The Theory of Criticism: From Plato to the Present

577 Pages·1988·18.536 MB·English

by  Raman Selden

THE THEORY OF CRITICISM
This page intentionally left blank
THE THEORY OF CRITICISM
From Plato to the Present
A Reader
edited and introduced by
RAMAN SELDEN
R
O Routledge
U
TLE
DG Taylor & Francis Group
E
LONDON AND NEW YORK
First published 1988 by Pearson Education Limited
Published 2014 by Routledge
2 Park Square, Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon OX14 4RN
711 Third Avenue, Kew York, NY 10017, USA
Routledge is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business
© Longman Group liK Limited 1988
All rights reserved. l\o pan of thi, book may be reprinted or repro
duced or utilised in arw form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other
means, now krnm11 or hereafter invented, including photocopying and
recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, w~tlrout per
mission in wTiting from tire publishers.
'.\lotices
Knowledge and best practice in this field arc constantly charn;ing. As
new research and experience broaden our u.ndcrstandirn;, changes in re
search methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may
become .necessary.
Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience
and knowledge in evaluating and using <my information, metlroch, com
pounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or
methods they should be mindful of their own safety and tire safety of
others, including parties for whom they have a pro±essional
responsibility.
To the fullest extelll of tire law, neither the Publisher nor tl1e authors,
contributors, or editors, assume any liability for <my iqjury and/or
damage lo persons or properly <Ls a matter of producls liability, negli
gence or otl1erwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, prod
ucts, instructions, or ideas contained in tl1e material herein.
ISB'.\l 1:-l: 978-0-!i82-00:-l28-6 (pbk)
British Llbrary Cataloguing in Publication Data
The Theory of Criticism From Plato to the Present
AReader
1. Criticism - History
I. Selden, Raman
801'.95'09 P:"J86
Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data
The Theory of criticism from Plato to the present.
Bibliography: p.
Includes index.
1. Criticism. I. Selden, Raman.
PN81.T43 1988 801'.95 87-16889
ISBN 0-582-01723-8
ISB:"J 0-582-00328-8 (pbk.)
Set in Linotron 202 10/12pt Baskerville
CONTENTS
Preface x
Acknowledgements
XI
INTRODUCTION 1
PART I: REPRESENTATION 7
CHAPTER I. IMAGINATIVE REPRESENTATION 9
(A) Plato 12
(B) Pio tin us 18
(C) C. W. F. von Schlegel 21
(D) Samuel Taylor Coleridge 24
(E) Percy Bysshe Shelley 28
(F) W. B. Yeats 31
(G) R. G. Collingwood 35
(H) Wallace Stevens 36
CHAPTER2. MIMESIS AND REALISM 40
(A) Aristotle 45
(B) Emile Zola 51
(C) Erich Auerbach 56
(D) Georg Lukacs 59
(E) Bertholt Brecht 66
(F) Alain Robbe-Grillet 73
(G) Roland Barthes 76
CHAPTER3. NATURE AND TRUTH 78
(A) John Dryden 81
(B) Alexander Pope 85
(C) William Wordsworth 86
(D) Samuel Johnson 89
(E) William Blake 91
Contents VI
CHAPTER4. LANGUAGE AND REPRESENTATION 95
(A) Ben Jonson 99
(B) Francis Bacon IOI
(C) Thomas Sprat 105
(D) John Locke 106
(E) Ernst Cassircr Ill
(F) Ferdinand de Saussure 113
(G) Ludwig Wittgenstein 115
(H) J. L. Austin 120
PART II: SUBJECTIVITY 123
CHAPTER l. WIT, JUDGEMENT, FANCY AND IMAGINATION 125
(A) Thomas Hobbes 129
(B) Joseph Addison 133
(C) Alexander Pope 139
(D) Alexander Gerard 139
(E) Samuel Taylor Coleridge 142
(F) T. E. Hulme 146
(G) I. A. Richards 146
