The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food PDF
Preview The Taste of War: World War II and the Battle for Food
The Taste of War The Taste of War World War II and the Battle for Food LIZZIE COLLINGHAM THE PENGUIN PRESS NEW YORK 2012 THE PENGUIN PRESS Published by the Penguin Group Penguin Group (USA) Inc., 375 Hudson Street, New York, New York 10014, USA • Penguin Group (Canada), 90 Eglinton Avenue East, Suite 700, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M4P 2Y3 (a division of Pearson Canada Inc.) • Penguin Books Ltd, 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England • Penguin Ireland, 25 St Stephen’s Green, Dublin 2, Ireland (a division of Penguin Books Ltd) • Penguin Books Australia Ltd, 250 Camberwell Road, Camberwell, Victoria 3124, Australia (a division of Pearson Australia Group Pty Ltd) • Penguin Books India Pvt Ltd, 11 Community Centre, Panchsheel Park, New Delhi – 110 017, India • Penguin Group (NZ), 67 Apollo Drive, Rosedale, Auckland 0632, New Zealand (a division of Pearson New Zealand Ltd) • Penguin Books (South Africa) (Pty) Ltd, 24 Sturdee Avenue, Rosebank, Johannesburg 2196, South Africa Penguin Books Ltd, Registered Offices: 80 Strand, London WC2R 0RL, England First American edition Published in 2012 by The Penguin Press, a member of Penguin Group (USA) Inc. 1 3 5 7 9 10 8 6 4 2 Copyright © Lizzie Collingham, 2011 All rights reserved Illustration credits appear on pages xi–xii. LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING IN PUBLICATION DATA Collingham, E. M. (Elizabeth M.) The taste of war : World War Two and the battle for food / Lizzie Collingham. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN: 978-1-101-56131-7 1. World War, 1939–1945—Food supply. 2. Food supply—History—20th century. 3. Food security— History—20th century. 4. Nutrition policy—History—20th century. 5. Starvation—History—20th century. 6. Food habits—History—20th century. 7. War and society—History—20th century. I. Title. II. Title: World War Two and the battle for food. HD9000.5.C624 2012 940.53′1—dc23 2011043783 Printed in the United States of America No part of this book may be reproduced, scanned, or distributed in any printed or electronic form without permission. Please do not participate in or encourage piracy of copyrighted materials in violation of the author’s rights. Purchase only authorized editions. PEARSON ALWAYS LEARNING For Sarah Contents List of Illustrations Acknowledgements Note on Sources Maps 1 Introduction – War and Food PART I Food – An Engine of War 2 Germany’s Quest for Empire From wheat to meat Defeat, hunger and the legacy of the First World War Autarky and Lebensraum Herbert Backe and the Hunger Plan Genocide in the east 3 Japan’s Quest for Empire A radical answer to rural crisis One million households in Manchuria From Nanjing to Pearl Harbor PART II The Battle for Food 4 American Boom 5 Feeding Britain From meat to bread and potatoes American dried egg and Argentinian corned beef 6 The Battle of the Atlantic The worst winter of the war The American lifeline Frozen meat versus men and arms Victory in the Atlantic 7 Mobilizing the British Empire The Middle East Supply Centre Profiteering in East Africa West Africa and the dollar deficit The Bengal famine 8 Feeding Germany The battle for production The occupation of western Europe Greek famine and Belgian resilience Allies and Aryans 9 Germany Exports Hunger to the East Living off the land Implementing the Hunger Plan The food crisis of 1941–42 The Holocaust in Poland Food confiscation in the Ukraine 10 Soviet Collapse 11 Japan’s Journey towards Starvation Rice and sweet potatoes Chaos and hunger in the empire 12 China Divided Nationalist collapse Communist survival PART III The Politics of Food 13 Japan – Starving for the Emperor Healthy eating as a patriotic virtue Churchill’s rations The American blockade Guadalcanal New Guinea Burma Hunger on the home islands Surrender 14 The Soviet Union – Fighting on Empty Feeding the Red Army Feeding the cities The American lifeline Perseverance despite hunger 15 Germany and Britain – Two Approaches to Entitlement 1930s Britain – a nutritional divide 1930s Germany – the campaign for nutritional freedom The politics of rationing Feeding the British working classes Feeding the German war machine The black market The German cities – hungry but not starving 16 The British Empire – War as Welfare Dr Carrot – guarding the British nation’s health Closing the nutritional gap Health and morale – the Army Catering Corps Fighting on bully beef and biscuits Porridge, peas and vitamins Nutritional reconditioning – the Indian army 17 The United States – Out of Depression and into Abundance The ‘good war’ Future hopes Troop welfare Australia – food processing for victory Feeding Pacific islanders PART IV The Aftermath 18 A Hungry World 19 A World of Plenty American plenty versus European relief A vision for the future The shape of the post-war food world The rise of the new consumer A Selective Chronology of the Second World War Notes Bibliography Index
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