The Tale of the Tribe Tale The the of Tribe (cid:149) • • EZRA POUND AND THE MODERNVERSE EPIC (cid:149) • • Bernstein Andre Michael PRINCETON TY ISREVINUSS ERP PRINCETON, EW NEY SREJ Copyright ' 80 91by Princeton University Press Published by Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey In the United Kingdom: Princeton University Press, Guildford, Surrey All Rights Reserved Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data will be found on the last printed page of this book Publication of this book has been aided by The Andrew W. Mellon Foundation This book has been composed in VIP Bembo Clothbound editions of Princeton University Press books are printed on acid-free paper, and binding materials are chosen for strength and durability Printed in the United States of America by Princeton University Press, Princeton, New Jersey For DINA BERNSTEIN remember I that have remembered ACKNOWLEDGMENTS One of the pleasures of working on this book during the past six years has been the number of obligations and debts in curred in its composition. Without the generous encourage ment of friends and colleagues, I might never have completed such a project, and without their steadying advice the final text would have suffered immeasurably. The list of names in cluded here is only a partial and fragmentary record of all those upon whose counsel I have relied, and my gratitude to everyone involved extends well beyond the formal expres sions appropriate to an acknowledgment. To Richard Ellmann, Alex Zwerdling, Thomas Parkinson, Ronald Bush, A. Walton Litz, Paul Alpers, Robert Hollander, James A. Powell, Herbert Marks, Victoria Yablonsky, Robert Owen, Jeanne Wolff von Amerongen, Paul Let, George But- terick, and James Laughlin, my sincere appreciation for hav ing made the book possible. I am also glad of this opportunity to thank The American Council of Learned Societies, The Canada Council, The Committee on Research of the University of California, Berkeley, and the Departments of English and Comparative Literature at the University of California, Berkeley, for grant ing me both the free time and the funds to work on this study. The staff at Princeton University Press and especially Mrs. Arthur Sherwood, Literature Editor, and Miss R. Miriam Brokaw, Associate Director and Editor, encouraged my work from its beginning and I very much appreciate their support. Chapter Five, "Identification and Its Vicissitudes," ap peared, in a different version, in The Yale Review, and I am grateful for permission to reprint it here. For authorization to quote from their works, I am indebted to the publishers and Literary Estates of Pound, Williams, and Olson. Reprinted by permission of the New Directions Publishing Corporation and Faber and Faber Ltd.: Ezra Pound, The Can› tos, copyright 1934, 1937, 1940, 1948, © 1956, 1959, 1962, viii · ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 1963, 1968, 1972 by Ezra Pound; Personae, The Collected Shorter Poems, copyright 1926 by Ezra Pound; ABC of Read ing, copyright 1934 by Ezra Pound; The Literary Essays of Ezra Pound (T. S. Eliot ed.), copyright 1918, 1920, 1935 by Ezra Pound; Selected Letters of Ezra Pound 1907-1941 (D. D. Paige ed.), copyright 1950 by Ezra Pound; Selected Prose 1909-1965 (W. Cookson ed.), copyright © 1973 by the Trustees of the Ezra Pound Literary Property Trust; Gaudier-Brzeska, copyright © 1970 by Ezra Pound, all rights reserved; Pound! Joyce, Letters and Essays (Forrest Read ed.) copyright © 1965, 1966, 1967 by Ezra Pound; Pastiche, The Regional, from The New Age, Vols, xxv and xxvi by Ezra Pound, all rights reserved. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation and Peter Owen Ltd.: Ezra Pound, Guide to KuI- chur, copyright © 1970 by Ezra Pound, all rights reserved; The Spirit of Romance, copyright © 1968 by Ezra Pound, all rights reserved: Confucius: The Great Digest & Unwobbling Pivot, The Analects, copyright 1928 by Glenn Hughes, copyright 1947, 1950, by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation and Faber & Faber Ltd. on behalf of the Ezra Pound Literary Property Trust: Confucius To Cummings, by Ezra Pound and Marcella Spann, copyright © 1964 by New Directions; Redondillas, Or Something of That Sort, copyright © 1967 by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permission of Peter Owen Ltd.: Patria Mia and The Treatise On Harmony, copyright 1962, by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permission of Liveright Publishing Corp.: Jefferson AndlOr Mussolini, copyright 1935, 1936 by Ezra Pound. Reprinted by permission of New Directions Publishing Corporation: William Carlos Williams, Selected Essays, copyright 1954, by W C. Williams; Selected Letters, copyright 1957, by W. C. Williams; Autobiography, copyright 1951 by W. C. Williams; Imaginations, copyright 1920 by Four Seas Company, copyright 1928 by Covici Friede, Publishers, copyright © 1970 by Florence H. Williams; Pictures from Brueghel and Other Poems, copyright 1955 by W C. Williams; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS · ix Paterson, copyright © 1946, 1948, 1949, 1951, 1958 by W. C. Williams; excerpts from "A Study of Ezra Pound's Present Position" as published in Massachusetts Review, Vol. 14, No. 1, Winter 1973, and from a letter by Williams as published in "The Eighth Day of Creation" by P. Mariani in Twentieth- Century Literature, Vol. 21, No. 3, copyright © 1973 by Flor ence H. Williams. Reprinted by permission of Beacon Press: William Carlos Williams, I Wanted To Write a Poem, copyright, 1958 by W. C. Williams. Reprinted by permission of George Butterick and The University of Connecticut Library: excerpts from Charles Olson's writings printed in Olson. Reprinted by permisson of George Butterick and the Charles Olson Estate: The Distances by Charles Olson; The Maximus Poems Volume Three by Charles Olson. Reprinted by permission of Jonathan Cape Ltd.: Charles Olson, Letters for Origin (A. Glover ed.) copyright 1969 by Charles Olson; Mayan Letters (R. Creeley ed.), copyright 1953 by Charles Olson; Maximus Poems IV, V, VI copyright 1968 by Charles Olson. Reprinted by permission of Jargon/Corinth Books: Charles Olson, The Maximus Poems, copyright 1960 by Charles Ol son. Reprinted by permission of Four Seasons Foundation: ex cerpts from Additional Prose (G. Butterick ed.), copyright 1961,1962,1964,1965,1967,1968,1969,1974 by the Estate of Charles Olson.