CHAPTER 2. GENIUS: NATURE VS ART 150
(A) Longin us 153
(B) Joseph Addison 155
(C) Alexander Pope 157
(D) Edward Young 158
(E) William Ha7.litt 161
CHAPTER 3. EMOTIVE THEORIES 164
(A) Longin us 167
(B) John Dennis 169
(C) Joseph Warton 173
(D) William Wordsworth 175
(E) JS. Mill 178
(F) I. A. Richards 182
CHAPTER4. SUBJECTIVE CRITICISM AND THE READER'S
186
RESPONSE
(A) Aristotle 191
(B) John Dryden 191
(C) Rene Rapin 193
(D) G. E. Lessing 194
(E) I. A. Richards 195
(F) William Empson 196
(G) Leo Spitzer 197
(H) Georges Poulet 200
(I) E. D. Hirsch.Jr 203
Contents Vil
m H. R. Jauss 205
(K) Paul Ricocur 211
(L) Wol(gang Iser 214
(M) Norman Holland 218
(N) David Bleich 219
CHAPTERS. UNCONSCIOUS PROCESSES 222
(A) Sigmund Freud 225
(B) Carl Jung 227
(C) Maud Bodkin 231
(D) Ernest Jones 235
(E) .Jacques Lacan 236
(F) .Julia Kris teva 238
PART Ill: FORM, SYSTEM AND STRUCTURE 243
CHAPTER I. THE AESTHETIC DIMENSION 245
(A) Immanuel Kant 247
(B) Walter Pater 249
(C) K.J. Huysmans 251
(D) Oscar Wilde 252
(E) Benedetto Croce 254
(F) A. C. Bradley 256
(G) Clive Bell 259
(H) Jan Mukafovsky 261
(I) Fredric .Jameson 265
CHAPTER 2. UNITY AND LITERARINESS 268
(A) Aristotle 271
(B) Samuel Taylor Coleridge 273
(C) Viktor Shklovsky 274
(D) T. E. Hulme 277
(E) John Crowe Ransom 279
(F) Allen Tate 283
(G) Cleanth Brooks 285
(H) Mark Scharer 286
CHAPTER 3. AMBIGUITY AND POLYSEMY 289
(A) Dante 292
(B) Mikhail Bakhtin 293
(C) William Empson 295
(D) Cleanth Brooks 297
(E) Roland Barthes 299
CHAPTER 4. IMPERSONALITY AND THE 'DEATH' OF THE
AUTHOR 303
(A) John Keats 306
(B) Ezra Pound 307
Vlll Contents
(C) T. S. Eliot 310
(D) W. K. Wimsatt 314
(E) Susanne Langer 316
(F) Roland Barthes 318
CHAPTERS. RHETORIC: STYLE AND POINT OF VIEW 321
(A) Cicero 324
(B) George Puttenham 327
(C) Erich Auerbach 328
(D) Richard Ohmann 333
(E) Henry James 335
(F) Wayne C. Booth 337
CHAPTER6. STRUCTURE AND SYSTEM 343
(A) Plato 348
(B) Aristotle 350
(C) Ferdinand de Saussure 351
(D) Vladimir Propp 353
(E) Northrop Frye 355
(F) A.-J. Greimas 359
(G) Gerard Genette 364
(H) Roman Jakobson 367
(I) David Lodge 371
m .Jonathan Culler 375
CHAPTER 7. STRUCTURE AND INDETERMINACY 380
(A) Friedrich Nietzsche 383
(B) .Jacques Derrida 385
(C) Paul de Man 390
(D) Geoffrey H. Hartman 394
(E) Barbara Johnson 397
PART IV: HISTORY AND SOCIETY 401
CHAPTER I. TRADITION AND INTERTEXTUALITY 405
(A) T. S. Eliot 408
(B) E. R. Curtius 410
(C) Raymond Williams 414
(D) Harold Bloom 415
(E) Julia Kristeva 417
CHAPTER2. HISTORY 419
(A) H. A. Taine 423
(B) Arthur 0. Lovejoy 426
(C) E. M. W. Tillyard 428
(D) Raymond Williams 431
(E) Lucien Goldmann 434
(F) Michel Foucault 437
(G) Claudio Guillen 438
Contents IX
CHAPTER 3. SOCIETY 441
(A) John Dennis 444
(B) Karl Marx 446
(C) Walter Benjamin 447
(D) Malcolm Bradbury 452
CHAPTER4. IDEOLOGY 455
(A) William Blake 457
(B) Friedrich Engels 458
(C) Louis Althusser 459
(D) Pierre Macherey 463
(E) Terry Eagleton 466
PART V: MORALITY, CLASS AND GENDER 469
CHAPTER I. MORALISM 473
(A) Plato 476
(B) Sir Philip Sidney 478
(C) Samuel Johnson 481
(D) Percy Bysshe Shelley 483
(E) John Ruskin 485
(F) A. A. Zhdanov 487
(G) David Holbrook 488
CHAPTER 2. LITERATURE AND 'LIFE' 490
(A) Matthew Arnold 494
(B) Henry James 501
(C) D. H: Lawrence 505
(D) F. R. Leavis 509
(E) Lionel Trilling 516
CHAPTER 3. CLASS AND GENDER 519
(A) Richard Hoggart 522
(B) Raymond Williams 526
(C) Francis Mulhern 530
(D) Virginia Woolf 532
(E) Simone de Beauvoir 533
(F) Elaine Showalter 537
(G) Helene Cixous 541
INDEX 544