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The Technology of Cake Making PDF

436 Pages·1997·7.494 MB·English
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The Technology of Cake Making JOIN US ON THE INTERNET VIA WWW, GOPHER, FTP OR EMAIL: WWW: http://www.thomson.com GOPHER: gopher.thomson.com A service of ICDP® FTP: ftp.thomson.com EMAIL: [email protected] The Technology of Cake Making Sixth Edition E.B. BENNION and G.S.T. BAMFORD Edited by A.J. BENT Baking Technology Consultancy Unit South Bank University London, UK SPRINGER-SCIENCE+BUSINESS MEDIA, BV. First edition 1930 Second edition 1943 Reprinted 1945, 1946, 1947, 1949, 1952 Third edition 1958 Fourth edition 1966 Fifth edition 1973 Reprinted 1979, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1989, 1992, 1995 Sixth edition 1997 © 1997 Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht Originally published by Chapman & Hali in 1997 Softcover reprint of the hardcover 6th edition 1997 Typeset in lOj12pt Times by Academic & Technical Typesetting, Bristol ISBN 978-1-4419-4742-0 ISBN 978-1-4757-6690-5 (eBook) DOI 10.1007/978-1-4757-6690-5 Apart from any fair dealing for the purposes of research or private study, or criticism or review, as permitted under the UK Copyright Designs and Patents Act, 1988, this publication may not be reproduced, stored, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of the publishers, or in the case of reprographic reproduction on1y in accordance with the terms of the licences issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency in the UK, or in accordance with the terms of Iicences issued by the appropriate Reproduction Rights Organization outside the UK. Enquiries conceming reproduction outside the terms stated here shou1d be sent to the publishers at the London address printed on this page. The publisher makes no representation, express or implied, with regard to the accuracy ofthe information contained in this book and cannot accept any legal responsibility or liability for any errors or omissions that may be made. A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-70703 @Printed on acid-free text paper, manufactured in accordance with ANSlj NISO Z39.48-1992 (Permanence of Paper) Contents Colour plates appear between pages 244 and 245 List of Contributors vii Preface xi Metric conversion xii 1 Wheat and milling 1 2 Flour specification 5 3 Eggs and egg products 18 4 Baking fats 25 5 Cream, butter and milkfat products 48 6 Lactose 81 7 Sugars 84 8 Chemical aeration 100 9 Yeast aeration 107 10 Emulsions and emulsifiers 112 11 Spices and flavourings 121 12 Nuts used in confectionery 128 13 Fruits used in confectionery 141 14 Jams and Jellies 155 15 Gums and jellying agents 169 vi CONTENTS 16 Chocolate 182 17 Icing, fillings and glazes 199 18 Fermented goods 220 19 Chemically aerated goods 230 20 Pastries 239 21 Cake-making processes 251 22 Sponge goods 275 23 Almond goods 289 24 Gateaux and fancies 299 25 Baking of confectionery goods 313 26 Bakery machinery and plant 321 27 Nutritional value of flour confectionery 353 28 Confectionery test baking 358 29 Water activity in flour confectionery product development 386 30 Packaging of confectionery products 398 31 Reduced sugar and lower fat baked foods 409 Index 413 Contributors Eggs and egg products Clive Frampton Managing Director, Framptons Ltd, Charlton Road, Shepton Mallet, Somerset BA4 5PD, UK Baking fats John Podmore Research and Development Centre, Pura Food Products Ltd, Dunnings Bridge Road, Bootie, Merseyside L30 6TJ, UK Cream, butter and Kanes K. Rajah milkfat products Welsh Institute of Rural Studies, University of Wales, Llanbadem Campus, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3AL, Wales, UK Sugars Graham Jones British Sugar pic, Technical Centre, Research and Development, Norwich Research Park, Colney, Norwich, Norfolk NR4 7UB, UK and John McAughtrie and Karen Cunningham British Sugar pic, Dundle Road, Peterborough PE2 3QU, UK Chemical aeration and David Thacker pastries Baking Technology Consultancy Unit, South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SEl OAA, UK Yeast aeration Ray D. Starkie DCL Yeast Ltd, Menstrie, Clackmannanshire FKll 7ES, UK Emulsions and emulsifiers Eric Flack Consultant, 'Greenewood', The Park, Great Barton, Bury