The Text of the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England

307 Pages·1995·22.158 MB·English

by  Richard Marsden

CAMBRIDGE STUDIES IN THE TEXT OF THE
ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND
OLD TESTAMENT IN
GENERAL EDITORS
SIMON KEYNES ANGLO-SAXON ENGLAND
MICHAEL LAPIDGE
ASSISTANT EDITOR: ANDY ORCHARD
Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England is a series of scholarly texts and monographs
intended to advance our knowledge of all aspects of the field of Anglo-Saxon studies. The RICHARD MARSDEN
scope of the series, like that of Anglo-Saxon England, its periodical counterpart, embraces
Girt on College, Cambridge
original scholarship in various disciplines: literary, historical, archaeological, philological,
art historical, palaeographical, architectural, liturgical and numismatic. It is the intention
of the editors to encourage the publication of original scholarship which advances our under­
standing of the field through interdisciplinary approaches.
Volumes published
I Anglo-Saxon Crucifixion Iconography and the Art of the Monastic Revival by
It A It it A it A <:. it AW
.’ The Cult of the Virgin Mary in Anglo-Saxon England by MARY Clayton
I Religion and laterature in Western England, 600-800 by PATRICK sims -williams
I Viable Song: Transition,/ Literacy in Old English Verse by
1
k a i 111 •: it i ini i: o'mtiLN < >' k ]•: t: fee
5 - 'the Metrical (Iratuntar oj heowull by cai .vin b . KENDALL
6 The Irish 'tradition in Old English l.iterature by CHARLES D. WRIGHT
7 Anglo-Saxon Median, by M. I.. CAMERON
8 The Poetic Art oj Aldhelm by ANDY orchard
9 The Old English Lives of St Margaret by MARY CLAYTON and HUGH MAGENNIS
10 Biblical Commentaries from the Canterbury School of Theodore and Hadrian by
BERNHARD BISCHOFF and MICHAEL LAPIDGE
11 Archbishop Theodore: Commemorative Studies on his Life and Influence edited by
MICHAEL LAPIDGE
12 Interactions of Thought and Language in Old English Poetry by PETER CLEMOES
13 The Textuality of Old English Poetry by carol BRAUN PASTERNACK
14 The ‘Laterculus Malalianus’ and the School of Archbishop Theodore by jane Stevenson
Cambridge
UNIVERSITY PRESS
Published by the Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge
The Pitt Building, Trumpington Street, Cambridge CB2 1RP Memoriae auiae meae
40 West 20th Street, New York, NY 10011-4211, USA
WINIFRED JANE DAVEY
10 Stamford Road, Oaklcigh, Melbourne 3166, Australia
1888-1985
© Cambridge University Press 1995
First published 1995
Printed in Great Britain at the University Press, Cambridge
A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library
l a hr ary of Congress cataloguing in publication data
Marsden, Richard.
The text of the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England / Richard Marsden.
p. cm. — (Cambridge studies in Anglo-Saxon England: 15)
Includes bibliographical references and index.
ISBN 0 521 46477 3 (hardback)
