The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality PDF
Preview The Syrian War: Between Justice and Political Reality
Interrogating the concepts of allegiance and identity in a globalised world L o n involves renewing our understanding of membership and participation g b within and beyond the nation-state. Allegiance can be used to defi ne a o t singular national identity and common connection to a nation-state. In a to m global context, however, we need more dynamic conceptions to understand the importance of maintaining diversity and building allegiance with Th others outside borders. Understanding how allegiance and identity are being reconfi gured today provides valuable insights into important o m contemporary debates around citizenship. a s M o P o “Th is book reveals how public and international law understand allegiance d a ric and identity. Each involves viewing the nation-state as fundamental to in k -E concepts of allegiance and identity, but they also see the world slightly e v e a n diff erently. With contributions from philosophers, political scientists and K n h social psychologists, the result is a thorough appraisal of allegiance and d e n .9 identity in a range of socio-legal contexts.” th 7 8110 James T. Smith, New York Literary Review e I 8 d 4 8 e 7 8 a 0 1 . P of P C H . C u M m Y a K n Th e Syrian War R i g h Between Justice and Political Reality t s Edited by Hilly Moodrick-Even Khen, Cover image: unknown artist’s photograph of a Nir T. Boms and Sareta Ashraph distressed cliff face. THE SYRIAN WAR StartinginMarch2011asaciviluprisingcallingforliberalreforms,the unrest in Syria rapidly deteriorated into a proxy-led armed conflict involving multiple state-sponsored and non-state actors, including foreign militias and local armed groups. The current state of affairs in Syriaandtheuncertaintyregardingitsfutureraisenumerousquestions forscholarsandpractitionersofbothinternationallawandpoliticsabout justicewithinthecontextofachangingpoliticalrealityinSyria. ThisbookcontributesuniquelytothescholarshipontheSyrianwar, raisingvoicesfromtheMiddleEastandbeyondnotoftenheardwithin thisresearchcontext.Thevolumeisdividedintothreesections:PartIsets thefactualandlegalframeworkfortheSyrianconflict;PartIIfocuseson theimplicationsoftheconflictfortheSyrianneighbourhood;andPartIII analysespossiblepost-conflictscenarios.Together,theyaddressthekey themesandquestionsoftheconflicts. hillymoodrick-evenkhenisSeniorLecturerattheAcademicCollege forLawandScienceandLectureratArielUniversity.SheisauthorofNational IdentitiesandtheRighttoSelf-DeterminationofPeoples:‘Civic-Nationalism- Plus’ in Israel and Other Multinational States (2016); Terrorism and InternationalLaw:CombatantsandCiviliansinModernBattlefields(2010, Hebrew); and articles in scientific journals in the fields of international humanitarian law, international criminal law, and philosophical-juridical interdisciplinaryscholarship. nir t. boms isResearch Fellow at the MosheDayan Center, Tel Aviv University, and at the International Institute for Counter-Terrorism (ICT)inHertzliya.HeisamemberoftheboardoftheIsraeliCouncilof ForeignRelationsandco-founderofCyberDissidentsandtheTiyul-Rihla project.Heisco-authorofExpact-ingDemocracy(withPeterLang,2016), andhaswrittenover300articles. sareta ashraph is a Barrister specialising in International Criminal and Humanitarian Law. She served as Chief Legal Analyst on the International Independent Commission of Inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic,documentingviolationsofinternationallawinthecontextof theongoingconflictinSyria.In2017,sheconsultedontheestablishment