St Edmunds, Suffolk, IP3l 2SX, UK viii CONTRIBUTORS Nuts used in Mark Goulbourn confectionery Technical Services Department, Renshaw Scott Ltd, Crown Street, Liverpool L8 7RF, UK Chocolate Edward G. Wohlmuth Technical Services and Marketing Development Manager, S & A Lesme, Callebaut Ltd, Banbury, Oxfordshire OX16 7UU, UK Nutritional value of Jill Davies flour confectionery Head of Nutritional Research Centre, South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SEI OAA, UK Water activity in flour Linda S. Young confectionery product Technology Transfer Manager, Campden & development Chorleywood Food Research Association, Chipping Campden, Gloucestershire GL5S 6LD, UK Packaging of Steve Barrass confectionery Course Director, MSc Product Management, products South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SEI OAA, UK Editor Alan J. Bent Baking Technology Consultancy Unit, South Bank University, 103 Borough Road, London SEI OAA, UK Equipment details European Process Plant and photographs EPP House, Epsom Business Park, Kiln Lane, Epsom, Surrey KT17 UF, UK Mono Equipment Queensway, Swansea Industrial Estate, Swansea SAS 4EB, UK Record Pe1kman Equipment Co. Ltd 2 Verulam Industrial Estate, London Road, St Albans, Herts ALl UB, UK Special thanks must be given to Craigmillar for their help and generosity in providing information throughout the book (for both the fifth and sixth CONTRIBUTORS IX editions) and allowing the use and reproduction of colour photographs of cakes, etc: Craigmillar Stadium Road, Bromborough, Wirral, Merseyside L62 3NU, UK Thanks are also due to Roger Burnett of The Media Centre at South Bank University for the scanning of the colour plates. Preface The popularity of the 1973 fifth edition of The Technology of Cake Making has continued in many of the English-speaking countries throughout the world. This sixth edition has been comprehensively revised and brought up to date with new chapters on Cream, butter and milkfat products, Lactose, Yeast aeration, Emulsions and emulsifiers, Water activity and Reduced sugar and lower fat goods. The chapters on Eggs and egg products, Baking fats, Sugars, Chemical aeration, Nuts in confectionery, Chocolate, Pastries, Nutritional value and Packaging have been completely rewritten. The increased need for the continuous development of new products does not of necessity mean that new technology has to be constantly introduced. Many of the good old favourites may continue to be produced for many years and they form suitable 'bench marks' for new product development. The sixth edition introduces the use of relative density to replace specific volume as a measure of the amount of aeration in a cake batter (the use of relative density is in line with international agreement). Specific volume is kept as a measurement of baked product volume since the industry is comfortable with the concept that, subject to an upper limit, an increase in specific volume coincides with improvement in cake quality. Recipes have been adjusted and a standard format introduced which gives the amounts in recipes as (1) % flour (taking flour or some other major raw material as 100 and expressing other ingredients in relation to this), (2) imperial measure for USA applications, Ib oz (pounds and ounces) and (3) metric measure, kg. The book is aimed at staff involved in bakery production and allied industries, product development and raw material testing of baked products. It is also an essential resource for students and teachers of bakery subjects, food technology and food manufacture. Since the fifth edition there have been considerable changes in legislation. The changes continue almost on a daily basis and anyone interested in obtaining the latest information about EU and UK legislation should contact the Ministry of Agriculture, Fisheries and Food, London. In the USA the FDA Code of Federal Regulations should be consulted. In other countries the appropriate government authority should be contacted. Substantial help and assistance of many colleagues and friends in the bakery and allied trades has been given and in particular thanks must go to all the people and Companies in the List of Contributors who have made such excellent contributions. A.J. Bent

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