1. Bible. O.T. English (Old) - Versions.
2. Bible. O.T. — Criticism, Textual.
3. Bible. (Old) - Manuscripts. 4. Manuscripts, English (Old).
5. Manuscripts, Medieval — England.
6. Latin language — Translating into English (Old).
7. Bible. O.T. Latin - Versions - Vulgate.
I. Title. II. Series.
BS832.M37 1995
221.5'29 - dc20 94-33442 CIP
ISBN 0 521 46477 3 hardback
Contents
List of illustrations page viii
Preface ix
List of abbreviations xi
List of manuscript sigla xiv
1 Introduction 1
2 Early Southumbrian scholars and writers 61
i Early Northumbria: Wearmouth-Jarrow and Ceolfrith’s
pandects 76
\■ The Codex Amiatinus, a sister pandect and the Bibles at
Vivarium 107
5 'the Ceolfrithian text 140
6 Iiarly Northumbrian scholars and writers 202
7 Part-Bibles of the eighth and ninth centuries 236
K 'Hie Egerton codex 262
9 Wisdom books in non-biblical manuscripts 307
0 The late period: the ‘Royal’ Bible 321
1 Tlie late period: Bible fragments 379
> Vernacular evidence for the Old Testament 395
1 Conclusion 444
Appendix 450
bibliography 452
Index of manuscripts 472
St riptural index 477
(Icmral index 489
VII
Illustrations
Preface
between pages xix and 1
When I began a study of the Old English translations of the Old
'testament some years ago, I asked naively what I thought was an impor­
I Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Amiatino 1, 485r
tant question: what Latin text or texts were known to the Anglo-Saxon
(Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana)
translators? There was in fact no answer to be had, for the textual history of
II London, British Library, Loan 81, verso (The British Library)
the Old Testament in Anglo-Saxon England seemed to have escaped the
III Oxford, Bodleian Library, Lat. bib. c. 8 (P), verso (The Bodleian
attention of scholars. This study is thus an attempt to answer my own
Library)
question. It does so primarily through an examination of the surviving
IV Salisbury, Cathedral Library, 117, I64r (The Dean and Chapter
manuscripts of the Old Testament text, several of which have not been
of Salisbury Cathedral)
collated before and one of which has never been described, but it examines
V Cambridge, Magdalene College, Pepys 2981 (4), verso (The
also the evidence of Anglo-Saxon writers, as well as the above-mentioned
Master an^l Fellows, Magdalene College, Cambridge)
translations which started it all. My doctoral thesis, ‘The Text of the
VI London, British Library, Egerton 1046: (a) l4v, (b) 17r (The
Pentateuch in Late Anglo-Saxon England’ (the contents of which I have
British Library)
drawn on freely in chs. 1, 10 and 12), and my more recent ‘The Old
VII London, British Library, Royal 1. E. VII, 113r (The British
Testament in Late Anglo-Saxon England’ were first attempts to fill the
Library)
gaps in our knowledge. Elsewhere, I have dealt with the glossary evidence
VIII Columbia, Missouri, University of Missouri—Columbia Libraries,
oi Theodore of Canterbury’s Pentateuch, the survivial of the ‘Ceolfrithian’
Fragmenta Manuscripta 4, verso (Special Collections, The
text of Tobit in Oxford, Bodleian Library, Bodley 572 and the interven-
University of Missouri—Columbia Libraries)
(ion of Old Latin readings in the Old English Heptateuch. Some of this
IX London, British Library, Sloane 1086, no. 109, verso (The
material is summarized here, but it is not duplicated. I exclude Psalms
British Library)
from my study of the Old Testament, owing to the special circumstances
and great complexities of their transmission.
Because the Insular history of the Vulgate text can be understood only
in the context of its wider, continental, history, I have devoted much of
my introductory chapter to this, and also to the architecture of the
manuscripts in which it circulated. I explain, too, my critical method­
ology. Unique problems dog the analysis of Latin Bible texts, and the
limitat ions ol my own approach will be obvious. It is not, however, an end
v i i i
IX
Preface
in itself, merely a means for establishing what can and cannot be known
about the origins and historical relationships of the Old Testament texts
used by the Anglo-Saxons. The method is exploratory, the results
Abbreviations
provisional. My great debt throughout to the work of generations of
Vulgate scholars - especially to Samuel Berger and to the Benedictines of
Rome and Beuron (above all Bonifatius Fischer) — will be obvious. For
collations of continental Vulgate manuscripts, I have relied largely on the
volumes of the Rome Biblia Sacra (1926—94) and, where they are
available, those of the Beuron Vetus Latina (1949—). I follow the con­
ventions of their editors in my designation of manuscripts and presenta­
tion of variant readings. Translations in this study are my own, unless
ASE Anglo-Saxon England
I state otherwise.
