The Telecommunications Handbook: Engineering Guidelines for Fixed, Mobile and Satellite Systems

1007 Pages·2015·13.7 MB·English

THE
TELECOMMUNICATIONS
HANDBOOK
ENGINEERING GUIDELINES FOR FIXED,
MOBILE AND SATELLITE SYSTEMS
JYRKI T. J. PENTTINEN
EDITED BY

The Telecommunications Handbook

The Telecommunications Handbook
Engineering Guidelines for Fixed, Mobile
and Satellite Systems
Editedby
JYRKIT.J.PENTTINEN
Thiseditionfirstpublished2015
©2015JohnWiley&Sons,Ltd
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LibraryofCongressCataloging-in-PublicationData
Thetelecommunicationshandbook:engineeringguidelinesforfixed,mobile,andsatellitesystems/editedby:JyrkiT.J.Penttinen.
pagescm
Includesbibliographicalreferencesandindex.
1.Telecommunication–Handbooks,manuals,etc. I.Penttinen,JyrkiT.J.,editor.
TK5101.T355332015
621.384–dc23
2014022270
AcataloguerecordforthisbookisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary.
ISBN:9781119944881
Setin10/12ptTimesbyAptaraInc.,NewDelhi,India
1 2015
Contents
Preface xxv
Acknowledgements xxvii
Abbreviations xxix
ListofContributors xlv
1 Introduction 1
JyrkiT.J.Penttinen
1.1 General 1
1.2 ShortHistoryofTelecommunications 2
1.2.1 TheBeginning 2
1.2.2 AnalogTelephonyEra 4
1.2.3 WirelessEra 4
1.3 TheTelecommunicationsScene 5
1.3.1 CurrentInformationSources 5
1.3.2 TelecommunicationsMarket 6
1.3.3 EffectofVideoServices 9
1.3.4 NetworkScalability 11
1.3.5 HowtoHandleIncreasedSmartphoneSignaling 13
1.3.6 EffectsofOnlineVideo 14
1.4 TheFocusoftheBook 15
1.5 InstructionsforReadingtheBookContents 16
References 20
2 StandardizationandRegulation 23
JyrkiT.J.Penttinen
2.1 Introduction 23
2.2 StandardizationBodies 23
2.2.1 ITU 23
2.2.2 ETSI 25
2.2.3 IEEE 28
2.2.4 IETF 28
2.2.5 CEPT 29
2.2.6 T1 30
2.2.7 ANSI 30
2.2.8 ARIB 31
2.2.9 TTC 31
2.2.10 3GPP 33
2.2.11 3GPP2 35
2.2.12 BroadcastStandardization 37
vi Contents
2.3 IndustryForums 38
2.3.1 GSMAssociation 38
2.3.2 UMTSForum 40
2.3.3 WiMAXForum 41
2.3.4 BMCOForumandOpenIPTVForum 41
2.3.5 GlobalMobileSuppliersAssociation 42
2.3.6 CDMADevelopmentGroup 42
2.3.7 OtherStandardizationBodies 43
2.4 OtherEntities 44
2.4.1 UNDP 44
2.4.2 IADB 45
2.5 FrequencyRegulation 45
2.5.1 WRC 45
2.6 NationalRegulators 46
2.7 GuidelineforFindingandInterpretingStandards 47
References 47
3 TelecommunicationsPrinciples 49
JyrkiT.J.Penttinen
3.1 Introduction 49
3.2 TerminologyandPlanningPrinciples 49
3.2.1 Decibel 50
3.2.2 Erlang 52
3.2.3 NoiseandInterferences 56
3.2.4 OtherTypicalTelecommunicationsUnits 57
3.3 Evolution 58
3.3.1 MobileNetworks 58
3.3.2 MobileData 60
