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The Theory of the Quantum World - Proceedings of the 25th Solvay Conference on Physics PDF

387 Pages·2013·3.653 MB·English
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THE THEORY OF THE QUANTUM WORLD 8674_9789814440615_tp.indd 1 4/3/13 10:00 AM February22,2013 17:3 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5in Solvay25 TThhiiss ppaaggee iinntteennttiioonnaallllyy lleefftt bbllaannkk Proceedings of the 25th Solvay Conference on Physics THE THEORY OF THE QUANTUM WORLD Brussels, Belgium 19 – 22 October 2011 Editors David Gross Director, Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics University of California, Santa Barbara, USA Marc Henneaux Université Libre de Bruxelles Director, International Solvay Institutes, Belgium Alexander Sevrin Vrije Universiteit Brussel Also at the Universiteit Antwerpen and the KULeuven Deputy-director, International Solvay Institutes, Belgium World Scientific NEW JERSEY • LONDON • SINGAPORE • BEIJING • SHANGHAI • HONG KONG • TAIPEI • CHENNAI 8674_9789814440615_tp.indd 2 4/3/13 10:00 AM Published by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. 5 Toh Tuck Link, Singapore 596224 USA office: 27 Warren Street, Suite 401-402, Hackensack, NJ 07601 UK office: 57 Shelton Street, Covent Garden, London WC2H 9HE British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. THE THEORY OF THE QUANTUM WORLD Proceedings of the 25th Solvay Conference on Physics Copyright © 2013 by World Scientific Publishing Co. Pte. Ltd. All rights reserved. This book, or parts thereof, may not be reproduced in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage and retrieval system now known or to be invented, without written permission from the Publisher. For photocopying of material in this volume, please pay a copying fee through the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, USA. In this case permission to photocopy is not required from the publisher. ISBN 978-981-4440-61-5 Printed in Singapore. Lakshmi - The Theory of Quantum World.pmd 1 3/4/2013, 10:00 AM February22,2013 17:3 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5in Solvay25 v The International Solvay Institutes Board of Directors Members Mr. Jean-Marie Solvay President Prof. Franz Bingen Vice-President and Emeritus-Professorat the VUB Prof. Lode Wyns Secretary and Vice-Rector for Research at the VUB Mr. Philippe Busquin Minister of State and Former European Commissioner Prof. Eric De Keuleneer Solvay Brussels School of Economics & Management Mr. Bernard de Laguiche Chief Financial Officer of Solvay S.A. Mr. Alain Delchambre President of the Administrative Board of the ULB Baron Daniel Janssen Honorary Chairman of the Board of Directors of Solvay S.A. Mr. Eddy Van Gelder President of the Administrative Board of the VUB February22,2013 17:3 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5in Solvay25 vi Honorary Members Baron Andr´e Jaumotte Honorary Director of the Solvay Institutes, Honorary Rector, Honorary President of the ULB Mr. Jean-Marie Piret Emeritus Attorney General of the Supreme Court of Appeal and Honorary Principal Private Secretary to the King Prof. Jean-Louis Vanherweghem Former President of the Administrative Board of the ULB Prof. Irina Veretennicoff Emeritus Professor at the VUB Guest Members Prof. Marc Henneaux Director and Professor at the ULB Prof. Alexander Sevrin Deputy Director, Professor at the VUB and Scientific Secretary of the Committee for Physics Prof. Franklin Lambert Emeritus Professor at the VUB Prof. Anne De Wit Professor at the ULB and Scientific Secretary of the Committee for Chemistry Prof. Herv´e Hasquin Permanent Secretary of the Royal Academy of Sciences, Letters and Fine Arts of Belgium Prof. G´ery van Outryve d’Ydewalle Permanent Secretary of the Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Arts Director Prof. Marc Henneaux Professor at the ULB February22,2013 17:3 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5in Solvay25 