Most of the research was undertaken during my tenure of the Ottilie ASPR Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records
Hancock Research Fellowship in Anglo-Saxon at Girton College. Financial BL British Library (London)
help from the College, the British Academy, the H. M. Chadwick Fund BN Bibliothéque Nationale (Paris)
and the Hort Memorial Fund facilitated my work in England and abroad. I BOH Venerabilis Baedae opera historica, ed. Plummer
acknowledge with gratitude the cooperation of librarians and their staffs in Breu. goth. Breuiarium gothicum, ed. Migne, PL 86, 7—70
England, France, Italy and the United States. I am especially indebted to BS Biblia Sacra iuxta latinam uulgatam uersionem ad codicum
Dr Anna Lenzuni, direttore of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in fidem, ed. Quentin et al. (Rome)
Florence, for allowing me direct access to the Codex Amiatinus, and to her CCSL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina (Turnhout)
deputy, Dr Angela Dillon, for her great kindness during my visits. Father CHB 1 Cambridge History of the Bible 1, ed. Ackroyd and Evans
Jean Mallet, of the Abbazia San Girolamo in Rome, supplied me with CHB 2 Cambridge History of the Bible 2, ed. Lampe
proofs of the final volume of the Rome Biblia Sacra ahead of publication; CHB 3 Cambridge History of the Bible 3, ed. Greenslade
Professor H. J. Frede of the Erzabtei of Beuron answered queries patiently CLA Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores [cited by volume and
number]
and made available to me the resources of the Vetus Latina Institut. With
characteristic generosity, Professor Toshi Takamiya brought his Anglo- CSASE Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England
Saxon Bible leaves from Tokyo to Cambridge, for me to examine at my CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (Vienna)
leisure. I owe much to the following colleagues and friends, who have DACL Dictionnaire d’archeologie chrétienne et de liturgie,
helped willingly over a number of years and in a variety of ways: Caroline ed. Cabrol and Leclercq
Bammel, Mildred Budny, Alicia Correa, Mary Garrison, Tim Graham, EEMF Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile
Peter Jackson, Roy Liuzza, Rosamond McKitterick, Paul Remley, Anne EETS Early English Text Society (old series)
Stanton, Linda Voigts and Paolo Zanna. Specific debts, to these and to ss supplementary series
others, are acknowledged in footnotes. Richard Gameson and Patrick EHD English Historical Documents, ed. Whitelock, 2nd ed.
McGurk most kindly found time to read drafts of various chapters, to my EQ Evangeliorum Quattuor Codex Lindisfarnensis, ed. Kendrick
et al.
great advantage. I thank in particular David Dumville, whose guidance in
palaeographical and other matters saved me from some of my errors; and GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei
Michael Lapidge, who recognized the need (or t His study and offered Jahrhunderte (Leipzig and Berlin)
constructive criticism throughout. Gneuss Gneuss, ‘Manuscripts’ [cited by number]
x XI
Preface
in itself, merely a means for establishing what can and cannot be known
about the origins and historical relationships of the Old Testament texts
used by the Anglo-Saxons. The method is exploratory, the results
Abbreviations
provisional. My great debt throughout to the work of generations of
Vulgate scholars - especially to Samuel Berger and to the Benedictines of
Rome and Beuron (above all Bonifatius Fischer) — will be obvious. For
collations of continental Vulgate manuscripts, I have relied largely on the
volumes of the Rome Biblia Sacra (1926—94) and, where they are
available, those of the Beuron Vetus Latina (1949—). I follow the con­
ventions of their editors in my designation of manuscripts and presenta­
tion of variant readings. Translations in this study are my own, unless
ASE Anglo-Saxon England
I state otherwise.
