The Testis. Biochemistry PDF
Preview The Testis. Biochemistry
CONTRIBUTORS ALAN W. BLACKSHAW PETER F. HALL MURRAY S. BLUM A. D. JOHNSON JOSEPH R. DAVIS GEORGE A. LANGFORD MICHAEL J. FREE ANNA STEINBERGER BARTON L. GLEDHILL Ε MIL STEINBERGER THE TESTIS EDITED BY A. D. J O H N S ON Department of Animal Science University of Georgia Athens, Georgia W. R. G O M ES AND N. L. V A N D E M A RK Animal Reproduction Teaching Animal Reproduction Teaching and Research Center and Research Center The Ohio State University The Ohio State University Columbus, Ohio Columbus, Ohio VOLUME II Biochemistry 1970 A C A D E M IC PRESS New York and London COPYRIGHT © 1970, BY ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. ALL RIGHTS RESERVED NO PART OF THIS BOOK MAY BE REPRODUCED IN ANY FORM, BY PHOTOSTAT, MICROFILM, RETRIEVAL SYSTEM, OR ANY OTHER MEANS, WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION FROM THE PUBLISHERS. ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. Ill Fifth Avenue, New York, New York 10003 United Kingdom Edition published by ACADEMIC PRESS, INC. (LONDON) LTD. Berkeley Square House, London W1X 6BA LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOG CARD NUMBER: 72-134839 PRINTED IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA List of Contributors Numbers in parentheses indicate the pages on which the authors' contributions begin. ALAN W. BLACKSHAW, Department of Physiology, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia (73) MURRAY S. BLUM, Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (393) JOSEPH R. DAVIS, Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois (259) MICHAEL J. FREE,* Animal Reproduction Teaching and Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio (125) BARTON L. GLEDHILL, Section of Reproduction, Department of Clinical Studies, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, New Bolton Center, Kennett Square, Pennsylvania (307) PETER F. HALL, Department of Biochemistry, University of Melbourne, Victoria, Australia (1) A. D. JOHNSON, Department of Animal Science, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia (193) * Present address: Department of Biological Science, California State College at Hayward, Hayward, California ix χ List of Contributors GEORGE A. LANGFORD, Department of Pharmacology and Thera peutics, Loyola University Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois (259) ANNA STEINBERGER, Division of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (363) EMIL STEINBERGER, Division of Endocrinology and Reproduction, Albert Einstein Medical Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (363) Preface In spite of more than a century of study on the testis by research workers from many disciplines, a comprehensive treatise containing the knowledge accumulated has never been published and is long overdue. This three-volume treatise, "The Testis," is an effort to fill this gap. The comparative approach has been used throughout, though studies on mammalian testes predominate. Species, order, and phylum differences and similarities, which exist in the development, morphology, function, and metabolism of the testis, allow one to better discern basic phenomena of the organ and its natural variability. Also, species differences permit a better understanding of adaptive changes which occur in the testes with evolutionary development. The extensive amount of information deemed essential to such a treatise made multiple volumes necessary. Volume I is devoted to the embryology, morphology, anatomy, physiology, and cytology of the testis and the relationship of these parameters to testis function. Vol ume II details the patterns of and alterations in biochemical entities and their metabolism in the testes. Although specific changes caused by alterations in environment are emphasized throughout, Volume III deals with several factors which may have profound effects on testicular anatomy, biochemistry, and function. The testis is an extremely complex organ. It has both endocrine and exocrine functions and many different types of cells which multiply at astonishing rates. It also has vital cellular interrelationships, and is ex tremely sensitive to changes in its environment. Perhaps one of the greatest problems in the study of the testis is that there are many cell types present and each has its own metabolic and physiological function. To further complicate matters, each cell type is dependent on the other. This interdependence limits the value of studies xi xii Preface conducted on only one cell type. These many cell types and their inter relationships are discussed in this work. Although the testis is one of the organs most capable of adapting to environmental changes, it is extremely sensitive so that most changes alter its function in some manner. The importance of environment and the many factors in it which influence the testis are discussed in order to illustrate the mechanisms by which these environmental factors alter the testis when the protective mechanisms fail to adapt fully to change. Interested scientists from all disciplines wish to be aware of the work of others in this field and to share the knowledge gleaned over the years resulting from hundreds of procedures and thousands of experiments. By sharing this knowledge new techniques and approaches can be developed so that a greater understanding of the testis can be gained. It is to these ends that this treatise is dedicated. Our sincerest thanks go to individuals who have been willing to con tribute to this treatise. Thanks need also be expressed to secretaries, technicians, and the staff of Academic Press who have assisted in many ways, and to scientists and publishers who have allowed the use of materials in this work. Contents of Other Volumes VOLUME I Development of the Mammalian Testis Η. Γ. Gier and G. B. Marion The Nerves of the Testis, Epididymis, and Scrotum Norma Hodson Testicular Blood Supply, Lymphatic Drainage, and Secretion of Fluid B. P. Setchell Temperature Regulation and the Testis G. Μ. H. Waites The Testicular Capsule Joseph R. Davis, George A. Langford, and Patrick J. Kirby Spermatogenesis Michel Courot, Marie-Therese Hochereau-de Reviers, and Robert Ortavant xiii xiv Contents of Other Volumes Sperm Production Rates Rupert P. Amann The Intertubular Tissue of the Testis Charles W. Hooker Fine Structure of the Testis and Its Functional Significance Mario H. Burgos, Roberto Vitale-Calpe, and Agustin Aoki Author Index-Subject Index VOLUME III Genetic Testicular Anomalies N. S. Fechheimer Immunologic Responses of the Testis David W. Bishop Metabolic and Regulatory Hormones Influencing Testis Function W. R. Gomes Seasonal Variation and Male Reproductive Efficiency J. R. Lodge and G. W. Salisbury Nutrition /. H. Leathern Influence of Space Flight, Atmospheric, and Elevation Changes Α. Τ. K. Cockett and A. D. Johnson Contents of Other Volumes xv Temperature Effects N. L. VanDemark Altered Blood Flow Emil Steinberger Radiation Effects LeGrande C. Ellis Cadmium and Other Mineral Elements Samuel A. Gunn and Thelma Clark Gould Chemical Agents Affecting Testicular Function and Male Fertility W. R. Gomes Author Index-Subject Index
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