceof judicial-financialintelligencesystemineffectiveness’ 161 8.3 Scatterplot:‘Organizedcrime’relatedto‘human traffickingnon-state/civilsocietyprograms’ 163 vii viii ListofTablesandFigures 8.4 Scatterplot:‘Organizedcrime’relatedto‘international cooperation’ 164 9.1 Cooperativetriangleofstate-andnon-stategovernance inmaritimesecurity 186 Preface and Acknowledgments Non-state violence and crime frequently make it to the headlines, and sodothemanyvoicesthatforecasttheendofeffectivestate-basedgov- ernance. Why not bring both together and explore what one has to do with the other? This, in short, is the aim of this edited volume. Whenweinitiallystartedourendeavor,wegatheredscholarsfromdif- ferent research backgrounds for a conference that turned out to be both highly pleasant and productive. Since then, many of us have met at other forums, and this book is the first major exploration of whatthetransnationalgovernanceofviolenceandcrimemightmean. Wehopereadersandauthorswillfindthisvolumeusefulwhenthinking through major changes in security governance, limited statehood, and non-state-actors’activities. Ourspecialthanksgototheauthorsofthefollowingchapters.Their dedicationhasgreatlysupportedourjobaseditors.Wealsothankthose colleagues who provided us with constructive and important feedback ondifferentoccasions,inparticularEvaBischoff,MelanieConi-Zimmer, CorneliusFriesendorf,MarkusJachtenfuchs,andStefanoRuzza.Thomas Risseimmediatelyshowedenthusiasmconcerningthisbookandgreatly facilitateditspublication. ThisbookisoneoutcomeofaresearchprojectatthePeaceResearch Institute Frankfurt (PRIF/HSFK), Germany, led by the editors and co-funded by the Cluster of Excellence ‘The Formation of Normative Orders’ of the German Research Foundation (DFG). We are grateful for this support. Anja P. Jakobi also thanks the Universities of Frankfurt, Bielefeld, and Giessen for offering visiting professorships from 2011 to 2013whichwereagreathelpinfinalizingthisbook. ix
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