Most of the research was undertaken during my tenure of the Ottilie ASPR Anglo-Saxon Poetic Records
Hancock Research Fellowship in Anglo-Saxon at Girton College. Financial BL British Library (London)
help from the College, the British Academy, the H. M. Chadwick Fund BN Bibliothéque Nationale (Paris)
and the Hort Memorial Fund facilitated my work in England and abroad. I BOH Venerabilis Baedae opera historica, ed. Plummer
acknowledge with gratitude the cooperation of librarians and their staffs in Breu. goth. Breuiarium gothicum, ed. Migne, PL 86, 7—70
England, France, Italy and the United States. I am especially indebted to BS Biblia Sacra iuxta latinam uulgatam uersionem ad codicum
Dr Anna Lenzuni, direttore of the Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana in fidem, ed. Quentin et al. (Rome)
Florence, for allowing me direct access to the Codex Amiatinus, and to her CCSL Corpus Christianorum, Series Latina (Turnhout)
deputy, Dr Angela Dillon, for her great kindness during my visits. Father CHB 1 Cambridge History of the Bible 1, ed. Ackroyd and Evans
Jean Mallet, of the Abbazia San Girolamo in Rome, supplied me with CHB 2 Cambridge History of the Bible 2, ed. Lampe
proofs of the final volume of the Rome Biblia Sacra ahead of publication; CHB 3 Cambridge History of the Bible 3, ed. Greenslade
Professor H. J. Frede of the Erzabtei of Beuron answered queries patiently CLA Lowe, Codices Latini Antiquiores [cited by volume and
number]
and made available to me the resources of the Vetus Latina Institut. With
characteristic generosity, Professor Toshi Takamiya brought his Anglo- CSASE Cambridge Studies in Anglo-Saxon England
Saxon Bible leaves from Tokyo to Cambridge, for me to examine at my CSEL Corpus Scriptorum Ecclesiasticorum Latinorum (Vienna)
leisure. I owe much to the following colleagues and friends, who have DACL Dictionnaire d’archeologie chrétienne et de liturgie,
helped willingly over a number of years and in a variety of ways: Caroline ed. Cabrol and Leclercq
Bammel, Mildred Budny, Alicia Correa, Mary Garrison, Tim Graham, EEMF Early English Manuscripts in Facsimile
Peter Jackson, Roy Liuzza, Rosamond McKitterick, Paul Remley, Anne EETS Early English Text Society (old series)
Stanton, Linda Voigts and Paolo Zanna. Specific debts, to these and to ss supplementary series
others, are acknowledged in footnotes. Richard Gameson and Patrick EHD English Historical Documents, ed. Whitelock, 2nd ed.
McGurk most kindly found time to read drafts of various chapters, to my EQ Evangeliorum Quattuor Codex Lindisfarnensis, ed. Kendrick
et al.
great advantage. I thank in particular David Dumville, whose guidance in
palaeographical and other matters saved me from some of my errors; and GCS Die griechischen christlichen Schriftsteller der ersten drei
Michael Lapidge, who recognized the need (or t His study and offered Jahrhunderte (Leipzig and Berlin)
constructive criticism throughout. Gneuss Gneuss, ‘Manuscripts’ [cited by number]
x XI
List of abbreviations List of abbreviations
HA Bede, Historia abbatum, ed. Plummer, BOH I, 364—87 VL Vetus Latina, ed. Fischer et al. (Freiburg)
HBS Henry Bradshaw Society VLH La Vetus Latina Hispana, ed. Ayuso Marazuela
HE Bede, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. Colgrave and Mynors (Madrid)
Hier. the ‘Hieronymian’ Vulgate text , as reconstructed in BS
inch includes, including
Inst. Cassiodorus, Cassiodori senatoris institutiones, ed. Mynors
ABBREVIATED TITLES
JCWI Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology Abbreviations of the titles of the works of patristic, Merovingian, Carol-
JTS Journal of Theological Studies ingian and Insular authors conform to the usage detailed in M. Lapidge,
LB Fischer, Lateinische Bibelhandschriften im friihen Mittelalter Abbreviations for Sources and Specification of Standard Editions for Sources
Lugd. text of the ‘Lyon Heptateuch’ (Codex Lugdunensis), (Binghamton, NY, 1988).
ed. Robert
LVA Bibliorum Sacrorum latinae uersiones antiquae, ed. Sabatier
LXX the text of Septuaginta, ed. Rahlfs (1935)
marg. marginal correction or addition
MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica
Auct. antiq. Auctores antiquissimi
Epp. select. Epistulae selectae
SS ret. Ger. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum
MS Mediaeval Studies
ns new series
Oct. Octateuch
ODCC The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. Cross,
2nd ed.