vii Solvay Scientific Committee for Physics Prof. David Gross (Chair) Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics (Santa Barbara, USA) Prof. Roger Blandford Stanford University (USA) Prof. Steven Chu Stanford University (USA) Prof. Robbert Dijkgraaf Universiteit van Amsterdam (The Netherlands) Prof. Bert Halperin Harvard University (Cambridge, USA) Prof. Giorgio Parisi Universita` la Sapienza (Roma, Italy) Prof. Pierre Ramond University of Florida (Gainesville, USA) Prof. Gerard ’t Hooft Spinoza Instituut (Utrecht, The Netherlands) Prof. Klaus von Klitzing Max-Planck-Institut (Stuttgart, Germany) Prof. Peter Zoller Universita¨t Innsbruck (Austria) Prof. Alexander Sevrin (Scientific Secretary) Vrije Universiteit Brussel (Belgium) February22,2013 17:3 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5in Solvay25 viii In Memoriam Jacques Solvay (1920-2010) It is with great sadness that the Board of Directors of the International Solvay Institutes for Physics and Chemistry, founded by Ernest Solvay, learned of the passing away of its President, Jacques Solvay on April 29, 2010. Throughout his life, Jacques Solvay demonstrated a keen interest for scientific research and supported and encouraged the development of science at the highest level. Jacques Solvay was the inaugural President of the Board of Directors of the International Solvay Institutes upon their creation in 1970. From as early as the fifties, he expressedhis strongintentionto continue the workinitiatedby his great- grandfather, Ernest Solvay, by becoming an active member of the administrative committees of the Institute for Physics and the Institute for Chemistry prior to their merger. UnderhisdirectionandthatofIlyaPrigogine–withwhomhesharedacommon purpose – the Institutes broadened their activities and developed new research di- rections.Atthe sametime,JacquesSolvaymaintainedastrongfocus ontheSolvay ConferencesforPhysicsandChemistry,anactivitywhichhekeptclosetohisheart. ThehospitalitywhichMr.andMrs.Solvayextendedtotheparticipantscontributed greatly to the prestige and the success of these events. With the passingofJacquesSolvay,the internationalscientificcommunity loses a great friend of science. The Institutes will keep a vivid and grateful memory of Jacques Solvay and offer their condolences to his widow and the whole Solvay Family. *** To honor the memory of Jacques Solvay, the Board of Directors created the “InternationalJacquesSolvayChairforPhysics”.TheBoardofDirectorsexpresses their gratitude to the Solvay Family which supported this initiative. February22,2013 17:3 WSPC-ProceedingsTrimSize:9.75inx6.5in Solvay25 ix Hotel M´etropole (Brussels), 19-22 October 2011 The Theory of the Quantum World Chair: Professor David Gross The 25th Solvay Conference on Physics took place in Brussels from October 19 through October 22, 2011 celebrating one century of tradition and scientific excellence initiated by Lorentz at the 1st Solvay Conference on Physics in 1911 (PremierConseildePhysiqueSolvay).TheconferencewasprecededbyanAcademic SessionWhy Curiosity Driven Science? inthe presence ofHis RoyalHighness King Albert II of Belgium. The conference was followed by a public event entitled The Future of Physics. WilliamPhillips andFrankWilczek eachdelivereda lecture and a panel ofscientists – ledby DavidGrossandconsisting ofAlainAspect, Gerard’t Hooft, WilliamPhillips,Subir Sachdev,FrankWilczek andPeterZoller–answered questions from the audience. The organizationof the 25th Solvay Conference has been made possible thanks to the generous support of the Solvay Family, the Solvay Company, the Universit´e Libre de Bruxelles,the Vrije Universiteit Brussel, theBelgian National Lottery, the Foundation David and Alice Van Buuren, the Belgian Science Policy Office, the Communaut´e fran¸caise de Belgique, de Actieplan Wetenschapscommunicatie of the Vlaamse Regering,the City of Brussels, the Max-Planck-Gesellschaft andthe Hˆotel M´etropole.

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