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The Theophilus Legend in Medieval Text and Image PDF

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The Theophilus Legend in Medieval Text and Image This book is for Susie, Charlie, and Cecilia The Theophilus Legend in Medieval Text and Image Jerry Root D. S. BREWER © Jerry Root 2017 All Rights Reserved. Except as permitted under current legislation no part of this work may be photocopied, stored in a retrieval system, published, performed in public, adapted, broadcast, transmitted, recorded or reproduced in any form or by any means, without the prior permission of the copyright owner The right of Jerry Root to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted in accordance with sections 77 and 78 of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988 First published 2017 D. S. Brewer, Cambridge ISBN 978 1 84384 461 7 D. S. Brewer is an imprint of Boydell & Brewer Ltd PO Box 9, Woodbridge, Suffolk IP12 3DF, UK and of Boydell & Brewer Inc. 668 Mt Hope Avenue, Rochester, NY 14620-2731, USA website: www.boydellandbrewer.com A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library The publisher has no responsibility for the continued existence or accuracy of URLs for external or third-party internet websites referred to in this book, and does not guarantee that any content on such websites is, or will remain, accurate or appropriate This publication is printed on acid-free paper Contents List of illustrations vi Acknowledgements x Introduction 1 1 Homage to the Devil: ritual, writing, seal 13 2 The self as dissemblance 63 3 Intervention of the Virgin 105 4 Sacramental action and Neoplatonic exemplarism 163 Conclusion 201 Works cited 211 Appendix: Image charts 221 Illustrations 227 General index 275 Index of figures 286 v Illustrations 1 Homage to the Devil, Prayer to the Virgin, Retrieval and Return of contract, Chantilly, Ingeborg Psalter (ca. 1210) Photo: René-Gabriel Ojéda, © RMN – Grand Palais / Art Resource, NY, Musée Condé, MS 1695, fols 35v and 36 228 2 Homage to the Devil, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours, © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 34 228 3 Theophilus goes to the Jewish intermediary; pays homage to the Devil, Lambeth Apocalypse (ca. 1260–75), © Lambeth Palace Library, MS 209, fol. 46 229 4 The bishop gives Theophilus’s position to another, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 6v 230 5 Theophilus speaks with Jewish intermediary and makes homage to the Devil; Virgin retrieves contract and returns it to Theophilus; Theophilus returns to the bishop and the story is told to the congregation, Madrid, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Real Biblioteca de El Escorial (1283), © Patrimonio National, MST.I.1, fol. 8 231 6 Theophilus loses position; Homage to the Devil; Prayer to Virgin and Child; Virgin retrieves contract; Virgin returns contract, St. Petersburg, Miracles de Nostre Dame (1260–70), © National Library of Russia, MS Fr. F.v.XIV.9, fol. 45v 232 7 Theophilus pays homage to the Devil, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late- 13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 7v 233 8 Theophilus writes up a contract, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 8 234 9 The Devil rewards Theophilus, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 8v 234 10 Theophilus pays homage to his bishop, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late- 13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 6 235 11 The Virgin in apparition, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 14 236 12 Theophilus writes a contract; the Devil examines the seal matrix, London, BL, Smithfield Decretals (1300–40), © The British Library Board, Royal MS 10. E. IV, fol. 166v 236 13 Homage to the Devil with contract and seal, London, BL, Smithfield Decretals (1300–40), © The British Library Board, Royal MS 10. E. IV, fol. 167 237 14 Theophilus giving alms; Theophilus refuses the position; Theophilus goes to the Jewish intermediary; Led to the Devil; Homage to the Devil; Virgin retrieves contract, The Hague, Miracles de Nostre Dame (1320–40), © Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek KB, 71 A 24, fol. 1 237 15 Devil takes ink from Theophilus’s tongue, New York, Arbégé des histoires divines (1300–10), © The Morgan Library & Museum, MS M.751, fol. 68 238 16 Homage to the Devil; Prayer to the Virgin; Return of contract, London, BL, Stowe Psalter (1310–20) © The British Library Board, Stowe 17, fols 255v–56 239 vi Illustrations 17 Virgin retrieving contract; Virgin returning contract, The Hague, Miracles de Nostre Dame (1320–40), © Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek KB, 71 A 24, fol. 6v 240 18 Virgin returns contract, Paris, Miracles de Nostre Dame (13th), © Bibliothèque nationale de France, BNF Fr 25532, fol. 9 240 19 Virgin returns contract; Theophilus prays to Virgin and Child, Paris, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late 13th), © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, BNF Fr 22928, fol. 42 241 20 Theophilus before a statue of the Virgin, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 11v 242 21 Virgin takes back contract, hellmouth; Return of contract, Lambeth Apocalypse (ca. 1260–75), © Lambeth Palace Library, MS 209, fol. 47 243 22 Homage to the Devil, Paris, Miracles de Nostre Dame (1328–34), © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, BNF NAF Fr 24541, fol. 8v 244 23 Theophilus turns to the Jewish intermediary, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 7 245 24 Theophilus receives gifts, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 9 246 25 Theophilus, the hand of God, hellmouth, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 10 247 26 Theophilus is guided to the Devil; Theophilus in power, Munich, Matutinalbuch (1200–50), © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Clm 17401, fol. 18v, urn:nbd:de:bvb:12-bsb00091699-9 248 27 Another clerk gets the position; Theophilus goes home and then meets the Jewish intermediary, Munich, Matutinalbuch (1200–50), © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Clm 17401, fol. 18, urn:nbd:de:bvb:12-bsb00091699-9 249 28 Theophilus giving gifts; Theophilus prays to the Virgin; An angel returns the contract; Theophilus takes it to the bishop, Munich, Matutinalbuch (1200–50), © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Clm 17401, fol. 19, urn:nbd:de:b- vb:12-bsb00091699-9 250 29 Theophilus distributes alms; The bishop offers the position, Munich, Matutinalbuch (1200–50), © Bayerische Staatsbibliothek München, Clm 17401, fol. 17v, urn:nbd:de:bvb:12-bsb00091699-9 251 30 Impoverished Theophilus, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours (ca. 1240), © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 33 252 31 Arrogance, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours (ca. 1240), © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 36 252 32 Theophilus and his horse, Cambridge, Carew-Poyntz Hours (1330–60), © Fitzwilliam Museum, Cambridge, Fitzwilliam 48, fol. 179v 253 33 Theophilus and his horse, London, BL, Smithfield Decretals (1300–40), © The British Library Board, Royal MS 10. E. IV, fol. 169v 253 34 Theophilus speaks with the Jewish intermediary, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 9v 254 35 Theophilus heads toward a church, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 11 255 vii Illustrations 36 Prayer before an empty altar, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours (ca. 1240), © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 38 256 37 Prayer to an apparition of the Virgin, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours (ca. 1240), © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 39v 257 38 Author writing; Theophilus praying to a painting of the Virgin and Child, The Hague, Miracles de Nostre Dame (1320–40), © Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek KB, 71 A 24, fol. 2v 257 39 Prayer to the Virgin; Virgin consults Christ, London, Lambeth Apocalypse (ca. 1260–75), © Lambeth Palace Library, MS 209, fol. 46v 258 40 Theophilus prays to a statue, Paris, Proiere Theophilus, Miracles de Nostre Dame (second-half-13th), © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, BNF Fr 1533, fol. 262v 259 41 Theophilus prays to the Virgin and Child, London, BL, The Taymouth Hours (1325–50), © The British Library Board, Yates Thompson MS 13, fol. 159v 259 42 Theophilus roped and praying to Virgin; Devil holding contract; Communion, The Hague, Picture Bible (ca. 1200), © Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, KB 76 F 5, fol. 42 260 43 The Virgin’s first appartion, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 13b 261 44 Theophilus praying; Virgin and Child in apparition, The Hague, Miracles de Nostre Dame (1320–40), © Den Haag, Koninklijke Bibliotheek, KB, 71 A 24, fol. 5v 261 45 Gautier/Theophilus prays to the Virgin, Paris, Miracles de Nostre Dame (second- half-13th), © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, BNF Fr 1533, fol. 42 262 46 The Virgin goes to Hell to retrieve the contract, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 15 262 47 The Virgin returns the contract, London, BL, Bohun Psalter Hours (1370), © The British Library Board, Egerton MS 3277, fol. 126v 263 48 Homage to the Devil; Devil holds Theophilus by the head; Theophilus prays to statue, Bohun Psalter and Hours (1370–80), © Bodleian Libraries, The University of Oxford. MS Auct. D.4.4, fol. 182 264 49 Virgin returns contract, New York, Psalter (1280s), © The Morgan Library & Museum. MS M.183. Purchased by J. Pierpont Morgan (1837–1913) in 1902, MS 183, fol. 285v 265 50 Virgin returns contract, Paris, Psalter (1265–75), © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, BNF Lat 1077, fol. 202v 266 51 Theophilus prays to the Virgin, Paris, Miracles de Nostre Dame (13th), © Bibliothèque Nationale de France, BNF Fr 818, fol. 70v 266 52 The Virgin returns the contract to the sleeping Theophilus, London, BL, Neville of Hornby Hours (1335–40), © The British Library Board, MS Egerton 2781, fol. 22 267 53 The Virgin returns the contract to the sleeping Theophilus, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/ CNRS, MS 551, fol. 15vb 267 54 The Virgin returns the contract to the sleeping Theophilus, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/ CNRS, MS 551, fol. 15vc 268 55 Burning the contract, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours (ca. 1240), © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 42v 269 viii Illustrations 56 The bishop burns the contract before the congregation, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/ CNRS, MS 551, fol. 16a 270 57 Theophilus reconciled with the bishop, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 16b 271 58 Theophilus takes communion, Besançon, Miracles de Nostre Dame (late-13th), © Bibliothèque municipale de Besançon, Clichés : IRHT/CNRS, MS 551, fol. 16v 272 59 Patron portrait, Alfonso X; Virgin returns contract, Madrid, Cantigas de Santa Maria, Real Biblioteca de El Escorial (1283) © Patrimonia National, MST.I.1, fol. 196 detail 273 60 William de Brailes, the hand of God, London, BL, The De Brailes Hours (ca. 1240), © The British Library Board, MS Add. 49999, fol. 43 273 The author and publishers are grateful to all the institutions and individuals listed for permission to reproduce the materials in which they hold copyright. Every effort has been made to trace the copyright holders; apologies are offered for any omission, and the publishers will be pleased to add any necessary acknowledgement in subsequent editions. ix

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