OE Old English
OL Old Latin
om. omits, omitted
PG Patrologia Graeca, ed. Migne [cited by column number]
PL Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne [cited by column number]
prov. provenance
RB Revue Benedictine
RES Review of English Studies
Settimane Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto medioevo
(Spoleto)
Spec. Augustine, Speculum (CSEL 12, 1—285)
trs. transposed
var(s). variant reading(s)
VC Vita Ceolfridi, ed. Plummer BOH 1, 388—KH
XII XIII
List of abbreviations List of abbreviations
HA Bede, Historia abbatum, ed. Plummer, BOH I, 364—87 VL Vetus Latina, ed. Fischer et al. (Freiburg)
HBS Henry Bradshaw Society VLH La Vetus Latina Hispana, ed. Ayuso Marazuela
HE Bede, Historia ecclesiastica, ed. Colgrave and Mynors (Madrid)
Hier. the ‘Hieronymian’ Vulgate text , as reconstructed in BS
inch includes, including
Inst. Cassiodorus, Cassiodori senatoris institutiones, ed. Mynors
ABBREVIATED TITLES
JCWI Journal of the Warburg and Courtauld Institutes
JEGP Journal of English and Germanic Philology Abbreviations of the titles of the works of patristic, Merovingian, Carol-
JTS Journal of Theological Studies ingian and Insular authors conform to the usage detailed in M. Lapidge,
LB Fischer, Lateinische Bibelhandschriften im friihen Mittelalter Abbreviations for Sources and Specification of Standard Editions for Sources
Lugd. text of the ‘Lyon Heptateuch’ (Codex Lugdunensis), (Binghamton, NY, 1988).
ed. Robert
LVA Bibliorum Sacrorum latinae uersiones antiquae, ed. Sabatier
LXX the text of Septuaginta, ed. Rahlfs (1935)
marg. marginal correction or addition
MGH Monumenta Germaniae Historica
Auct. antiq. Auctores antiquissimi
Epp. select. Epistulae selectae
SS ret. Ger. Scriptores rerum Germanicarum
MS Mediaeval Studies
ns new series
Oct. Octateuch
ODCC The Oxford Dictionary of the Christian Church, ed. Cross,
2nd ed.
OE Old English
OL Old Latin
om. omits, omitted
PG Patrologia Graeca, ed. Migne [cited by column number]
PL Patrologia Latina, ed. Migne [cited by column number]
prov. provenance
RB Revue Benedictine
RES Review of English Studies
Settimane Settimane di studio del Centro italiano di studi sull’alto medioevo
(Spoleto)
Spec. Augustine, Speculum (CSEL 12, 1—285)
trs. transposed
var(s). variant reading(s)
VC Vita Ceolfridi, ed. Plummer BOH 1, 388—KH
XII XIII
List of manuscript sigla
AM Madrid, Academia de la Historia Aemiliana, 20 (Spain, c. 900)
AL León, Archivo Catedralicio, 6 (Spain, c. 920)
E Paris, BN, lat. 11532 + 11533 (Corbie area, 830-50)
Manuscript sigla Et Paris, BN, lat. 9382 (Echternach, s. viii1")
F Paris, BN, nouv. acq. lat. 1740 (France, s. viii1; revised Lyon?,
s. viii/ix)
Fx Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 6225 (Freising, s. ixm)
f Ghent, Universiteitsbibliotheek, 254 (445), fob 172 (Ireland,
s.viii)
f] Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, IV (4), fols. 3-5 (N. Italy?, s. v2)
f2 St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 193 + 567, pp. 142-53 (Italy, s.v)
The sigla used to identify Vulgate manuscripts in this study are those <ÞE Paris, BN, lat. 8847 (Tours, c. 800)
adopted by the editors of the Rome Biblia Sacra (see Quentin, Mémoire, <ÞT St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 75 (Tours, c. 802)
pp. 506-9)- Upper-case Greek letters are used for families of manuscripts, <ÞA Paris, BN, lat. 11514 (Tours, 807-34)
with superscript Roman letters to distinguish between members, and í*2 Zurich, Zentralbibliothek, C. 1 (Tours, 807—34)
