The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency PDF
Preview The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency
THE SYRIAN JIHAD CHARLES R. LISTER The Syrian Jihad Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency A A Oxford University Press is a department of the University of Oxford. It furthers the University’s objective of excellence in research, scholarship, and education by publishing worldwide. Oxford New York Auckland Cape Town Dar es Salaam Hong Kong Karachi Kuala Lumpur Madrid Melbourne Mexico City Nairobi New Delhi Shanghai Taipei Toronto With offices in Argentina Austria Brazil Chile Czech Republic France Greece Guatemala Hungary Italy Japan Poland Portugal Singapore South Korea Switzerland Thailand Turkey Ukraine Vietnam Oxford is a registered trade mark of Oxford University Press in the UK and certain other countries. Published in the United States of America by Oxford University Press 198 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10016 Copyright © Charles R. Lister 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the prior permission in writing of Oxford University Press, or as expressly permitted by law, by license, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reproduction rights organization. Inquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above should be sent to the Rights Department, Oxford University Press, at the address above. You must not circulate this work in any other form and you must impose this same condition on any acquirer. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data is available Charles R. Lister. The Syrian Jihad: Al-Qaeda, the Islamic State and the Evolution of an Insurgency. ISBN: 9780190462475 CONTENTS Acknowledgements ix Preface xi Introduction 1 PART I SETTING THE SCENE 1. Breaking Down the Barriers: Protest 11 2. Underlying Instability 19 3. Syria’s Flirtation with Jihadism 31 PART II FIRST ON THE SCENE 4. March–December 2011: Jabhat Al-Nusra Forms 51 5. January–August 2012: Jabhat Al-Nusra Emerges 63 6. September 2012–March 2013: Jabhat Al-Nusra Rises 83 PART III MAKING A SCENE 7. April–June 2013: The Islamic State Joins the Conflict 119 8. July–December 2013: Rising Tensions 151 9. January–April 2014: Turning Against the Islamic State 185 PART IV CALIPHATES, EMIRATES AND DIVERGENCE 10. May–August 2014: Declaring a Caliphate 221 v CONTENTS 11. The Islamic State 261 12. September–December 2014: Strikes and Divisions 279 13. January–June 2015: Tipping the Scales 319 14. The Syrian Jihad 369 Notes 395 Bibliography 431 Index 455 vi T U R K E Y N Gaziantep Dohuk Kobane Qamishli Jarablus Ras al-Ayn Al-Yaroubiya Irbil Bab Al Salameh Tel Abyad al-BHaabwa Al-Raqqah Al-Hasakah Sinjar Tal Afar Mosul 0 km 100 Idlib Aleppo Al-Raqqa Al-Hasakah Irbil Aleppo Ninawa LatakiaLatakia Idlib Kirkuk Sulaimaniyah Hama Hama Deir ez Zour Kirkuk Al-Sulaimaniyah Tartus Tartus Deir Baiji Homs S Y R I A ez Zour Salah ad Din Tikrit Tripoli BEIRUT ANON Homs Samarra Diyala IRAN B LE DAMASCUS Al-Anbar Ramadi Fallujah BAGBHaDqAuDbah Rif Dimashq Deraa Quneitra Al-Suwayda Wasit Deraa I R A Q Karbala Babil Karbala West Bank Najaf Al-Qadisiyah Maysan Dhi Qar AEL Al-Najaf Nasiriyah SR J O R D A N I Basrah S A U D I A R A B I A Al-Muthanna Al-Basrah KUWAIT © S.Ballard (2015) © S Ballard (2015) T U R K E Y Gaziantep Qamishli Kobane Kilis Jarablus Ras al-Ayn Al-Yaroubiya y Hata Afrin Azaz Manbij Tel Abyad Al-Hasakah Reyhanli Al-Bab Al-Raqqah Al-Hasakah I R A Q Aleppo Idlib Aleppo Raqqah LatLakaiatakQiaardaha IdMlairbat al-Numan Al-Tabqah Euphrates River Deir ez Zour Hama Hama Tartus Al-Mayadin Tartus Deir ez Zour Homs Tripoli ON Al-Qusayr Palmyra Al-Bukamal BAN Laboue Al-Qaim LE Baalbek Homs BEIRUT Sidon DAMASCUS I R A Q Rif Dimashq Quneitra Deraa Lake Tiberius Al-Suwayda Deraa Al-Suwayda N J O R D A N AMMAN 0 75 km
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