The Taliban Revival: Violence and Extremism on the Pakistan-Afghanistan Frontier PDF
Preview The Taliban Revival: Violence and Extremism on the Pakistan-Afghanistan Frontier
THE TALIBAN REVIVAL 44335577..iinndddd ii 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM 44335577..iinndddd iiii 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM THE TAL IBAN RE VIVA L VIOLENCE AND EXTREMISM ON THE PAKISTAN—AFGHANISTAN FRONTIER HASSAN ABBAS YALE UNIVERSITY PRESS NEW HAVEN AND LONDON 44335577..iinndddd iiiiii 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM Copyright © 2014 Hassan Abbas All rights reserved. This book may not be reproduced in whole or in part, in any form (beyond that copying permitted by Sections 107 and 108 of the U.S. Copyright Law and except by reviewers for the public press) without written permission from the publishers. For information about this and other Yale University Press publications, please contact: U.S. Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.com Europe Office: [email protected] www.yalebooks.co.uk Set in Minion Pro by IDSUK (DataConnection) Ltd Printed in Great Britain by Gomer Press Ltd, Llandysul, Ceredigion, Wales Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Abbas, Hassan, 1969- The Taliban revival : violence and extremism on the Pakistan-Afghanistan frontier / Hassan Abbas. pages cm Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-300-17884-5 (hardback : alkaline paper) 1. Pakistan—Politics and government—1988– 2. Afghanistan—Politics and government—2001– 3. Taliban. 4. Pushtuns—Politics and government. 5. Borderlands— Pakistan. 6. Borderlands—Afghanistan. 7. Political violence—Pakistan. 8. Political violence—Afghanistan. 9. Islamic fundamentalism—Pakistan. 10. Islamic fundamentalism—Afghanistan. I. Title. DS389.A225 2014 954.91’1053—dc23 2014002669 ISBN 978-0-300-17884-5 A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 44335577..iinndddd iivv 1199//0033//1144 55::3333 PPMM Sow flowers to make a garden bloom around you, The thorns you sow will prick your own feet. . . . Humanity is all one body; To torture another is simply to wound yourself.1 Rahman Baba (1653–1715), the popular Pashtun Sufi poet buried in the city of Peshawar, Pakistan Injustice anywhere is a threat to justice everywhere. We are caught in an inescapable network of mutuality, tied in a single garment of destiny. Whatever affects one directly, affects all indirectly.2 Martin Luther King (1929–68) 44335577..iinndddd vv 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM 44335577..iinndddd vvii 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM Contents Maps viii–ix Introduction: Setting the scene 1 1 ‘Intruders are always unwelcome’ 8 Pashtun identity, culture and political history 2 Enter at your own risk 33 Tribes and troubles on Pakistan’s unruly Pashtun frontier (1947–2001) 3 Holy warriors of an unholy war 53 The Afghan Jihad and the chaotic rise of the Taliban (1979–2001) 4 Goodbye Taliban? 74 The ‘gift of democracy’ for a new Afghanistan (2002–05) 5 Setting the stage for the Taliban revival in Afghanistan 94 The role of sanctuaries in Pakistan’s FATA (2002–05) 6 Islamabad under siege 121 Red Mosque vigilantes, protesting lawyers and Musharraf versus Bhutto (2007–08) 7 The battle for the soul of Pakistan 141 The loss of the Swat Valley and the rise of the Pakistani Taliban (2006–13) 8 The political economy of Taliban resurgence in Afghanistan 168 Opium, crime and development funds (2006–13) 9 Empowering the Taliban revival? 193 Impact of local politics, regional rivalries and drone strikes Conclusion 219 Hubris and lack of vision versus hope and prospects for reform Notes 235 Bibliography 260 List of Illustrations 263 Acknowledgments 265 Index 268 44335577..iinndddd vviiii 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM UZBEKISTAN Dushanbe TAJIKIST AN C H I N A TU RKMENI STAN Kunduz Mazar-i Sharif GILGIT- BALTISTAN T (Administered A by Pakistan) W Kabul S Mardan Abbottabad Srinagar Herat PAKTJIaAlalabad PeshawaSrwabi Islamabad JKAAMSHMMUI &R A F G H A N I S T A GNhazni Khost Rawalpindi (AdmIinndisitae)red by Administered by Jammu Pakistan Federally PAKTIKA LashGkaahr Kandahar ZABUL ATrdimbainl AisrteeraesdLahore Amritsar P A K I S T A N P U N J A B Quetta Multan Delhi I N D I A I R A N Jaipur R A J A S T H A N 0 kilometres 200 0 miles 100 Hyderabad Karachi Disputed border Line of control Arabian Sea Main roads Afghanistan and Pakistan 44335577..iinndddd vviiiiii 1188//0033//1144 55::1122 PPMM TAJIKISTAN Federally Administered Tribal Areas Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province H Mastuj N O R T H E R N S H I N D U K U CHChIitrTalRAL A RGEilgAitS Kalam A F G H A N I S T A N Dir SWAT KOHISTAN DIR ABGAEJANUCRY SHANGLABAT TAGRNASME H RA Naran MOHMAND MALAKAND M A Jalalabad AGENCY AGENCY BUNER INDIA Kabul Khyber Pass MARDAN Mansehra Landi Kotal CHPAeRshSAawDaDrA SWABI ABBOTTABAD KHYBER PESHAWAR Gardeyz Parachinar AGENCY NOWSHERA HARIPUR KURRAM ORAKZAI AGENCY AGENCY Kohat Islamabad Khowst HANGU KOHAT Rawalpindi Miram Shah Bannu KARAK ceasefire line WANRZOIRRTISHTAN BANNU Kalabagh Razmak AGENCY LAKKI Mianwali T H E P U N J A B MARWAT Jandola SOUTH WARZIRISTAN AGENCY Wana TANK P A K I S T A N Dera Ismail Khan DERA ISMAIL KHAN Zhob 0 kilometres 80 0 miles 50 Former North West Frontier Province (now Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province) and Federally Administered Tribal Areas, Pakistan 44335577..iinndddd iixx 2255//0033//1144 88::0055 PPMM
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