upper-case Roman for letters for independent manuscripts. Lower-case <Þr Paris, BN, lat. 3 (‘Rorigo Bible’) (Tours, c. 835)
Roman letters are given to fragmentary manuscripts. The editors of the <ÞG London, BL, Add. 10546 (‘Moutier—Grandval Bible’) (Tours,
Rome edition have sometimes used a specific siglum in successive volumes 830-34)
to designate several different manuscripts. For example, G stands for Paris, <ÞV Rome, Biblioteca Vallicelliana, B. 6 (Rheims?, s. ixmed)
BN, nouv. acq. lat. 2334 in BS I—III (the Pentateuch), for Munich, Bayer- <I>P Rome, Abbazia S. Paolo fuori le mura, s.n. (Rheims, 870)
ische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 6239 in BS IX (Job) and for Paris, BN, lat. G Paris, BN, nouv. acq. lat. 2334 (‘Ashburnham Pentateuch’) (Italy,
11553 in BS XI-XII (Proverbs, Wisdom and Sirach). To avoid the con­ s. vii; Gc = restoration, France, s. viii)
fusion which might arise in a study of this sort, which cites from a range of Gj Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 6239 (Freising?, s. ix)
Old Testament books within single chapters, I have introduced an G2 Paris, BN, lat. 11553 (Saint-Germain-des-Prés, before 820) {= N
additional classification, in the form of a subscript numeral. Thus, the in BS VII]
three manuscripts in my example are designated G, G[ and G2, rA Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, E. 53 inf. (N. Italy, s. x)
respectively. TM Monza, Biblioteca Capitolare, a-2/4, fols. 136-261 (Italy, s. x1)
H Paris, BN, lat. 45 + 93 (N. France, s. ixmed)
A Florence, Biblioteca Medicea Laurenziana, Amiatino 1 (‘Codex h Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 29265/6 (S. Germany,
Amiatinus’) (Wearmouth-Jarrow, before 716) c. 800) {= m2 in BS XVII]
B Burgos, Seminario de San Jeronimo, s.n. (N. Spain, s. x) I Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 2 (Lorsch,
b London, BL, Add. 37777 + 45025 + Loan 81 s. ix1)
(Wearmouth-Jarrow, c. 700) i Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, D. 84 inf., fols. 427—8 (Italy,
C La Cava dei Tirreni, Archivio della Badia, 1 (14) (‘Codex Cavensis’) s. vii)
(Spain, after 850) K Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 6220 (Freising, s. ix1)
D Lyon, Bibliothéque de la Ville, 401 (S. France, s. viiiex) K, Cologne, Dombibliothek, 43 (Italy, s. viiicx)
St Petersburg, Public Library, F. v. I. 3 (Northumbria, s. viii2) K2 Kassel, Murhardsche Bibliothek tier Stadt Kassel und
D2 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 19105 (Tegernsee, s. vii) l.andesbibliothek, Theol. 2° 54 (Fulda, s. ix1)
xv
XIV
List of manuscript sigla List of manuscript sigla
k Orleans, Bibliothéque Municipale, 19 (16), fols. 1—10 + Vatican Q Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, E. 26 inf. (N. Italy, s. ixmcd) [VL
City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Reg. lat. 1462, fol. 1, Kings; TB]
Orleans, Bibliothéque Municipale, 19 (16), fols. 11-18, q Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, I (1) (Verona, s. vim)
Ecclesiastes—Wisdom-, fols. 19—25 + The Hague, Museum R Verona, Biblioteca Capitolare, II (2) (Verona?, c. 600)
Meermanno-Westreenianum, 10. B. 1, prophets (Italy, s. vi) Ri Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 14080 (Regensburg,
L Oxford, Bodleian Library, Laud lat. 92 (Wurzburg, c. 832—42) after 750)
L: Lyon, Bibliothéque de la Ville, 430 (Lyon, s. ixln) R2 Vienna, Österreichische Nationalbibliothek, lat. 1218
L2 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Pal. lat. 24 (Regensburg, s. viii2)