oftheInternationalImpartialandIndependentMechanismtoAssistin the Investigation and Prosecution of Persons Responsible for the Most SeriousCrimesunderInternationalLawCommittedintheSyrianArab RepublicsinceMarch2011,morecommonlyknownastheSyriaIIIM. T H E S Y R I A N W A R Between Justice and Political Reality Edited by HILLY MOODRICK-EVEN KHEN TheAcademicCollegeforLawandScience NIR T. BOMS Tel-AvivUniversity SARETA ASHRAPH GardenCourtChambers UniversityPrintingHouse,CambridgeCB28BS,UnitedKingdom OneLibertyPlaza,20thFloor,NewYork,NY10006,USA 477WilliamstownRoad,PortMelbourne,VIC3207,Australia 314–321,3rdFloor,Plot3,SplendorForum,JasolaDistrictCentre, NewDelhi–110025,India 79AnsonRoad,#06–04/06,Singapore079906 CambridgeUniversityPressispartoftheUniversityofCambridge. ItfurtherstheUniversity’smissionbydisseminatingknowledgeinthepursuitof education,learning,andresearchatthehighestinternationallevelsofexcellence. www.cambridge.org Informationonthistitle:www.cambridge.org/9781108487801 DOI:10.1017/9781108768016 ©CambridgeUniversityPress2020 Thispublicationisincopyright.Subjecttostatutoryexception andtotheprovisionsofrelevantcollectivelicensingagreements, noreproductionofanypartmaytakeplacewithoutthewritten permissionofCambridgeUniversityPress. Firstpublished2020 PrintedintheUnitedKingdombyTJInternationalLtd.PadstowCornwall AcataloguerecordforthispublicationisavailablefromtheBritishLibrary. ISBN978-1-108-48780-1Hardback CambridgeUniversityPresshasnoresponsibilityforthepersistenceoraccuracyof URLsforexternalorthird-partyinternetwebsitesreferredtointhispublication anddoesnotguaranteethatanycontentonsuchwebsitesis,orwillremain, accurateorappropriate. Tomychildren,ItamarandYael,whowereprivilegedtoliveapeaceful life–butwhoseheartsandmindsarewiththosewhowerenot–andtoall thosewhosufferedfromthemiseriesofwar HillyMoodrick-EvenKhen TomyIsraeliandSyrianpartnerswhotogetherwereabletosavelives duringableedingperiodofhorror NirT.Boms Formyparents,AzadandSarahAshraph SaretaAshraph CONTENTS Acknowledgements pageix ListofContributors xi ListofAbbreviations xv TableofTreaties xvii TableofCases xix 1 Introduction:AnOverviewofStakeholdersand Interests 1 hilly moodrick-even khen, nir t. boms, and sareta ashraph PART I TheSyrianWar:FactualandLegal Framework 9 2 Syria:InternationalUseofForceandHumanitarian Intervention 11 amichai cohen 3 LegalClassificationoftheConflict(s)inSyria 29 tom gal 4 TheSyrianGovernment’sWaragainstItsPeople 56 eyal zisser 5 AlltheRedLines:TheSyrianConflictandItsAssaulton InternationalHumanitarianLaw 79 sareta ashraph 6 ScorchedEarthinSyria:BetweenCrimesagainstHumanity andGenocide 107 hilly moodrick-even khen and yael siman vii viii contents 7 WeaponisingGender:SexualViolenceintheSyrian Conflict 140 lina biscaia PART II TheSyrianNeighbourhood 163 8 ProxyWarsinSyria:ExploitationofthePalestinianIssuein theSyrianCrisis 165 moran levanoni 9 ANorthernDilemma:UnderstandingIsrael’sActions FacingtheSyrianWar 180 nir t. boms 10 TheSpilloverEffectsoftheSyrianCivilWar:Regional RamificationsforRefugees 198 joel d. parker 11 SyrianRefugeesinEurope:AssessingChallenges,Practices, andIntegrationPolicies 217 francesco farinelli PART III ANewSyriainaNewWorldOrder?Assessing LegalandPoliticalImplications 241 12 TransitionalJusticeWithoutTransition:TheInternational Community’sEffortsinSyria 243 beth van schaack 13 SyrianKurds:RisingfromtheAshesofPersecution 268 sirwan kajjo 14 Epilogue:TheFutureofSyriaandtheMiddleEast 287 dr kamal allabwani, md 15 Conclusion 295 hilly moodrick-even khen, nir t. boms, and sareta ashraph Index 299
The list of books you might like