3.3.3 DemandforMultimedia 62
3.4 SpectrumAllocations 64
3.4.1 ITURegionsandPrinciples 64
3.4.2 RegionalAspects 64
3.5 PhysicalAspects 64
3.5.1 RadioInterfaceandRadioLinks 64
3.5.2 ElectricalWires 65
3.5.3 CopperLines 65
3.5.4 FiberOptics 69
References 71
4 Protocols 73
JyrkiT.J.Penttinen
4.1 Introduction 73
4.2 OSI 74
4.2.1 General 74
4.2.2 PhysicalLayer(1) 78
4.2.3 DataLinkLayer(2) 78
4.2.4 NetworkLayer(3) 79
Contents vii
4.2.5 TransportLayer(4) 79
4.2.6 SessionLayer(5) 80
4.2.7 PresentationLayer(6) 80
4.2.8 ApplicationLayer(7) 80
4.2.9 Practice 81
4.3 FixedNetworks 82
4.3.1 SS7 82
4.3.2 SIGTRAN 83
4.4 MobileNetworks 89
4.4.1 SCCP 89
4.4.2 BSSAP 89
4.4.3 MAP 90
4.4.4 TCAP 90
4.4.5 LAPD/LAPDm 90
4.5 DataNetworks 90
4.5.1 TCP/IP 90
4.5.2 UDP 91
4.6 ErrorRecovery 93
4.6.1 Message 93
4.6.2 ErrorCorrectionMethods 94
4.7 LAPProtocolFamily 96
4.7.1 LAPB 97
4.7.2 LAPD 97
4.7.3 LAPF 97
4.7.4 LAPM 98
4.8 Cross-LayerProtocolPrinciples 98
References 99
5 ConnectivityandPayment 101
JyrkiT.J.Penttinen
5.1 Connectivity 101
5.2 Definitions 101
5.3 IPConnectivity 102
5.3.1 MultilinkDial-Up 102
5.3.2 ISDN 103
5.3.3 LeasedLines 103
5.3.4 E1/T1 103
5.3.5 CableModem 104
5.3.6 DSL 104
5.3.7 Power-LineConnectivity 104
5.3.8 ATM 104
5.4 WiredConnectivity 105
5.4.1 USB 105
5.4.2 USBDevelopment 105
5.4.3 GeneralPrinciplesofUSB 106
5.4.4 PhysicalAspectofUSB 107
5.4.5 CableLength 109
viii Contents
5.4.6 Power 109
5.4.7 SerialPort 114
5.5 RadioConnectivityintheNearField 114
5.6 NFCandSecurePayment 115
5.6.1 General 115
5.6.2 ReadersandTags 116
5.6.3 Architecture 117
5.6.4 Standardization 118
5.6.5 ProductsandUseCases 119
5.7 SecurePayment 120
5.7.1 Softcard 120
5.7.2 BackgroundtoSecurePaymentStandardization 121
5.7.3 FunctionalityofSecurePayment 121
5.7.4 EMV 123
5.7.5 PracticalSolutions 123
5.7.6 OtherPaymentSolutions 123
5.8 Bluetooth 125
5.8.1 General 125
5.8.2 BluetoothRF 126
5.8.3 BluetoothProfiles 126
5.9 HearingAidCompatibility 129
5.9.1 TandMRating 129
5.9.2 HACCompatibilityAspects 130
5.9.3 TTY/TDDCompatibility 131
5.10 OtherConnectivityTechnologies 131
5.10.1 G.V2A 131
5.10.2 MirrorLink 132
References 132
6 FixedTelecommunicationsNetworks 135
JyrkiT.J.Penttinen
6.1 Introduction 135
6.2 NetworkTopologies 135
6.2.1 Point-to-Point 136
6.2.2 Bus 136
6.2.3 Star 137
6.2.4 Ring 137
6.3 Redundancy 138
6.4 TelephoneNetwork 139
6.5 UserDevices 140
6.5.1 Telephones 140
6.5.2 DataEquipment 142
6.6 PlainOldPublicTelephoneSystem(POTS) 145
6.6.1 General 145
6.6.2 NumberingofTelephonyNetworks 146
6.6.3 ThePrincipleofTelephoneNetworks 146