(S. Italy?, c. 700; La = restoration, s. viii) S St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 2, pp. 3-300 (St Gallen, s. viii2;
L} London, BL, Egerton 1046 (Northumbria, s. viii) additions s. viiiex; corr. s. ix1)
1 León, Archivo Catedralicio, 15 (Spain, s. vii) S, St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 14 (St Gallen, s. ix1)
Al León, Real Colegiata de San Isidoro, 2 (‘Codex Gothicus ) (Castille, S2 St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 28 (St Gallen, s. ix'n)
960) Sj St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 40, pp. 1-167 (St Gallen, before 781)
Ah Madrid, Academia de la Historia Aemiliana, 2-3 (San Millán de la 54 St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 44, pp. 1—181 (St Gallen, 760-81)
Cogolla, s. xii) 55 St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 12 (St Gallen, s. viii™)
M Amiens, Bibliothéque Municipale, 6 + 7+ 9 + 11 + 12 + Paris, BN, XT Madrid, Biblioteca National, Vitr. 13-1 (Tol. 2-1) (‘Codex
lat. 13174, fols. 136 and 138 (‘Maurdramnus Bible’) (Corbie, Toletanus’) (Spain, s. xmed)
772-81) £c Madrid, Biblioteca de la Universidad Central, 32 (Spain, s. x)
Mj Amiens, Bibliothéque Municipale, 8 + 10 (Corbie, s. ix'n) £M Madrid, Biblioteca Nacional, lat. 2 (A. 2) (Spain, s. xi1)
m Milan, Biblioteca Ambrosiana, G. 82 sup. (Bobbio, s. vi2) S° Madrid, Museo Arqueológico, 485 (Huesca, s. xii1)
m, St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 194, pp. 1-221 (Spain or S. France, T Tours, Bibliothéque Municipale, 10 (Tours, c. 790-800)
c. 700) Tt Salzburg, St Peter, Stiftsbibliothek, a. IX. 16 (Salzburg, before 798)
m2 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 29265/6 (S. Germany, 0s Stuttgart, Wiirttembergische Landesbibliothek, HB. II, 16
c. 800) (Orleans, c. 795/9)
N Paris, BN, lat. 11553 (Saint-Germain-des-Prés, before 820) @H London, BL, Add. 24142 (Orleans, c. 795/800)
n Durham, Cathedral Library, B. IV. 6, fol. 169* (Italy, s. vi) 0A Le Puy, Trésor de la Cathédrale, s.n. (Orléans, c. 800)
0 Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, Ottob. lat. 66 ©M Paris, BN, lat. 9.380 (‘Mesmes Bible’) (Orleans, c. 800/805)
(‘Codex Ottobonianus’) (N. Italy, c. 700) ©G Paris, BN, lat. 11937 (Orleans, s. ixin)
01 Orléans, Bibliothéque Municipale, 17 (14) (Fleury?, c. 800) 0K Copenhagen, Kongelige Bibliotek, Ny Kgl. Samling 1 (Orléans,
02 Munich, Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Clm. 9668 (France, s. ixln) s. ixin)
P Paris, BN, lat. 11504 + 11505 (N. France, 822) U St Gallen, Stiftsbibliothek, 6 (St Gallen, s. viii™)
Ilc Monte Cassino, Archivio della Badia, 531 (Monte Cassino, s. x) Ui Autun, Bibliothéque Municipale, 2 (S. 1) (Autun area, s. viii™)
IIF Monte Cassino, Archivio della Badia, 521 (Monte Cassino, s. xi1) V Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, lat. 5763 [miscell.
IID Monte Cassino, Archivio della Badia, 520 (Monte Cassino, s. xi) fols.] + Wolfenbiittel, Herzog-August Bibliothek, Weiss. 64, fols.
nG Monte Cassino, Archivio della Badia, 572 (Monte Cassino, s. xi) 282-3, 288-97, 312-17 and 328-31 (Italy?, s. v2)
IIL Monte Cassino, Archivio della Badia, 543 (Monte Cassino, s. xi) V, Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, lat. 5763 [miscell.
I1K Vatican City, Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, lat. 11978 (Monte fols.] + Wolfenbiittel, Herzog-August Bibliothek, Weiss. 64, fols.
Cassino, s. xi/xii) 284-7, 326-7 and 332-3 (N. Italy, s. vi)
XV XVII